Abstract:
:Single patient isolation of adults to prevent spread of infection was studied in five high occupancy community hospitals. The acceptable standard was a guideline for isolation in hospitals, published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Overusage of single patient isolation was found to vary between 4% and 96% of physician's isolation orders. Diagnoses of viral hepatitis, surgical wound infections, skin infections and respiratory infections accounted for the majority of overisolated patients. When infection control personnel rather than attending physicians determined the type and duration of isolation, a decrease in overisolation and a saving of patient (or third party payer) charges could be demonstrated. Reduction in overisolation does not bring about savings for hospitals unless bed occupancy is high and few single rooms are available. No evidence of cross-infection was observed in one hospital as a result of implementation of the CDC guidelines.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Hyams PJ,Ehrenkranz NJdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112468subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-10-01 00:00:00pages
325-9issue
4eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
106pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The present report evaluates a method for the determination of the maximal velocity of the outward sodium, potassium, chlorine (Na-K-Cl) cotransport in erythrocytes. The loading procedure was carried out using the ionophore nystatin. The technical error for this assay, based on concurrent analysis of randomized blind ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114602
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethnic differences in survey participation and their effects on self-reported physical and psychiatric health status measures were examined in a longitudinal health study in Alameda County, California, in 1978 following two time intervals. Blacks and Mexican-Americans were more likely than whites to refuse to particip...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113731
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because the magnitude of tracking coefficients (i.e., stability coefficients and tracking for subjects at risk) greatly depends on the initial age of subjects, the number and spacing of longitudinal measurements, and the length of the total time period, it is difficult to compare tracking coefficients from different s...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009048
更新日期:1997-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of prior knowledge about population relations, investigators frequently employ a strategy that uses the data to help them decide whether to adjust for a variable. The authors compared the performance of several such strategies for fitting multiplicative Poisson regression models to cohort data: 1) the "...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computer simulation was applied to Sartwell's model to examine the impact of competing risks of death on the underlying assumptions and the power to reject both uniform and normal incubation period distributions. Exponential and nonparametric survival functions were imposed onto lognormal, uniform, and normal distribu...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117642
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations of Mexican descent have high occurrences of neural tube defects (NTDs). A recent study suggested that folic acid supplements may not protect these populations from NTDs. In a case-control study, the authors investigated the role of folic acid and dietary folate intake in NTD risk among Mexican Americans li...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/152.11.1017
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that no distinct glycemic threshold consistently differentiates individuals with or without retinopathy. The authors sought to determine whether the same was true for other microvascular complications. They studied 5,094 participants with fasting plasma glucose values and concurrent microvascula...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp076
更新日期:2009-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence on dietary risk factors for ovarian cancer is inconsistent, but some studies have suggested positive associations with dietary fat, lactose, and cholesterol and negative associations with green and yellow vegetable intake. By using information from the Iowa Women's Health Study, the authors investigated the a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009723
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabies virus was isolated by cell culture from the brains of 104 confirmed rabies cases diagnosed by the fluorescent-antibody staining technique in the United States during 1974-1984. Eighty-seven isolates were obtained from wild-life species, 10 from humans, and seven from domestic animals. These isolates were tested...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/126.2.298
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence for an association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and obesity is inconsistent. The authors examined associations between adiposity and AMD prevalence using 21,287 participants from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study aged 40-69 years at baseline (1990-1994). For men, each increase of 0.1 ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr005
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1 and March 15, 1974, approximately 1200 cases of acute gastrointestinal illness occurred in Richmond Heights, Florida, a residential community of 6500 in south Dade County. Over one-third of all families in the area had at least one member affected. The findings of 10 culture-proven cases of shigellos...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112238
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a long-standing debate about whether birth weight directly affects adult blood pressure, or whether the association is entirely mediated through current weight. In this issue of the Journal, Chiolero et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(1):4-11) quantitatively evaluate whether bias from an unmeasured confou...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt231
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The value of exercise during pregnancy is controversial; both benefits and risks have been hypothesized. As empiric evidence is scant, the issue was investigated in a prospective study that assessed the impact on fetal growth of maternal exercise in each trimester of pregnancy. A cohort of over 800 prenatal patients w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116614
更新日期:1993-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza is a significant problem within hospitals, leading to extended hospital stays, excess morbidity and mortality, and economic loss. Prevention and control strategies are generally "bundled"; therefore, the individual effects of particular strategies and the value of combined strategies cannot be determined dir...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv293
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::For diseases of well-defined genetic etiology and with onset after birth, the age at onset corresponds to the incubation period of the disease. The lognormal model, as used by Sartwell to study the distribution of incubation periods in infectious diseases (Am J Hyg 1950;51:310-8), was applied in this study to the dist...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113137
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the role of food insecurity in the etiology of children's cognitive and mental health problems. Data from a prospective longitudinal study of 1,116 United Kingdom families with twins (sample constructed in 1999-2000) were used to test associations among household food insecurity; income; maternal ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq201
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Second malignancies in women diagnosed with thyroid cancer are of concern given the young average age at diagnosis and excellent survival. Data from the California Cancer Registry were used to evaluate the risk of second primary cancers among a retrospective population-based cohort of 10,932 women diagnosed with papil...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj072
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Given that the primordial ovarian follicular pool is established in utero, it may be influenced by parental characteristics and the intrauterine environment. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are increasingly recognized as a biomarker of ovarian reserve in females in adulthood and adolescence. We examined and compar...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt137
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case-control study on diet and gastric cancer, carried out in selected areas of four regions of Spain (Aragon, Castile, Catalonia, and Galicia) in 1988 and 1989, included 354 cases of histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and 354 controls matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Cases and controls were ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117029
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A society's social structure and the interactions of its members determine when key drivers of health occur, for how long they last, and how they operate. Yet, it has been unclear whether causal inference methods can help us find meaningful interventions on these fundamental social drivers of health. Galea and Hernán ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz199
更新日期:2020-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) Study, conducted from September 1999 to March 2000. The purpose of the study was to assess dietary measurement error using two self-reported dietary instruments-the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the 24-hour dietary recall (24HR)-and unbias...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg092
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 3.1 million children die each year because of undernutrition. Although cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have found a protective association between greater parental education and undernutrition in their children, no randomized trial has identified a causal effect, to our knowledge. Using the 1980 ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx195
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multicenter prospective study has been designed to determine whether participation in an exercise program which produces a significant training effect will affect the recurrence rate in men who have survived an initial myocardial infarction. The control group consists of subjects who participate in a program involvi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112174
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 40,000 blood samples drawn in 1968-1972 by the Social Insurance Institution's mobile clinic in Finland have been stored. Linking cancer incidence data obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry with this material yielded 32 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed after drawing of the blood sample. These 32 ind...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116656
更新日期:1993-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Seventh-Day Adventists in Tromsø showed a coronary risk factor pattern similar to Seventh-Day Adventists in other parts of the world. Compared with non-Seventh-Day Adventists, serum cholesterol was 1.35 mmol/liter (1974) and 0.83 mmol/liter (1979-1980) lower in males and 0.64 mmol/liter (1979-1980) lower in females. B...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114162
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early-onset cannabis use is widespread in many countries and might cause later onset of depression. Sound epidemiologic data across countries are missing. The authors estimated the suspected causal association that links early-onset (age <17 years) cannabis use with later-onset (age > or =17 years) risk of a depressio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq096
更新日期:2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Both early life and adult socioeconomic status (SES) predict late-life level of memory; however, evidence is mixed on the relationship between SES and rate of memory decline. Further, the relative importance of different life-course periods for rate of late-life memory decline has not been evaluated. We examined assoc...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx155
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of menopause to associated factors of atherosclerosis was investigated during October 1973 to December 1976. The subjects were 1674 premenopausal and 428 postmenopausal women aged 35 to 54, who were living in Toda city, an urban area of Japan. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in postmeno...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112699
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In his 1976 paper "Estimability and Estimation in Case-Referent Studies" (Am J Epidemiol. 1976;103(2):226-235), Miettinen weaved together a patchwork of new ideas into a coherent view of case-control studies. His article spurred theoretical development in epidemiologic methods and became a platform for teaching about ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx074
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, we evaluated the influence of adulthood weight history on mortality risk. The National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study is an observational cohort study of US men and women who were aged 50-71 years at entry in 1995-1996. This...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt254
更新日期:2014-01-15 00:00:00