Abstract:
:Body composition has become a major field of interest for many exercise and sport scientists as well as clinicians who specialize in the prevention of and rehabilitation from hypokinetic diseases. This paper discusses the state of the art within selected areas of body composition, identifying significant areas of controversy and proposing specific problems where research should be focused. The areas addressed include the following: the use of body density to estimate relative body fat in selected populations, the use of anthropometric equations to estimate body composition, body composition assessment for profiling and counseling athletes, and alterations in appetite and body composition resulting from acute bouts of exercise and from exercise training.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Wilmore JHsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-01-01 00:00:00pages
21-31issue
1eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE:Circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) comprise multiple subpopulations of exercise-inducible peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that promote angiogenesis and maintain endothelial integrity. We examined the effect of acute maximal exercise on CD31, CD62E, CD14/CD31, CD34/VEGFR2, CD3/CD31, and CD3 PBMC in you...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001029
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Strenuous exercise induces significant increases in cardiac biomarkers. However, it is still unclear whether this is caused by cardiomyocyte necrosis or secondary mechanisms such as ischemia, cardiac energy deficiency, increased inflammation, or renal dysfunction. METHODS:Therefore, we investigated cardia...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821b12eb
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Competitive female athletes restrict energy intake and increase exercise energy expenditure frequently resulting in ovarian suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ovarian suppression and energy deficit on swimming performance (400-m swim velocity). METHODS:Menstrual status w...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a32b72
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purposes of this study were to evaluate (a) the effects of step rate and upper body support on the VO2 and HR responses to fixed work rates on the StairMaster 4000 (SM), (b) the accuracy of the SM settings, and (c) how HR compared with that measured during grade-walking on a treadmill. Six subjects worked at a slo...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of muscle activity level on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after high-force eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. METHODS:Twenty-six male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups for a 4-d treatment period after exercise: immobi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200009000-00011
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poliomyelitis is an acute viral disease that attacks the brain and the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Damage to the lower motor neurons usually results in atrophy and weakness of muscle groups, perhaps paralysis and possibly deformity. A second type, bulbar poliomyelitis, infects the medulla oblongata and may result...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:High internal stress is considered to be a possible cause of heel-pad problems. External biomechanical measurements are used to attempt to understand the causes of heel pain. However, internal stress cannot be measured experimentally. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Increasing step rate has been shown to elicit changes in joint kinematics and kinetics during running, and it has been suggested as a possible rehabilitation strategy for runners with patellofemoral pain. The purpose of this study was to determine how altering step rate affects internal muscle forces and patell...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a78c3a
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular responses were obtained during cycling with graded levels of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) applied to the exercising limbs. Seven men performed four incremental work rate (25 W.min-1) exercise (IWREx) tests to their limit of tolerance while exposed to 0, 15, 30, or 45 Torr LBPP. They also performe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-199406000-00008
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Habitual running has been associated with reduced risk of cataract development in one prospective study. The purposes of the current analyses were to provide further evidence of this potentially important benefit of vigorous exercise and to test whether moderate exercise (e.g., walking) provides as significant ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828121d0
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate energy balance and body composition in 42 gymnasts (mean age = 15.5 yr) and 20 runners (mean age = 26.6 yr), all of whom were on national teams or were nationally ranked. METHODS:Athletes were assessed for body composition using DEXA and skinfolds, and energy balance w...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200003000-00017
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This document provides an overview of selected medical issues that are important to team physicians who are responsible for the care and treatment of athletes. It is not intended as a standard of care and should not be interpreted as such. This document is only a guide and, as such, is of a general nature, consistent ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818acdcb
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A twin design was used to test whether the association between exercise behavior and heart rate and the association between exercise behavior and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) derive from a common genetic factor. METHODS:Data were available from 157 adolescent (aged 13-22) and 208 middle-aged twin pairs (...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000079073.20399.11
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Clinical treatment in physical rehabilitation routinely uses perceived relative forces. PURPOSE:This study used psychophysical methods to quantify subjects' errors during submaximal muscular force production. METHODS:A sample of young adult (aged 23 +/- 3 yr) females (N = 60, 62 +/- 14 kg) and males (N = 5...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00028
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The accurate determination of limitations in physical activity is important in evaluating patients with heart failure and in assessing the efficacy of treatment. However, the conventional measures used to evaluate hemodynamics, functional class, and exercise capacity all have limitations. Our objective was to...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199901000-00010
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Elevated rates of cardiometabolic diseases have been observed in former American football players. The current study sought to determine whether change in body mass index (ΔBMI) after retirement influences the prevalence of CHD, diabetes, or high blood pressure (HBP) in former professional football players. ME...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001492
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the hypothesis that leg blood flow and leg O2 extraction during peak exercise are reduced with age in healthy normally active women. METHODS:Thirteen younger (20-27 yr) and 12 older (60-71 yr) nonendurance trained women performed graded upright leg cycling to maximum exertion (VO2peak), while leg blood...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000121951.10417.b5
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise represents the primary countermeasure used during spaceflight to maintain or restore maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), musculoskeletal structure, and orthostatic function. However, no single exercise or combination of prescriptions has proven entirely effective in restoring cardiovascular and musculoskeletal...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005768-199608000-00010
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the effects of age, gender, and ethnicity on the predicted aerobic power of youth as they age from 8 to 16 yr. METHODS:The sample was a multicohort group of 2540 African Americans (N = 543) and Caucasians (N = 1997), 1279 (50.4%) girls and 1261 (49.6%) boys. Heights, weights, and sum of skin folds...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200201000-00022
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle force can be transmitted via connective tissues to neighboring muscles. The goal of this research is to determine the extent to which this effects force summation between synergists during physiological conditions. This manuscript reviews two studies examining the interaction between synergists in cat hindlimb....
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318183c0c3
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose was to evaluate tandem gait (TG), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) performance acutely after concussion in collegiate student-athletes. In addition, we sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of TG, including minimal detectable change (MDC...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001540
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatigue can be defined as the failure to maintain an expected power output. This is often an antecedent to some sports-related injury. It is important for those involved in physical performance to be familiar with the variety of mechanisms which can lead to fatigue. All too often, a single factor is described as the c...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cold-water immersion (CWI) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) are widely used recovery methods in an attempt to limit exercise-induced muscle damage, soreness, and functional deficits after strenuous exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ecologically valid CWI and WBC protocols on postexer...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001223
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Power training plays an essential part in many sport disciplines. The importance of eccentric power training remains a matter of controversial discussion. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the difference in metabolic reaction between eccentric and concentric stress in comparable work. ME...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200105000-00018
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The study purposes were 1) to study the differences between perceived exertion measured by a generic (/10) or an individualized (/max value obtained during the test) score on the OMNI cycle scale (OMNImax and OMNI10) and the actual effort (peak oxygen consumption) at different stages of a maximal cycling test i...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827bd397
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and maximal contraction strength of the human quadriceps femoris muscle. METHODS:Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in your highly physical active males (N = 7). The MHC composition of...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199808000-00006
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Exercise appears to offer protection against weight gain, perhaps related to its effects on fat metabolism. Previous work in rats has shown that interventions resulting in a negative energy balance lead to alterations in the trafficking of dietary fat. This study was undertaken to determine whether exercise aft...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200211000-00011
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study evaluated the predictive validity of three previously published ActiGraph energy expenditure (EE) prediction equations developed for children and adolescents. METHODS:A total of 45 healthy children and adolescents (mean age: 13.7 +/- 2.6 yr) completed four 5-min activity trials (normal walking, bris...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000183848.25845.e0
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a 6" digital caliper and a 20x viewing microscope to measure hematocrit (HCT) from microhematocrit tubes. The reliability and validity of the digital caliper technique (DC) was simultaneously compared with that of the conventional "turntable" style mi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The effects of glargine/glulisine insulin regimen on exercise blood glucose (BG) and strategies to limit exercise-induced hypoglycemia are not well documented. Intermittent high-intensity exercise has been proposed to prevent hypoglycemia, but its effect in participants with type 1 diabetes using glargine/...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826c6ad3
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00