Regulation of astrocyte GFAP expression by TGF-beta1 and FGF-2.

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the central nervous system. When cultured, these cells express a wide variety of receptors for neurotransmitters. Nonetheless, it has yet to be firmly established that adult astrocytes in situ express receptors for neurotransmitters. In this report the technique of combine...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Salm AK,McCarthy KD

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the increasing evidence for a prominent role played by the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes in the functional metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons, a clear picture of their spatial organization is still lacking. To examine the three-dimensional structure of the astrocyte endfeet and their relati...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kacem K,Lacombe P,Seylaz J,Bonvento G

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional regulation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene (GFAP) is of interest because of its astrocyte specificity and its upregulation in response to CNS injuries. We have used a transgenic approach instead of cell transfection to identify promoter elements of the human GFAP gene, since previous observ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yeo S,Bandyopadhyay S,Messing A,Brenner M

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hostettler ME,Knapp PE,Carlson SL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are critically involved in the pathogenesis of genetically caused demyelination, as it occurs in inherited demyelinating neuropathies. On the basis of the observation that upregulation of the Schwann cell-derived chemokine MCP-1 (CCL2) is a pathologically relevant mechanism for macrophage activation in mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer S,Weishaupt A,Troppmair J,Martini R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer stem cells (CSC) are essential for tumorigenesis. The transcription factor Sox2 is overexpressed in brain gliomas, and is essential to maintain CSC. In mouse high-grade glioma pHGG cells in culture, Sox2 deletion causes cell proliferation arrest and inability to reform tumors after transplantation in vivo; in S...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Barone C,Buccarelli M,Alessandrini F,Pagin M,Rigoldi L,Sambruni I,Favaro R,Ottolenghi S,Pallini R,Ricci-Vitiani L,Malatesta P,Nicolis SK

更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Free glycine is known to have vital functions in the mammalian brain, where it serves mainly as both neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. Despite its importance, little is known about the metabolic pathways of glycine synthesis and degradation in the central nervous system. In this study, the pathway of glycine metabo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Verleysdonk S,Martin H,Willker W,Leibfritz D,Hamprecht B

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons from embryonic (E18) rat hippocampus were chosen to identify and characterize neurite growth-stimulating proteins accumulating in serum-free conditioned media (CM) obtained from primary or secondary cultures of cerebral astrocytes (less than 5% nonglial cells) using a quantitative cell culture bioassay. CM wer...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Matthiessen HP,Schmalenbach C,Müller HW

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The red nucleus (RN) has been widely used to study the formation and remodeling of synaptic connections during development and in post-lesion plasticity. Since glial cells are thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity, and information on functional properties of brain stem glia is missing, we analyzed voltage-gated...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Akopian G,Kuprijanova E,Kressin K,Steinhüser C

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique type of macroglia required for normal olfactory axonal regeneration throughout the lifetime of an individual. Recent evidence in the literature suggests that OECs transplanted into injured spinal cords may facilitate axonal regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Boruch AV,Conners JJ,Pipitone M,Deadwyler G,Storer PD,Devries GH,Jones KJ

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents a family of related peptides originally isolated from cardiac atria that have potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. ANP has previously been localized in neurons of the rat brain in regions subserving cardiovascular functions and fluid/electrolyte balance...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McKenzie JC,Berman NE,Thomas CR,Young JK,Compton LY,Cothran LN,Liu WL,Klein RM

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are CNS resident immune cells and a rich source of neuroactive mediators, but their contribution to physiological brain processes such as synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory is not fully understood. In this study, we used mice with partial depletion of IκB kinase β, the main activating kinase in the in...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kyrargyri V,Vega-Flores G,Gruart A,Delgado-García JM,Probert L

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroinflammation perpetuates neuronal damage in many neurological disorders. Activation of resident microglia and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages contributes to neuronal injury and synaptic damage. Noninvasive imaging of these cells in vivo provides a means to monitor progression of disease as well as assess ef...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Venneti S,Lopresti BJ,Wiley CA

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormonal and locally produced steroids act in the nervous system as neuroendocrine regulators, as trophic factors and as neuromodulators and have a major impact on neural development and function. Glial cells play a prominent role in the local production of steroids and in the mediation of steroid effects on neurons a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Garcia-Segura LM,Melcangi RC

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we investigated the involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the brain of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse, an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To this purpose, we used two tight junction markers, the Zonula occludens (ZO-1) and claudin-1 proteins, and a glial marker, th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nico B,Frigeri A,Nicchia GP,Corsi P,Ribatti D,Quondamatteo F,Herken R,Girolamo F,Marzullo A,Svelto M,Roncali L

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms that regulate the amount of releasable Ca2+ in intracellular stores of cultured mouse astrocytes were investigated using digital imaging of fura-2 loaded cells. At rest, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]cyt, was about 110 nM. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Golovina VA,Bambrick LL,Yarowsky PJ,Krueger BK,Blaustein MP

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pruning, the elimination of excess synapses is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for correct wiring of the central nervous system. The establishment of the cerebellar climbing fiber (CF)-to-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse provides a suitable model to study pruning and pruning-relevant processes during early postnatal ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kaiser N,Pätz C,Brachtendorf S,Eilers J,Bechmann I

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During axonal ensheathment, noncompact myelin channels formed at lateral edges of the myelinating process become arranged into tight paranodal spirals that resemble loops when cut in cross section. These adhere to the axon, concentrating voltage-dependent sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier and patterning the surround...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jarjour AA,Velichkova AN,Boyd A,Lord KM,Torsney C,Henderson DJ,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much current knowledge of oligodendrocyte biology, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, comes from cell culture studies mainly from postnatal rat tissue but mouse cells have been much more difficult to produce in large quantities. We have developed a high yield protocol for production of oligodendro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pedraza CE,Monk R,Lei J,Hao Q,Macklin WB

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress is the main cause of neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although extracellular nucleosides, especially adenosine, are well known to protect against neuronal damage in such pathological conditions, the effects of these nucleosides or ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Shinozaki Y,Koizumi S,Ishida S,Sawada J,Ohno Y,Inoue K

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nogo-A is a potent glial-derived inhibitor of axon growth in the injured CNS and acts as a negative regulator of developmental angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell migration. However, its function in pathological angiogenesis has never been studied after ischemic injury in the CNS. Using the mouse mode...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Joly S,Dejda A,Rodriguez L,Sapieha P,Pernet V

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement has been implicated as a potential effector mechanism in neurodegeneration; yet the precise role of complement in this process remains elusive. In this report, we have utilized the cuprizone model of demyelination-remyelination to examine the contribution of complement to disease. C1q deposition was observe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Briggs DT,Martin CB,Ingersoll SA,Barnum SR,Martin BK

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a critical relationship between oligodendrocyte development, myelin production, and iron bioavailability. Iron deficiency leads to hypomyelination both in humans and animal models, and the neurological sequelae of hypomyelination are significant. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms of iron import in...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Todorich B,Zhang X,Connor JR

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity is abundant in microglia, but the PTKs that participate in their activation have not been identified. For these studies, we used three paradigms to characterize PTK expression during microglial activation: resting and activated microglia were bulk fractionated from the adult brai...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Krady JK,Basu A,Levison SW,Milner RJ

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is considered to be a major factor in protection of nervous tissue against excitotoxic and ischemic/hypoxic lesion. Controversial reports about the localization of SOD after such an insult prompted us to re-investigate immunocytochemically the localization of the enzyme in the brain and spin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lindenau J,Noack H,Possel H,Asayama K,Wolf G

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) acts as a potent mitogen for several tumor types and has been reported to positively influence astrocytoma cell growth and motility. In the central nervous system, IGFII bioavailability is mainly modulated by insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), which sequestrate...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rorive S,Berton A,D'haene N,Takacs CN,Debeir O,Decaestecker C,Salmon I

更新日期：2008-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular purines are signaling molecules in the neurogenic niches of the brain and spinal cord, where they activate cell surface purinoceptors at embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Although mRNA and protein are expressed at NSCs/NPCs for almost all subtypes of the nucleot...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tang Y,Illes P

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rehabilitative therapies after stroke are designed to improve remodeling of neuronal circuits and to promote functional recovery. Only very little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms. In particular, the effects of rehabilitative training on glial cells, which play an important role in the pathophysiology...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Keiner S,Wurm F,Kunze A,Witte OW,Redecker C

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The β1-integrin subunit is highly expressed by embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and is critical for NSC maintenance in the developing nervous system, but its role in the adult hippocampal niche remains unexplored...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Brooker SM,Bond AM,Peng CY,Kessler JA

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the vertebrate brain, much remains to be understood concerning the origin of glial cell diversity and the potential lineage relationships between the various types of glia. Besides astrocytes and myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, other macroglial cell populations are found in discrete areas of the central nervous sy...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Virard I,Coquillat D,Bancila M,Kaing S,Durbec P

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00