Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution may be an important environmental factor leading to exacerbations of inflammatory illnesses in the GI tract. PM can gain access to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract via swallowing of air or secretions from the upper airways or mucociliary clearance of inhaled particles. METHODS:We measured PM-induced cell death and mitochondrial ROS generation in Caco-2 cells stably expressing oxidant sensitive GFP localized to mitochondria in the absence or presence of an antioxidant. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a very high dose of urban PM from Washington, DC (200 μg/mouse) or saline via gastric gavage and small bowel and colonic tissue were harvested for histologic evaluation, and RNA isolation up to 48 hours. Permeability to 4 kD dextran was measured at 48 hours. RESULTS:PM induced mitochondrial ROS generation and cell death in Caco-2 cells. PM also caused oxidant-dependent NF-κB activation, disruption of tight junctions and increased permeability of Caco-2 monolayers. Mice exposed to PM had increased intestinal permeability compared with PBS treated mice. In the small bowel, colocalization of the tight junction protein, ZO-1 was lower in the PM treated animals. In the small bowel and colon, PM exposed mice had higher levels of IL-6 mRNA and reduced levels of ZO-1 mRNA. Increased apoptosis was observed in the colon of PM exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS:Exposure to high doses of urban PM causes oxidant dependent GI epithelial cell death, disruption of tight junction proteins, inflammation and increased permeability in the gut in vitro and in vivo. These PM-induced changes may contribute to exacerbations of inflammatory disorders of the gut.
journal_name
Part Fibre Toxicoljournal_title
Particle and fibre toxicologyauthors
Mutlu EA,Engen PA,Soberanes S,Urich D,Forsyth CB,Nigdelioglu R,Chiarella SE,Radigan KA,Gonzalez A,Jakate S,Keshavarzian A,Budinger GR,Mutlu GMdoi
10.1186/1743-8977-8-19subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-09 00:00:00pages
19issn
1743-8977pii
1743-8977-8-19journal_volume
8pub_type
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
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journal_title：Particle and fibre toxicology
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