Abstract:
:Thirty-three U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards contain mandated medical service provisions. The German Berufsgenossenschaften Guidelines for Preventive Occupational Health Examinations currently comprise 38 guidelines, which contain mandated medical service provisions. Based on a previously published method for scoring several medical program elements, the Berufsgenossenchaften guidelines were compared with the OSHA standards. Specific program elements were combined to generate and compare quality control scores, screening scores and surveillance scores. The asbestos standard/guidelines were compared in more detail (e.g., physical examination, laboratory tests, examination schedule, eligibility). The German medical requirements consistently ranked higher than their U.S. counterparts for overall scores and the scoring indices for quality control, screening, and surveillance. However, this comparison also reveals that few surveillance features have been incorporated into the medical requirements of either country, suggesting that neither country is making full use of workplace medical services for primary prevention.
journal_name
Am J Ind Medjournal_title
American journal of industrial medicineauthors
Straif K,Silverstein Mdoi
10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<373::aid-ajim1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
373-80issue
4eissn
0271-3586issn
1097-0274pii
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199704)31:4<373::AID-AJIM1journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This commentary challenges a recently published perception that Dr. Le Roy Upson Gardner had not actually discovered in 1942 that inhaled chrysotile fibers could induce malignant neoplasia in mice. The handwritten laboratory notes and some of Dr. Gardner's slides have recently been found. They verify that the tumors h...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700270413
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain refining processes were investigated to determine their influence on the dermal carcinogenic activity of petroleum-derived lubricating oil distillates. Specifically, the effects of solvent refining, hydroprocessing, a combination of both processes, and the blending of oils processed using each technique were e...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700050403
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since direct measures of individual exposure seldom exist for the entire period of an occupational mortality study, retrospective exposure estimates are necessary. This is often done in a subjective manner involving a consensus of opinion from a panel of epidemiologists and industrial hygienists. An alternative method...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700250607
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dermatological disorders in athletes may occur as a result of repeated mechanical trauma, physical and chemical agents, climatic conditions, infections, infestations, and exacerbations of pre-existing skin disorders. These include black heel, tennis toe and other causes of subungual hemorrhage, friction blisters, abra...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700080422
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The etiology of breast cancer is not well understood and the role of occupational exposures in breast carcinogenesis is still uncertain. METHODS:The population-based case-control study included 2,386 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2000-2003, and 2,502 controls. Lifetime occupational histories and...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20420
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that stress can lead to ill-health through the disregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies to date have produced equivocal results likely due to different methodologies and failure to account for confounding factors. This investigation ai...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20659
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite being preventable, work-related upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders (UECTDs) remain problematic. This study is unique in its focus on predictors of employer risk-reduction activities (ERRAs) in response to a UECTD case. METHODS:Workers' compensation claimants (N = 537) completed a telephone ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200011)38:5<489::aid-ajim1>3.0.c
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700080303
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hispanic immigrant workers dominate California's hired farm workforce. Little is known about their health status; even less is known about those lacking employment authorization. METHODS:The California Agricultural Workers Health Survey (CAWHS) was a statewide cross-sectional household survey conducted in 1...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20796
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A program of medical evaluation for former Savannah River Site (SRS) workers at health effects due to exposures to hazardous or radioactive agents was conducted. METHODS:This study includes data from 1,368 participants aged 45 years or older who were assessed regarding work-history and exposures to industri...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20224
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The prevalence of violence to first responders is reported in ranges of approximately 40% to 90%. Pennsylvania has a felonious assault statute to address such violence, but the prosecutorial process has been noted to cause first-responder dissatisfaction. METHODS:An exploratory qualitative study using ind...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.23036
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that older farmers and farm workers have been identified at high risk for farm fatalities, most notably involving tractor overturns. Older farmers also incur more severe non-fatal injuries. METHODS:Data from two national surveillance systems are presented to describe fatal and no...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20661
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A death certificate based case-control study of lung cancer in two Ontario cities was performed to estimate the risk of lung cancer attributable to occupation in Ontario, and to estimate the proportion of occupational lung cancers receiving compensation from the Workers' Compensation Board. Occupation and industry wer...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700270112
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors developed a union sponsored 2-day human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) "train the trainer" program for healthcare workers in the San Francisco Bay Area. The program incorporated the "education for action" approach in an effort to respond to the inadequacies in many tra...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700220509
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 10 years there has been growing awareness among occupational health professionals worldwide of the large burden of illness associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper limbs. It has been suggested that these disorders are associated with highly repetitive work and are due, at least in pa...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700190111
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inhalational exposure to zinc oxide fumes is associated with metal fume fever, a self-limited but very uncomfortable condition closely resembling influenza. Very little is known regarding the toxicokinetics of inhaled zinc, making the interpretation of zinc measurements in serum and urine problematic. METHO...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199906)35:6<574::aid-ajim4
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous epidemiological studies investigating modification of organophosphate (OP) neurotoxicity by xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) polymorphisms have produced inconsistent results. METHODS:A cross-sectional study of 301 emerging farmers was conducted. Neurotoxicity testing included forward and back...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.22790
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:OSHA regulations require that workers receive medical clearance prior to respirator use, and recently, a detailed questionnaire has been provided to assist with this purpose. However, there are limited published data on the sensitivity and specificity of self-administered questionnaires for identifying indiv...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199904)35:4<395::aid-ajim1
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Workers in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (AgFF) sector experience exposures directly related to the work itself, as well as the physical environment in which the work occurs. Health outcomes vary from immediate to delayed, and from acute to chronic. METHODS:We reviewed existing literature on the ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajim.22170
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the cardiotoxic effects of 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2- Trifluoroethane (fluorocarbon 113 or FC113) exposures among healthy workers cleaning rocket and ground support equipment for the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) programs. Exposure and ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700220607
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The amount of information about hazardous agents in the workplace exceeds the capacity of human memory. There is a need to accurately represent or map this scientific knowledge for digital storage and retrieval. METHODS:A relational database of hazardous chemicals and occupational diseases was constructed b...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20578
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Limitations on the use of full halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) may create occupational environmental problems. These are currently largely unknown, because the toxicology of most CFC substitutes is unknown. Therefore, toxicity testing of CFC substitutes is necessary, and this can best be done before their use c...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700190615
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Little research has addressed the safety environment of child farmworkers. This analysis examines the work safety culture experienced by Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina. Methods:Survey interviews were conducted in 2017 with 202 Latinx children aged 10 to 17 years employed on North Carolina farms....
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.23161
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No previous studies investigated the interaction of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and overcommitment on blood pressure. Our aim was to investigate associations of ERI and overcommitment (and their interaction) with blood pressure and hypertension within a Chinese population. METHODS:Seven hundred thirty-fou...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.22254
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) overdiagnose work-related injuries and illnesses to increase their income. This study compared the Workers' Compensation experience of 2,176 Boston postal employees enrolled in a large HMO with that of 3,473 employees enrolled in a large fee-for-servic...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700190306
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to mineral dust was studied among construction workers (N = 437) with the aid of a questionnaire and a chest X-ray examination of the lungs. The results of the questionnaire showed that 81% of the construction workers had been exposed to asbestos. Exposure had occurred in all of the occupational groups studie...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700210411
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Occupational cancer monitoring is important for cancer prevention and public health protection. A surveillance system for identifying occupational cancer risks and cancer cases in Italy that are likely to be of occupational origin using information available in the Italian Social Security archives was create...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20356
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1982, White et al published an assessment of quantitative leukemia risk associated with lifetime occupational exposure to benzene. At about the same time, IARC (1982) published estimates of quantitative cancer risk associated with industrial chemicals. Benzene was one of the two chemicals selected by IARC for its r...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700070507
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diesel exhaust is considered a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The epidemiologic evidence rests on studies of lung cancer among truck drivers, bus drivers, shipyard workers, and railroad workers. The general public is exposed to diesel exhaust in ambient a...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199809)34:3<220::aid-ajim3
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Occupational health researchers can play a pivotal role in increasing our understanding of the role of physical and psychosocial working conditions in producing socioeconomic health disparities and trends of increasing socioeconomic health disparities, contributing to interventions to reduce such dispariti...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1002/ajim.20766
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00