Abstract：
PURPOSE:To determine whether physical performance adaptation is impaired in smokers during early stages of military training and to examine some of the putative mechanistic candidates that could explain any impairment. METHODS:We examined measures of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA], lipid hydroperoxides), inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), antioxidants (vitamins A and E and carotenes) and hormones (cortisol, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1) in 65 male British Army Infantry recruits (mean ± SD age, 21 ± 3 yr; mass, 75.5 ± 8.4 kg; height, 1.78 ± 0.07 m) at week 1, week 5, and week 10 of basic training. Physical performance (static lift, grip strength, jump height, 2.4 km run time, and 2-min press up and sit up scores) was examined and lower-leg muscle and adipose cross-sectional area and density measured by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. RESULTS:Basic military training, irrespective of smoking status, elicited improvement in all physical performance parameters (main time effect; P < 0.05) except grip strength and jump height, and resulted in increased muscle area and decreased fat area in the lower leg (P < 0.05). MDA was higher in smokers at baseline, and both MDA and C-reactive protein were greater in smokers during training (main group effect; P < 0.05) than nonsmokers. Absolute performance measures, muscle characteristics of the lower leg and other oxidative stress, antioxidant, endocrine, and inflammatory markers were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS:Oxidative stress and inflammation were elevated in habitual smokers during basic military training, but there was no clear evidence that this was detrimental to physical adaptation in this population over the timescale studied.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Siddall A,Bilzon J,Thompson D,Tauler P,Greeves J,Izard R,Stokes Kdoi
10.1249/MSS.0000000000002224subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-01 00:00:00pages
1201-1209issue
5eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Data from the general population suggest that habitual exercise decreases bronchial responsiveness, but the possible role of exercise in asthmatics is undefined. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast decreases bronchial responsiveness and exercise-induced symptoms in asthmatic children. This randomize...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31815d9670
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conflicting data on the alterations in the maximal exercise response to beta blockade (BB) may be the result of differences in the length of time the subject has been on medication, i.e., hours vs days. The purpose of this study was to examine maximal exercise responses during acute and chronic administration of BB. T...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships between physical activity, physical fitness, and coronary heart disease risk factors measured in a large community sample were evaluated. Self-reported physical activity using a single question, maximal oxygen consumption estimates derived from the Pawtucket Heart Health Step Test, blood pressure, no...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesized that the structure of systemic arteries would be altered following 10-14 wk of hindlimb unloading (tail suspension) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Tail suspension resulted in atrophy of the soleus muscle (P < or = 0.01) but no significant differences in the mass of the extensor digitorum muscle, heart,...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199710000-00005
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Maternal obesity is known to predispose the offspring to impaired glucose metabolism and obesity associated with low-grade inflammation and hypothalamic dysfunction. Because preventive approaches in this context are missing to date, we aimed to identify molecular mechanisms in the offspring that are affected by...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000835
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate effectively interventions to increase physical activity among older persons, reliable and valid measures of physical activity are required that can also detect the expected types of physical activity changes in this population. This paper describes a self-report physical activity questionnaire for o...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200107000-00010
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined whether the relation between of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and exercise intensities associated with the lactate threshold (LT) and blood lactate concentrations (BLC) of 2.5 and 4.0 mM, established with an incremental protocol, held during 30-min treadmill run at constant velocity (V). RPE (11.6, 1...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-199406000-00021
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A statistical method called "magnitude-based inference" (MBI) has gained a following in the sports science literature, despite concerns voiced by statisticians. Its proponents have claimed that MBI exhibits superior type I and type II error rates compared with standard null hypothesis testing for most cases. I ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001645
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Compare the influence of the chemoreflex on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses between children and adults. METHODS:Seventy children (35 boys and 35 girls) and 70 adults (35 men and 35 women) performed 30% maximal voluntary contraction static handgrip exercise (SHG) for 3 min, followed by 4 min ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000155400.14813.df
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an effort to determine whether chronic physical forearm activity would increase both structural and physiologic indices of peripheral forearm vasodilation, we studied a group (N = 7) of individuals chronically performing high levels of arm work, young wheelchair-confined paraplegics, and compared them with ten youn...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Investigate hemodynamic responses of resistance exercise (RE) with moderate load (i.e., international guidelines for RE of patients) versus RE with high load in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS:Medically stable male (n = 11) and female patients (n = 4) treated with PCI or percutaneous coron...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000811
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventilatory stimulating effects of hypoxia occurring at carotid bodies are potentiated by exercise. However, hypoxia also has central ventilatory depressive effects; the potential interactions between this hypoxic depression and exercise have not been studied. We examined the ventilatory response to a 20 min perio...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Red blood cells obtained from well-trained athletes consumed glucose at a higher rate than those from sedentary subjects when incubated in vitro in a glucose containing medium at 37 degrees C. Similar results were obtained when fructose was substituted for glucose, but not when galactose was the monosaccharide. The ut...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the physiological and performance adaptations between periodized and nonperiodized resistance training in women collegiate tennis athletes. METHODS:Thirty women (19 +/- 1 yr) were assigned to either a periodized resistance training group (P), nonperiodized training group (NV), or a control group (C)...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200301000-00024
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:A new accelerometer, the Kenz Lifecorder EX (LC; Suzuken Co. Ltd, Nagoya, Japan), offers promise as a feasible monitor alternative to the commonly used Actigraph (AG: Actigraph LLC, Fort Walton Beach, FL). PURPOSE:This study compared the LC and AG accelerometers and the Yamax SW-200 pedometer (DW) under fre...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e3180313056
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We develop an observation system that quantifies the duration, intensity, and frequency of children's physical activities. We use this system to assess the level and tempo of energy expenditure under free-ranging, natural conditions experienced by 15 children aged 6-10 yr in southern California. Observations were reco...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-199507000-00012
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of three different workplace interventions on long-term compliance, muscle strength gains, and neck/shoulder pain in office workers. METHODS:A 1-yr randomized controlled intervention trial was done with three groups: specific resistance training (SRT, n ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181676640
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:As adjuvant therapy for enhancing the effects of stimulants and thereby minimizing medication doses, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects of methylphenidate on the clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and brain activity of adolescents with at...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000373
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the aortic-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in eight average fit (AF: VO2max = 44.7 +/- 1.3 ml.kg-1 x min-1) and seven high fit (HF: VO2max = 64.1 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1 x kg-1) healthy young men during hypotension elicited by steady state sodium nitroprusside (SN) infusion. During SN mean arterial pressure (MAP) ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Cardiac aldosterone might be involved in the deleterious effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on the heart. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of cardiac aldosterone, by the pharmacological block of AT1 or mineralocorticoid receptors, on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. METHODS:Male Wistar rats were r...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318217e8b6
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Approximately 6500 high school football athletes are treated annually for exertional heat illness (EHI). In 2009, the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA)-led Inter-Association Task Force (NATA-IATF) released preseason heat acclimatization guidelines to help athletes become accustomed to environmental ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a11f45
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are new and powerful tools to study tissue biochemistry, and to provide precise anatomical visualization of soft tissue structures. This review focuses on the use of these techniques to study exercise-induced muscle injury. MRS measurements sho...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sensitization of mechanosensitive afferents, which contribute to the exercise pressor reflex, has been recognized as a characteristic of patients with heart failure (HF); however, the hemodynamic implications of this hypersensitivity are unclear. OBJECTIVES:The present study used passive leg movement (PLM) ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000782
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen untrained males, age 46 +/- 11 yr (mean +/- SD), were studied to determine the effects of 20 wk of strength training on lipoprotein-lipid profiles and post-heparin lipase activities. All subjects had abnormal lipoprotein-lipid profiles and at least two other risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). To co...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The chronic exposure at high altitude (HA) represents an ideal model for evaluating the in vivo effects of hypobaric hypoxia. Taking advantage of the EV-K2-CNR Pyramid, this study was designed to evaluate whether acute and chronic hypoxia differently modulates the in vivo immune responses. METHODS:The study in...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000162688.54089.ce
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The SenseWear Pro Armband (SWA) has been shown to be a valid and practical tool to assess energy expenditure (EE) in adults. However, recent studies have reported significant errors in EE estimates when the algorithms are applied to children. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of recently...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a071cf
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-intensity exercise (less than or equal to 50% VO2max) has been demonstrated to produce heat acclimation (HA) in trained subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether shorter-duration, moderate-intensity exercise would also result in HA. Nine trained runners performed two 9-d exercise heat-stress pro...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-199010000-00012
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Walking is likely to contribute substantially to nonexercise activity thermogenesis. The Tracmor triaxial accelerometer system (Maastricht, The Netherlands) is the most widely validated system for detecting body movement in free-living subjects. The aim of this study was to validate the Tracmor triaxial acceler...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200109000-00024
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine male and five female college students were tested on four occasions to determine the effects of various exhaustive weightlifting stimuli on forearm blood flow as measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Maximum voluntary dynamic wrist curl strength was determined in the first session, which was followed by rando...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purposes of this study were to evaluate (a) the effects of step rate and upper body support on the VO2 and HR responses to fixed work rates on the StairMaster 4000 (SM), (b) the accuracy of the SM settings, and (c) how HR compared with that measured during grade-walking on a treadmill. Six subjects worked at a slo...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
