Abstract:
:While there has been remarkable progress in understanding the biology of HIV-1 and its recognition by the human immune system, we have not yet developed an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine. Vaccine challenges include the genetic diversity and mutability of HIV-1 which create a plethora of constantly changing antigens, the structural features of the viral envelope glycoprotein that disguise conserved receptor-binding sites from the immune system, and the presence of carbohydrate moieties that shield potential epitopes from antibodies. Despite these challenges, there has been significant scientific progress in recent years. In 2009, a large-scale clinical trial known as RV144 demonstrated that a HIV-1 vaccine could modestly reduce the incidence of HIV-1 infection. Further, the identification of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (such as VRC01, a human monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing over 90% of natural HIV-1 isolates, as well as PG and PGT antibodies that recognize conserved glycopeptide epitopes) has revealed new opportunities for vaccine design. Our ability to understand HIV-1 structure and antibody epitopes at the atomic level, the rapid advance of computational and bioinformatics approaches to immunogen design, and our newly acquired knowledge that it is possible for a vaccine to reduce the risk of HIV-1 infection, have all opened up new and promising pathways towards the development of an urgently needed effective HIV-1 vaccine. This article summarizes challenges to the development of an HIV-1 vaccine, lessons learned from scientific investigation and completed vaccine trials, and promising developments in HIV-1 vaccine design.
journal_name
J Int AIDS Socjournal_title
Journal of the International AIDS Societyauthors
Kwong PD,Mascola JR,Nabel GJdoi
10.7448/IAS.15.2.17407subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-05 00:00:00pages
17407issue
2issn
1758-2652pii
17407journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:There are limited data characterizing the burden of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malawi. Epidemiologic research and access to HIV prevention, treatment and care services have been traditionally limited in Malawi by criminalization and stigmatization of same-sex practices. To inform the deve...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.16.4.18742
更新日期:2013-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Eastern Europe and Central Asia have the largest drug epidemic globally and the fastest and still expanding HIV epidemic. The Russian Federation and Ukraine together account for over 90% of the reported AIDS cases in the region. If small in absolute numbers, the epidemics are however significant in prevalence rate in ...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.4.19501
更新日期:2014-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Although individual HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) show good performance in evaluations conducted by WHO, reports from several African countries highlight potentially significant performance issues. Despite widespread use of RDTs for HIV diagnosis in resource-constrained settings, there has been no syst...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7448/IAS.20.1.21345
更新日期:2017-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Linkage from HIV testing and counselling (HTC) to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is suboptimal in many national programmes in sub-Saharan Africa, leading to delayed initiation of ART and increased risk of death. Reasons for failure of linkage are poorly understood. METHODS:Semi-structured qual...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.15.2.18020
更新日期:2012-12-31 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Anaemia is prevalent among children born to HIV-positive women, and it is associated with adverse effects on cognitive and motor development, growth, and increased risks of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of daily multivitamin supplementation on haematologic status and mother-to-c...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7448/IAS.16.1.18022
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Poor access of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people to healthcare providers with clinical and cultural competency contributes to health inequalities between heterosexual/cisgender and LGBT people. This systematic review assesses the effect of educational curricula and training for healthcar...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7448/IAS.20.1.21624
更新日期:2017-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In response to the increasing burden of HIV, the Ugandan government has employed different service delivery models since 2004 that aim to reduce costs and remove barriers to accessing HIV care. These models include community-based approaches to delivering antiretroviral therapy (ART) and delegating tasks t...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.19.5.20840
更新日期:2016-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The evolving HIV epidemic, coupled with advances in HIV treatment, has resulted in an ageing HIV-diagnosed population. It has been suggested that adverse physical and psychological effects of HIV may be higher among older people. However, few studies have examined the effect of older age on well-being for ...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.4.19511
更新日期:2014-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Two new microbicide products based on topical (vaginal) application of antiretroviral drugs - 1% tenofovir gel and the dapivirine ring - are currently in late-stage clinical testing, and results on their safety and effectiveness are expected to become available in early 2015. WHO guidelines on the use of t...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.3.19279
更新日期:2014-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:International investment in the response to HIV and AIDS has plateaued and its future level is uncertain. With many countries committed to ending the epidemic, it is essential to allocate available resources efficiently over different response periods to maximize impact. The objective of this study is to p...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.19.1.20627
更新日期:2016-02-23 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:HIV testing is a cornerstone of efforts to combat the HIV epidemic, and testing conducted as part of surveillance provides invaluable data on the spread of infection and the effectiveness of campaigns to reduce the transmission of HIV. However, participation in HIV testing can be low, and if respondents sy...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.18.1.19954
更新日期:2015-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:To achieve epidemic control of HIV by 2030, countries aim to meet 90-90-90 targets to increase knowledge of HIV-positive status, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression by 2020. We assessed the progress towards these targets from 2014 to 2016 in South Africa as expanded treatment p...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jia2.25295
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The objective of this commentary is to review considerations for implementing routine viral load (VL) monitoring programmes for HIV-infected infants and children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Since 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend VL testing as the preferr...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jia2.25001
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Engaging at-risk men in HIV prevention programs and services is a current priority, yet there are few effective ways to identify which men are at highest risk or how to best reach them. In this study we generated multi-factor profiles of HIV acquisition/transmission risk for men in Durban, South Africa, to...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jia2.25518
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In South Africa where replacement feeding may not be affordable, feasible or sustainable, HIV-infected women are recommended to exclusively breastfeed their infants during the first six months of life. The question arises whether HIV disease progression and its metabolic impact on the mother will affect th...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.4.19702
更新日期:2014-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In 2012, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that people living with HIV (PLWH) must disclose their HIV status to sexual partners prior to sexual activity that poses a "realistic possibility" of HIV transmission for consent to sex to be valid. The Supreme Court deemed that the duty to disclose could be avert...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7448/IAS.18.1.20572
更新日期:2015-12-22 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising new prevention approach for those most at risk of HIV infection. However, there are concerns that behavioural disinhibition, specifically reductions in condom use, might limit PrEP's protective effect. This study uses the case of female sex workers (FSWs)...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.20.1.21744
更新日期:2017-09-20 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases have been rising among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) over the last decade. The majority of cases are extragenital and occur at the oropharynx and anorectum. The aim of this narrative review was to review the risk factors and mode of transmission for ...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jia2.25354
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Worldwide, 71 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which, without treatment, can lead to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV co-infection increases liver- and AIDS-related morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive people, despite ART. A 12-week course of HCV direct-acting a...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jia2.25060
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Critical technological advances have yielded a toolkit of HIV prevention strategies. This literature review sought to provide contextual and historical reflection needed to bridge the conceptual gap between clinical efficacy and community effectiveness (i.e. knowledge and usage) of existing HIV prevention ...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7448/IAS.19.1.21092
更新日期:2016-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Lipodystrophy is still a matter of concern in HIV+ patients receiving ART. However, long-term fat change in patients taking non-thymidine regimens is not well known. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective ongoing fat change assessment including clinical evaluation and dexa scans (Hologic QDR 4500) is being c...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.4.19553
更新日期:2014-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Prevention of HIV infection has recently acquired new effective tools, based on the provision of antiretrovirals, to both decrease the "source" of HIV infection and/or to decrease host susceptibility to HIV infection. The milestone concept of using antiretrovirals for prevention has been tested already in the 1990s, t...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.4.19521
更新日期:2014-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:WHO recommends assisted partner notification (APN) for people living with HIV (PLHIV). These services have not been widely scaled in Central Asia. We describe the results from an APN intervention implemented within a programme focused on PLHIV and people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic ...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jia2.25313
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The success of HIV treatment programmes globally has resulted in children with perinatally acquired HIV reaching adolescence in large numbers. The number of adolescents living with HIV is growing further due to persisting high HIV incidence rates among adolescents in low- and middle-income settings, partic...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jia2.25002
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The HIV epidemics in the Caribbean, Central America and South America (CCASA), Eastern Europe (EE) and Asia and Pacific (AP) regions are diverse epidemics affecting different key populations in predominantly middle-income countries. This narrative review describes the populations of HIV-positive youth appr...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.20.4.21475
更新日期:2017-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Transactional sex is a structural driver of HIV for women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa. In transactional relationships, sexual and economic obligations intertwine and may have positive and negative effects on women's financial standing and social status. We conducted a clinic-based survey with pregnant ...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.20.1.21554
更新日期:2017-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traditional medication adherence measures do not account for the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the drugs, potentially misrepresenting true therapeutic exposure. METHODS:In a population of HIV-infected Kenyan children on antiretroviral therapy including nevirapine (NVP), we used a one-compartment model ...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.20.1.21157
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Current healthcare systems fail to provide adequate HIV services to men. In Zambia, 25% of adult men living with HIV were unaware of their HIV status in 2018, and 12% of those who were unaware of their HIV statu were not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to pervasive barriers to HIV testing servic...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jia2.25520
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Clinicians often do not have the time and possibilities to read all scientific evidence necessary to maintain high quality patient care. They rely on guidelines made by experts to help them in their daily work. METHODS:We compared the 2012 recommendations and the arguments of the IAS-USA Panel with the da...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.4.19766
更新日期:2014-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dolutegravir (DTG) is an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor approved for use in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV-infection in adults and adolescents. Metformin is a drug frequently used in diabetic HIV-infected patients, which requires titration to optimize dosing. In vi...
journal_title:Journal of the International AIDS Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7448/IAS.17.4.19584
更新日期:2014-11-02 00:00:00