Abstract：
:We hypothesized that the structure of systemic arteries would be altered following 10-14 wk of hindlimb unloading (tail suspension) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Tail suspension resulted in atrophy of the soleus muscle (P < or = 0.01) but no significant differences in the mass of the extensor digitorum muscle, heart, or adrenal glands. In anesthetized rats, there was no difference between groups in arterial pressure (approximately 60 mm Hg). The corresponding maximal (topical papaverine) external diameter (ED) of femoral arteries (N = 5 per group) was reduced (P < or = 0.05) in tail suspended (TS, 511 +/- 47 microm, mean +/- SD) compared with cage sedentary (CS, 615 +/- 89 microm) and food restricted weight-paired (FR, 643 +/- 61 microm) groups. Neither hematocrit, red cell, plasma, nor total blood volume differed among groups. Following systemic vasodilation with papaverine, progressive arterial inflation with liquid silicon rubber (Microfil) revealed a reduction in both ED and distensibility of the femoral artery (P < or = 0.05). To determine the effects of tail suspension on systemic arterial morphology, the vasculature of additional rats was perfusion fixed at 80 mm Hg during vasodilation. Cross sections (thickness, 8 microm) of the carotid, axillary, iliac, and femoral arteries were then evaluated. Whereas the internal diameter of femoral arteries was smaller in TS than in CS (P < 0.05), no differences were observed for other vessels among groups. Further, arterial wall thickness increased systemically (overall, P < 0.05; carotid, 24%, P < 0.01; femoral, 28%, P < 0.01) following tail suspension. These findings illustrate adaptation in the structure of conduit arteries to prolonged tail suspension, with diameter altered regionally and wall thickness increased systemically. We suggest that chronic changes in activity patterns can influence arterial structure.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Chew HG Jr,Segal SSdoi
10.1097/00005768-199710000-00005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-10-01 00:00:00pages
1304-10issue
10eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Endocrine effects of self-administration of high doses of anabolic steroids and testosterone were investigated in five power athletes during 26 wk of training, and for the following 12-16 wk after drug withdrawal. After 26 wk of anabolic steroid and testosterone administration, serum testosterone concentrations had in...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether the magnitude of improvement in athletic performance and the mechanisms driving these adaptations differ in relatively weak individuals exposed to either ballistic power training or heavy strength training. METHODS:Relatively weak men (n = 24) who could perform the back squat with proficie...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d2013a
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is commonly believed that exposure to cold environmental temperatures depresses immune function and increases the risk for infection. This review paper will 1) present an overview of human physiological responses to cold exposure, 2) present the human studies examining the effects of cold exposure on immune respons...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005768-200212000-00023
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estimates of muscular efficiency in competitive and recreational cyclists at similar work intensities and cycling frequencies were examined. Twelve healthy college-age male nonsmoker volunteers were grouped as either competitive (CC; N = 6) or recreational (RC; N = 6) cyclists based upon previous cycling experience. S...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199611000-00008
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a table tennis player suffering from intra-articular loose bodies of the elbow is reported. The patient developed the first signs of osteochondritis dissecans of the right lateral humeral condyle at age 16 but underwent surgery only 6 yr later. He has now resumed training and competition, despite some resi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that television watching and physical activity are related to obesity. This association, however, has been investigated mainly in children. This study provided the opportunity to examine the relationship between television watching, physical activity, and body mass index in adult Pima Indians, a ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199707000-00010
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examines heavy episodic alcohol consumption and associated harms in collegiate athletes in the United States. The factors which may promote or deter such use are explored. METHODS:Randomly selected students in a nationally representative sample of 4-yr colleges in the United States completed self-re...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200101000-00008
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Current athlete-specific protein recommendations are based almost exclusively on research in males. PURPOSE:Using the minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation technique, we determined the daily protein intake that maximizes whole-body protein synthesis (PS) and net protein balance (NB) after exer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001832
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of physiological responses, classified as local or central factors, have been suggested as providing the primary input for perception of effort during exercise. The potency of these responses as perceptual cues, however, has seldom been addressed in terms of relevant modifying variables such as exercise inte...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to test whether environmental hypoxia could potentiate the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. METHODS:Fourteen adolescents with obesity were assigned to 6 wk of exercise training either in normoxic or in hypoxic conditions (FiO2 15%). Adolescents traine...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001694
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Physical exercise or hypoxic exposure influences hemorheology and acid-base homeostasis. Band 3 protein in erythrocytes modulates cells' rheological properties and anion transport ability. This study investigated how cycling aerobic interval training (AIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) affect the rheol...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000730
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The chronic exposure at high altitude (HA) represents an ideal model for evaluating the in vivo effects of hypobaric hypoxia. Taking advantage of the EV-K2-CNR Pyramid, this study was designed to evaluate whether acute and chronic hypoxia differently modulates the in vivo immune responses. METHODS:The study in...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000162688.54089.ce
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A 20-d 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest project was conducted to evaluate the effect of dynamic leg press and plantar flexion resistance training on muscle size and function in human plantar flexors (PF) throughout the prolonged bed rest. METHODS:Twelve healthy men participated in this study and were divided ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000058367.66796.35
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to test whether incident kidney cancer risk is associated with exercise energy expenditure (i.e., metabolic equivalents, 1 MET) when calculated from distance walked or run. METHODS:Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from Cox proportional hazard analyses of self-reported p...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a4e89c
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:For treatment of various knee disorders, muscles are trained in open or closed kinetic chain tasks. Coordination between the heads of the quadriceps muscle is important for stability and optimal joint loading for both the tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral joint. The aim of this study was to examine whether th...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000099107.03704.AE
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the wet suit effect on 8 swimmers and 8 triathletes. For swimmers, the performances of a 400-m swim with and without wet suit were not statistically different (4 min 12.5 +/- 8 s vs 4 min 13.9 +/- 4 s) while for triathletes the swim times were reduced by 19 s (4 ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Trunk control is essential in ballet and may be compromised in dancers with a history of low back pain (LBP) by associated changes in motor control. This study aimed to compare trunk mechanical properties between professional ballet dancers with and without a history of LBP. As a secondary aim, we assessed whet...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000594
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the reliability and validity of the School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation System (SHAPES) physical activity questionnaire, a machine-readable questionnaire designed to collect data from all students in a school from grades 6 to 12 and to provide feedback to the school for planning and evalu...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000227539.58916.35
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune response was assessed in 13 competitive bodybuilders self-administering anabolic-androgenic steroids and ten competitive bodybuilders not administering these drugs. Laboratory assessment included the number and relative distribution of T-cells, T-helper/inducer cells, T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells, activated...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition and physical fitness at a 12-month follow-up in healthy Swedish 4-yr-old children. METHODS:The data from the population-based MINISTOP trial were collected ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001313
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal muscle is characterized by its ability to dynamically adapt to variable levels of functional demands. During periods of insufficient training stimulus, muscular detraining occurs. This may be characterized by a decreased capillary density, which could take place within 2--3 wk of inactivity. Arterial-venous o...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005768-200108000-00009
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is becoming a popular tool to measure body composition in athletes, owing to its ease of operation and comprehensive analysis of body composition. This study represents the first systematic investigation of the reliability of DXA measurements of body composition in trained...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318228b60e
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The performance of the Caltrac accelerometer was studied in elementary school-age children under field and laboratory conditions. In Study 1, 35 children (20 boys, 15 girls, mean age = 10.8 yr) wore the accelerometer and a heart rate (HR) monitor for 2 d. Caltrac activity counts per hour were compared to the mean "act...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-199010000-00023
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The development of valid measures of built environments relevant for physical activity is an important step toward controlling the global epidemic of physical inactivity-related noncommunicable diseases and deaths. This study assessed the construct validity of a self-report neighborhood environment walkability ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001131
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study was conducted to determine the effect of high pedaling cadences on maximal cycling power output (W(max)). METHODS:Nine well-trained cyclists performed a continuous, incremental cycle-ergometer test to exhaustion (25 W increases every 3 min) either at 80, 100, or 120 rpm on three different occasions....
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000218139.46166.ec
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objectives of this study were 1) to examine the differences between a noninjured (C) cohort of runners (N = 70) and runners afflicted with anterior knee pain (AKP) according to selected training, anthropometric, rearfoot motion, ground reaction force, and muscular strength and endurance variables; 2) to exp...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200011000-00003
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The midfoot is instrumental to foot function; however, quantifying its roles in human movement has been difficult. A forceful dynamic activity like landing may help elucidate the midfoot's contribution to foot energetics and function. The main purpose of this study was to measure midtarsal joint kinematics and ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001765
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Walk/Run Scale of Perceived Exertion was examined using young adult women and men (18-36 yr). METHODS:Concurrent validity was established by correlating OMNI-Walk/Run Scale ratings of perceived exertion (RPE-OMNI) with oxygen uptake (VO2), relative maximal oxygen u...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000142310.97274.94
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Body composition has become a major field of interest for many exercise and sport scientists as well as clinicians who specialize in the prevention of and rehabilitation from hypokinetic diseases. This paper discusses the state of the art within selected areas of body composition, identifying significant areas of cont...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare pacing and performance of schoolchildren between running tasks where the end point was defined in units of either distance or time. METHODS:Thirty-eight schoolchildren (age = 12.6 ± 0.5 yr, mass = 46.2 ± 7.5 kg, stature = 150 ± 7 cm) first performed a best-effort 750-m running task on a 150-m runnin...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318271edfb
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
