Abstract：
PURPOSE:Habitual running has been associated with reduced risk of cataract development in one prospective study. The purposes of the current analyses were to provide further evidence of this potentially important benefit of vigorous exercise and to test whether moderate exercise (e.g., walking) provides as significant and equivalent reduction in cataract risk as vigorous exercise (e.g., running). METHODS:Cox proportional hazard analyses of self-reported, physician-diagnosed incident cataracts versus baseline energy expenditure (METs) in 32,610 runners and 14,917 walkers during a 6.2-yr follow-up. Results are reported as hazard ratios (HR), percent risk reductions (100 (HR - 1)), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS:Runners and walkers reported 733 and 1074 incident cataracts during follow-up, respectively. When adjusted for sex, race, age, education, smoking, and intakes of meat, fruit, and alcohol, lower cataract risk was significantly associated with both running (HR = 0.960 per MET·h·d, 95% CI 0.935-0.986) and walking (HR = 0.918 per MET·h·d, 95% CI = 0.881-0.956), with no significant difference in the risk reduction per MET-hours per day between running and walking or between men and women. Compared with running or walking at or below guideline levels (≤1.8 MET·h·d), incident cataract risk was significantly lower for running or walking 1.8-3.6 (16.4% lower, 95% CI = 6.4%-25.3%), 3.6-5.4 (19.0% lower, 95% CI = 5.6%-30.4%), 5.4-7.2 (26.2% lower, 95% CI = 11.2%-38.7%), 7.2-9.0 (34.1% lower, 95% CI = 10.0%-51.2%), and ≥9 MET·h·d (41.6% lower, 95% CI = 19.8%-57.4%). CONCLUSION:Moderate (walking) and vigorous (running) exercise were both significantly associated with lower cataract risk and their effects similar. Cataract risk appears to decrease linearly with increasing exercise energy expenditure through 9 MET·h·d.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Williams PTdoi
10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828121d0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
1089-96issue
6eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether high frequency fatigue was present in the diaphragm after intense whole body endurance exercise. METHODS:We used bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation (BPNS) before and during recovery from whole body exercise to detect fatigue in the diaphragm. To detect high f...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199804000-00006
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate muscle deoxygenation and neural drive-related changes during repeated cycling sprints in a fatiguing context. METHODS:Nine healthy male subjects performed a repeated-sprint test (consisting of 10 x 6-s maximal sprints interspaced by 30 s of recovery). Oxygen uptake was measured breath-by-breath;...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000251775.46460.cb
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined whether plasma total glutathione levels could explain the intersubject variability in the creatine kinase (CK) response to eccentric exercise. We hypothesized that the increase in plasma CK activity after eccentric exercise would be lower for individuals with low plasma total glutathione (<2...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000069553.47739.36
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pedometry methods for collecting data in young populations are advancing, but it is unclear how many days of data are enough for population monitoring. METHODS:Using random-digit dialing, 11,669 5- to 19-yr-olds were recruited into the Canadian Physical Activity Levels among Youth study and mailed a data co...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b67544
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to exercise in a group of patients with unexplained dyspnea, increased risk for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP; >30 mm Hg) on exercise. METHODS:A total of 37 symptomatic patients at risk of PA...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318204cdac
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used an algebraic model of resting heart rate (HRr), HRr-mn (HRo), to compare resting parasympathetic (n) and sympathetic (m) influence, intrinsic heart rate (HRo), and resting autonomic balance (Abal) in ten endurance-trained (ET) and ten nontrained (NT) men. The values of m, n, and Abal were determined by selecti...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198902000-00008
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The present study examined the effect of extreme old age on the plasticity of the rat plantaris muscle in response to an increase in mechanical load. METHODS:Male Fischer 344 rats, aged 7 months (adult) and 25 months (old) underwent bilateral surgical ablation of the gastrocnemius muscle to functionally overlo...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200207000-00010
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaerobic threshold (AT) and Vo2max were determined by automated analysis for 25 members of the 1980 U.S. Olympic Rowing Team during a progressive rowing ergometer exercise to exhaustion. Heart rates and power outputs were also measured to gauge severity of the exercise and to compare with metabolic data. Power increm...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198206000-00006
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In order to investigate overtraining-related adaptations in the autonomic nervous system, cardiac autonomic activity was examined in a junior cross-country skier who presented with reduced performance in competitions, early breathlessness during training sessions, and accumulated central fatigue. METHODS:Power...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200009000-00001
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine male and five female college students were tested on four occasions to determine the effects of various exhaustive weightlifting stimuli on forearm blood flow as measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Maximum voluntary dynamic wrist curl strength was determined in the first session, which was followed by rando...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To compare the physiological response to a cocaine-exercise challenge in cocaine-conditioned animals with that of acute-cocaine animals, rats were injected i.p. with either cocaine (20 mg.kg-1) or saline, twice daily for 14 consecutive days. On the 15th day (test day) cocaine-conditioned rats received an i.v. injectio...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to validate a parent proxy record of children's physical activity with CSA Model 7164 accelerometers. METHODS:A parent proxy record was developed to record children's activity after school on weekdays and all day long on weekends for 7 d. Parents recorded both duration and in...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000174906.38722.2e
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight older (52 to 62 yr old) post-menopausal and 8 younger (20 to 30 yr old) women were matched with respect to body size, fatness, and maximal oxygen consumption, heat-acclimated, and then exercised at 35 to 40% maximal oxygen consumption in a warm-humid (37 degrees C, 60% relative humidity) environment. Results wer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198820020-00009
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Interactive video game exercise leads to improved exercise adherence and health-related physical fitness in comparison to traditional stationary cycling. It has been postulated that interactive video game exercise has greater metabolic requirements than traditional cycling; however, this has not been tested ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819012bd
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:One approach to studying the effects of aging on physiological functional capacity (PFC) in humans is to analyze the peak physical performance of trained athletes with increasing age. The primary aim of the present study was to determine weightlifting and powerlifting performance with increasing age in both men...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000106283.34742.BE
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The vascular endothelium plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular health and the modulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Recently, it has been demonstrated that blood pressure reactivity to physical activity is greater in the morning, and possibly, diurnal variation in vascular functi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318195109c
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different volumes of high-intensity resistance training on isometric torque and muscle thickness. Training was conducted three times per week using one set (low volume, EX-1, N = 18) or three sets (high volume, EX-3, N = 20) of dynamic variable resistance exerc...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199610000-00016
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventilatory threshold (VT) has been suggested as a method for determining exercise training intensity in cardiac transplant patients (CTPs). Since the VT has not been validated against the more accepted marker of the anaerobic threshold, the lactate threshold (LT), in CTPs, the purpose of this investigation was to...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Controversy surrounds whether running mechanics make good predictors of running economy (RE) with little known about the development of an economical running gait. PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to identify if mechanical or physiological variables changed during 10 wk of running in beginners and whether ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318255a727
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess reliability and validity of the 7-d physical activity recall (PAR) in 60- to 80-yr-old men from urban and rural homes in the southeastern United States. METHODS:Two hundred twenty 60- to 80-yr-old men (29% minority ethnicity) from Veterans Affairs primary care clinics completed two PAR interviews at ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000139893.65189.f2
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Walk/Run Scale of Perceived Exertion was examined using young adult women and men (18-36 yr). METHODS:Concurrent validity was established by correlating OMNI-Walk/Run Scale ratings of perceived exertion (RPE-OMNI) with oxygen uptake (VO2), relative maximal oxygen u...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000142310.97274.94
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This is the first study to use the quiet eye (QE) as an objective measure of visuomotor control underpinning proficiency differences in children's motor coordination. METHODS:Fifty-seven, year 5 primary school children (9-10 yr old) completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828288f1
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The performance of the Caltrac accelerometer was studied in elementary school-age children under field and laboratory conditions. In Study 1, 35 children (20 boys, 15 girls, mean age = 10.8 yr) wore the accelerometer and a heart rate (HR) monitor for 2 d. Caltrac activity counts per hour were compared to the mean "act...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-199010000-00023
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Compelling evidence suggests larger performance decrements during hypoxic versus normoxic repeated sprinting. Yet the underlying mechanical alterations have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we examined the effects of different levels of normobaric hypoxia on running mechanical performance during rep...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000937
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical performance (static and dynamic) of U.S. Air Force reservists after an eastbound air travel across seven time zones and to estimate the pharmacological aids slow-release caffeine and melatonin versus placebo in attempt to overcome the decline in performance. M...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-200104000-00018
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Physically active women have a reduced risk of breast cancer, but the dose of activity necessary and the role of energy balance and other potential mechanisms have not been fully explored in animal models. We examined treadmill and wheel running effects on mammary tumorigenesis and biomarkers in p53-deficient (...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819f1f05
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data obtained from 16-mm film of world caliber Olympic weight lifters performing at major competitions were analyzed to study energy changes during body segment and barbell movements, energy transfer to the barbell, and energy transfer between segments during the lifting movements contested. Determination of barbell a...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:High school cross-country runners have a high incidence of injury, particularly at the shin and knee. An increased step rate during running has been shown to reduce impact forces and loading of the lower extremity joints. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine step rate as a risk factor for injury...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000890
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to determine whether physical activity patterns are associated with sleep later at night and if nighttime sleep is associated with physical activity patterns the next day among adult women. METHODS:Women (N = 353) living throughout the United States wore a wrist and a hip accelerometer for 7 d...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001000
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to identify anatomical variables associated with plantar-fasciitis sufferers. Selected anatomical variables which were chosen for measurement were leg length, pronation of the subtalar joint, plantar and dorsiflexion ability, and arch height of the foot, as well as the variables height, w...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
