Abstract:
PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate energy balance and body composition in 42 gymnasts (mean age = 15.5 yr) and 20 runners (mean age = 26.6 yr), all of whom were on national teams or were nationally ranked. METHODS:Athletes were assessed for body composition using DEXA and skinfolds, and energy balance was determined with a Computerized Time-Line Energy Analysis (CTLEA) procedure. RESULTS:Results from the CTLEA were assessed as the number of within-day energy deficits (largest and frequency) and within-day energy surpluses (largest and frequency). There was a significant difference (P = 0.000) in the mean number of hourly energy deficits > 300 kcal experienced by gymnasts (9.45 +/- 6.00) and runners (3.70 +/- 5.34). There was also a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the mean number of hourly energy surpluses > 300 kcal experienced by gymnasts (1.40 +/- 3.04) and runners (6.20 +/- 5.50). The mean largest daily energy deficit was 743 (+/- 392) kcal for gymnasts and 435 (+/- 340) kcal for runners. The mean largest daily energy surplus was 239 (+/- 219) kcal for gymnasts, and 536 (+/- 340) kcal for runners. There was a significant relationship between the number of daily energy deficits > 300 kcal and DEXA-derived body fat percent for gymnasts (r = 0.508; P = 0.001) and for runners (r = 0.461; P = 0.041). There was also a negative relationship between the largest daily energy surplus and DEXA-derived body fat percentage for gymnasts (r = -0.418; P = 0.003). Using the energy balance variables, age, and athlete type (artistic gymnast, rhythmic gymnast, middle-distance runner, long-distance runner) as independent variables in a forward stepwise regression analysis, a small but significant amount of variance was explained in DEXA-derived (P = 0.000; R2 = 0.309) and skinfold-derived (P = 0.000; R2 = 0.298) body fat percent by the number of energy deficits > 300 kcal and age. CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that within-day energy deficits (measured by frequency and/or magnitude of deficit) are associated with higher body fat percentage in both anaerobic and aerobic elite athletes, possibly from an adaptive reduction in the REE. These data should discourage athletes from following restrained or delayed eating patterns to achieve a desired body composition.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Deutz RC,Benardot D,Martin DE,Cody MMdoi
10.1097/00005768-200003000-00017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-03-01 00:00:00pages
659-68issue
3eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To test whether strenuous exercise with and without caloric restriction alters LH secretion, and whether these changes are apparent in the immediate post-exercise period, LH pulse parameters were studied in four moderately trained eumenorrheic women over three successive menstrual cycles. Blood samples were obtained 5...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the reliability of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) obtained using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and biceps brachii muscles. METHODS:Fourteen college subjects attended the laboratory on three separate days. TMS was used to obtain MEP with the subject r...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000139804.02576.6a
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:the objective of this study was to characterize the biomechanical effects of step rate modification during running on the hip, knee, and ankle joints so as to evaluate a potential strategy to reduce lower extremity loading and risk for injury. METHODS:three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded fro...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ebedf4
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of early outpatient exercise on muscle mass, function, and fractional synthetic rate in severely burned children. METHODS:Forty-seven children with ≥40% total body surface area burn performed a 12-wk standard of care rehabilitation (SOC, n = 23) or rehabil...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000296
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To measure the influence of vitamin E ingestion on oxidative stress and immune changes in response to the Triathlon World Championship in Kona, Hawaii. METHODS:Thirty-eight triathletes received vitamin E (VitE) (800 IU x d(-1) alpha-tocopherol) or placebo (Pla) capsules in randomized, double-blind fashion for ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000135778.57355.ca
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the prevalence of full-thickness focal chondral defects in the athlete's knee. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review of multiple databases, evaluating studies of the prevalence of articular cartilage defects in athletes. Because of the heterogeneity of data, a meta-analysis could not be perform...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d9eea0
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the effects of prolonged systemic administration of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on objective indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. METHODS:Fifty-four volunteers (mean age, 26.4 yr; range, 18-35) participated in this randomized double-blind, pla...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200007000-00001
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Caffeine is an exercise performance enhancer widely used by individuals engaged in training or competition under heat-stressed conditions. Caffeine ingestion during exercise in the heat is believed to be safe, since it does not greatly affect body temperature responses, heart rate or body fluid status. How...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002537
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:For treatment of various knee disorders, muscles are trained in open or closed kinetic chain tasks. Coordination between the heads of the quadriceps muscle is important for stability and optimal joint loading for both the tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral joint. The aim of this study was to examine whether th...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000099107.03704.AE
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Theoretically, critical torque (CT) is the maximal isometric torque that can be maintained without fatigue, and anaerobic work capacity (AWC) is the total "isometric work" associated with stored energy sources within the muscle. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to determine whether there we...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ab8cc0
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active recovery (AR) on plasma lactate concentration [La] and anaerobic power output as measured during repeated bouts of intense exercise (6 s) against increasing braking forces. Ten male subjects performed two randomly assigned exercise trials: one with a 5...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-199604000-00009
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The study's purpose was to examine the effects of a short-term period with intensified training or training cessation of trained soccer players on VO(2) kinetics at 75% maximal aerobic speed, oxidative enzymes, and performance in repeated high-intensity exercise. METHODS:After the last match of the season, 18 ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318211c01a
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study compared the ActiGraph accelerometer model 7164 (AM1) with the ActiGraph GT1M (AM2) during self-paced locomotion. METHODS:Participants (n = 116, aged 18-73 yr, mean body mass index = 26.1 kg x m(-2)) walked at self-selected slow, medium, and fast speeds around an indoor circular hallway (0.47 km). B...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c29e90
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether physical performance adaptation is impaired in smokers during early stages of military training and to examine some of the putative mechanistic candidates that could explain any impairment. METHODS:We examined measures of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA], lipid hydroperoxides), infl...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002224
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Prolonged sitting time (ST) is associated with higher mortality. However, previous studies used only a single measure of ST at baseline, so they could not directly assess the effect of continued exposure to high ST, or of changes in ST, on mortality. We prospectively assessed the association of continued sedent...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182897e87
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper introduces the terminology and application of parameter estimation techniques for clarifying models of pulmonary gas-exchange control dynamics. Results are given of modeled first-order systems, and the extension of such models to higher orders is discussed with examples. It is emphasized that justification ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) comprise multiple subpopulations of exercise-inducible peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that promote angiogenesis and maintain endothelial integrity. We examined the effect of acute maximal exercise on CD31, CD62E, CD14/CD31, CD34/VEGFR2, CD3/CD31, and CD3 PBMC in you...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001029
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Exercise has been well documented to exert a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. The effective control of arterial pressure (BP) is essential from the standpoint of cardiovascular prevention. So far, no study has determined the long-term effect of regular training as a monotherapy on both BP at rest and...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000106173.81966.90
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Considerable evidence suggests regular physical activity can reduce chronic pain symptoms. The dysfunction of endogenous facilitatory and inhibitory systems has been implicated in multiple chronic pain conditions. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between levels of physical activity and...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a69cf1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study focused on age and physical activity as determinants of muscle strength. The study involved 620 women 25-73 yr of age. The five muscle groups assessed were: grip, plantarflexors, hip abductors, trunk flexors, and trunk extensors. Pearson correlations yielded significant negative correlations of muscle stren...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six adult females with normal menstrual cycles (28-31 d in length) volunteered to exercise on a bicycle ergometer on five different days of their menstrual cycles (days 2, 8, 14, 20, and 26; day 1 = onset of menstruation). Each day the subjects exercised at a maximum work load (184.4 W) and at four submaximal exercise...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite the widespread utilization of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) in the evaluation of concussion, it has been criticized for its error-based scoring that is susceptible to floor and ceiling effects and substantial inter-rater variability. A biomechanical outcome, Cleveland Clinic Postural Stab...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001660
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The knee joints of 81 veteran soccer players between ages 40 and 74 were examined. An analysis of and relationships between soccer practice at a top level, osteoarthritis, meniscectomy, and leg axes were evaluated. One-hundred and sixty-two knees were assessed through clinical examination and X-ray examination using a...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-198508000-00005
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the maximum oxygen uptake V0(2max) of elite endurance athletes and to explain why the body mass exponent, necessary to render V0(2max) independent of body mass, appears to be greater than 0.67. METHODS:Study 1: V0(2max) of 174 international sportsmen and women was assessed. Athletes were recruited f...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000053728.12929.5D
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is present in epidemic proportions in adults of industrialized societies and is associated with a markedly increased risk of developing numerous cardiovascular pathologies. There is a continuing debate as to the efficacy of aggressive pharmacological therapy in individuals with mild to moderate elevations...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Controversy surrounds whether running mechanics make good predictors of running economy (RE) with little known about the development of an economical running gait. PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to identify if mechanical or physiological variables changed during 10 wk of running in beginners and whether ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318255a727
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It has been well established in mammals that circadian behavior as well as the molecular clockwork can be synchronized to the light-dark cycle via the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN). In addition to light, it has been demonstrated that nonphotic time cues, such as restricting the time of food ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318255cf4c
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight older (52 to 62 yr old) post-menopausal and 8 younger (20 to 30 yr old) women were matched with respect to body size, fatness, and maximal oxygen consumption, heat-acclimated, and then exercised at 35 to 40% maximal oxygen consumption in a warm-humid (37 degrees C, 60% relative humidity) environment. Results wer...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-198820020-00009
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A statistical method called "magnitude-based inference" (MBI) has gained a following in the sports science literature, despite concerns voiced by statisticians. Its proponents have claimed that MBI exhibits superior type I and type II error rates compared with standard null hypothesis testing for most cases. I ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001645
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Approximately 6500 high school football athletes are treated annually for exertional heat illness (EHI). In 2009, the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA)-led Inter-Association Task Force (NATA-IATF) released preseason heat acclimatization guidelines to help athletes become accustomed to environmental ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a11f45
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00