Abstract:
:The authors examined the association of blood pressure with cognitive function as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a community-based Swedish cohort of 1,736 people aged 75-101 years. Age, sex, education, antihypertensive medication use, heart disease, and stroke were considered as covariates. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, measured in 1987-1989, were positively and significantly related to baseline MMSE score; baseline systolic pressure was also positively and significantly related to follow-up MMSE score, measured after an average period of 40.5 months among subjects who were not taking antihypertensive medication at baseline. Furthermore, in the nontreated group, multiple logistic regression showed that individuals with a baseline systolic pressure less than 130 mmHg had an odds ratio of 1.88 (p = 0.05) for follow-up cognitive impairment (MMSE score < 24) compared with those whose systolic pressure was 130-159 mmHg. An increased but not statistically significant risk of cognitive impairment was associated with high blood pressure (systolic pressure > or = 180 mmHg or diastolic pressure > or = 95 mmHg) only in persons taking antihypertensive medication at baseline. Subjects with systolic pressure of 160-179 mmHg tended to be at lower risk of cognitive impairment. These results may support the view that a certain blood pressure level, particularly a systolic pressure of at least 130 mmHg, is important to the maintenance of cognitive functioning in the very old. They also suggest that severe hypertension that is not well controlled (systolic pressure > or = 180 mmHg or diastolic pressure > or = 95 mmHg) is still a threat to cognitive function in this age group. However, the use of blood pressure measurements made at a single visit and the relatively short follow-up period should be considered when interpreting these results.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Guo Z,Fratiglioni L,Winblad B,Viitanen Mdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009073subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-06-15 00:00:00pages
1106-13issue
12eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
145pub_type
杂志文章abstract::There is a paucity of data on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States, since most national registries do not collect information on BCC. We evaluated BCC incidence trends and associated risk factors for BCC in 140,171 participants from a U.S. female cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and a U.S. male...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt073
更新日期:2013-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of strong assumptions (e.g., exchangeability), only bounds for causal effects can be identified. Here we describe bounds for the risk difference for an effect of a binary exposure on a binary outcome in 4 common study settings: observational studies and randomized studies, each with and without simple r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz060
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there is some evidence of an association between loss of a sibling in adulthood and subsequent mortality, there have been no previous studies in which investigators have examined whether the death of a sibling in childhood is associated with adult mortality using total population data. Data on a national coho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww126
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents findings on depressive symptomatology among 3,118 Mexican-American adults who participated in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). In 1982-1984, the National Institute of Mental Health Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was administered to Mexican Americans ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115341
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in young children indicates recent tuberculosis (TB) transmission. We reviewed surveillance reports of children with LTBI to assess whether more follow-up is needed to prevent TB in this high-risk population. Data on all children under 5 years of age who were report...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx354
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers have failed to find a consistent association between childhood victimization and vulvodynia, a debilitating, unexplained vulvar pain condition. However, selection bias associated with case ascertainment, and differential reporting bias between clinic-based cases and controls, may explain in part the incons...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi108
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sibling and twin study designs provide control for confounding factors that are typically unmeasured in traditional cohort studies. Using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health collected at 3 visits during 1994-2002, the authors evaluated the longitudinal association b...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq169
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the validity of self-reported delivery weight among 3,518 respondents to the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Self-reported delivery weight was ascertained from a mail survey administered during the postpartum period. Measured delivery weight was obtained by abstraction of medical r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010103
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to a higher incidence of dementia. Less is known about the association between SES and mortality in persons with dementia. We studied this association in a prospective cohort of 15,558 patients in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2010. SES was measured using disposable ho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv319
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidence trends in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) demonstrate disparities by race and ethnicity. We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Registry to evaluate patterns in ALL incidence from 2000-2016, including the association between the percent of people born in a foreign country at the ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa215
更新日期:2020-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) varies considerably and may be influenced by factors such as age, smoking, number of male partners per year, and CD4 T-lymphocyte count. The loss of CD4 lymphocytes is known to be the dominant factor...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009160
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pemphigus is a severe, autoimmune, blistering disorder with a high incidence among young women in rural Tunisia. The authors investigated explanatory environmental factors. A multicenter case-control study was conducted prospectively from 1992 to 1996 in Tunisia. Sixty-eight incident female cases of pemphigus and 166 ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/155.3.249
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors hypothesized that genetic predisposition to diabetes complications would be more evident among low-risk individuals and aimed to identify genes related to developing complications (confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy, overt nephropathy, or coronary artery disease) in low-risk groups. Participants in ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj287
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiologist primarily studies transitions between states of health and disease. The purpose of the present article is to define a foundational parameter for such studies, namely risk. We begin simply and build to the setting in which there is more than 1 event type (i.e., competing risks or competing events), a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv001
更新日期:2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ozone is associated with adverse health; however, less is known about vulnerable/sensitive populations, which we refer to as sensitive populations. We systematically reviewed epidemiologic evidence (1988-2013) regarding sensitivity to mortality or hospital admission from short-term ozone exposure. We performed meta-an...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu115
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the US National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network to study the utility of genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates for prevention and control. From 1998 to 2000, four sites performed conventional contact investigations and epidemiologic in...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh253
更新日期:2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiology has a rich tradition in western New York State, beginning with the classic study by Austin Flint of a waterborne typhoid fever outbreak in North Boston in 1843. Other important investigations included the study of the Buffalo poliomyelitis epidemic of 1912, by Wade Hampton Frost, which provided a comprehe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009215
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systolic and diastolic blood pressures provide information about cardiovascular disease (CVD) but are only extremes of the pressure waveform during the cardiac cycle. We developed summaries of the pressure decay, called PTC1 and PTC2, that are related to arterial compliance and to an existing proprietary summary that ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz280
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glioma risk has consistently been inversely associated with allergy history but not with smoking history despite putative biologic plausibility. Data from 855 high-grade glioma cases and 1,160 controls from 4 geographic regions of the United States during 1997-2008 were analyzed for interactions between allergy and sm...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr124
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the U-shaped relation between alcohol intake and health beyond findings related to cardiovascular disease. Medically certified sickness absence is a health indicator in which coronary heart disease is only a minor factor. To investigate the relation between alcohol intake and sickness absence, re...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf138
更新日期:2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ecologic (aggregate) data are widely available and widely utilized in epidemiologic studies. However, ecologic bias, which arises because aggregate data cannot characterize within-group variability in exposure and confounder variables, can only be removed by supplementing ecologic data with individual-level data. Here...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm386
更新日期:2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In his 1976 paper "Estimability and Estimation in Case-Referent Studies" (Am J Epidemiol. 1976;103(2):226-235), Miettinen weaved together a patchwork of new ideas into a coherent view of case-control studies. His article spurred theoretical development in epidemiologic methods and became a platform for teaching about ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx074
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unexpected nature of disasters leaves little time or resources for organized health surveillance of the affected population, and even less for those who are unaffected. An ideal epidemiologic study would monitor both groups equally well, but would typically be decided against as infeasible or costly. Exposure and ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx194
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combin...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu122
更新日期:2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence for a relation between physical activity and renal cell cancer has been inconsistent. The authors examined physical activity in relation to renal cell cancer in a large, prospective US cohort study of 482,386 participants (289,503 men and 192,883 women) aged 50-71 years at baseline (1995-1996). At baseline, p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn102
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth co...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn250
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To develop a method for assessing preclinical cardiovascular disease risk, models of resting cardiovascular regulation and of insulin metabolic syndrome were derived from information collected from 1991 to 1996 in a culturally heterogeneous sample of 319 healthy men and women (aged 25-44 years) from Miami-Dade County,...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.8.765
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Planners of several large prevention trials have overestimated the expected incidence of events in the control group, largely because they failed either to recognize or to adequately correct for various effects of population selection. Consequently, the studies have been too small in size or too short in duration to a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116739
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether genetic and familial factors influence the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Two cohorts were formed based on data from 1,212,295 men aged 18 years who were conscripted for military service in Sweden during 1972-1996. The first comprised 4,260 twin...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa060
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-eight children with Reye's syndrome (RS) confirmed by liver biopsy were treated at the University of Cincinnati between 1963 and 1974. Cases were clustered in the winter and spring with the peak in February and March. These coincided with the occurrence of influenza and, numerically, were associated more closely...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112123
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00