Abstract:
:Gastrointestinal motor dysfunctions result when extrinsic autonomic nerves are diseased and are unable to modulate the motor functions of the digestive tract, which depend on the enteric nervous system and the automaticity of the smooth muscles. Gut motor dysfunction may result from disorders at all anatomic levels of the extrinsic neural control and degenerations of gut smooth muscle. It illustrates the important modulation of gut motor function by the nervous system. Although much emphasis has been placed on dysphagia and constipation in neurologic disorders, more recent studies have highlighted incontinence, vomiting, and abdominal distention in the symptomatology of such patients. Strategies that evaluate the motor functions of the digestive tract and the extrinsic neural control are available; they aid in selection of rational therapies for these patients, which include physical therapy and biofeedback training (for dysphagia or incontinence), prokinetic agents (for neuropathic forms of gastroparesis, chronic intestinal dysmotility, or slow transit colonic disorders), and nutritional support using the enteral or parenteral route. Electrical or magnetic stimulation of lumbosacral roots provides a novel method to alleviate constipation in paraplegics.
journal_name
Semin Neuroljournal_title
Seminars in neurologyauthors
Camilleri M,Bharucha AEdoi
10.1055/s-2008-1040977subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-01 00:00:00pages
203-16issue
3eissn
0271-8235issn
1098-9021journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Besides sleep apnea, the main disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness include narcolepsy and hypersomnia. Narcolepsy is characterized by periods of irresistible sleepiness and sleep attacks of brief duration and, most often, by one or more of the auxiliary symptoms: cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnogogic halluci...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1041425
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 500,000 Americans, and it is commonly on the differential diagnosis associated with patient referrals to neurology offices. Diagnostically, there are several nuances to the established criteria. Understanding the usefulness of various tests and the potential diagnoses that can...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245004
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary brain tumors are common causes of focal epilepsy, accounting for 5% of new-onset seizures in adults and over 10% of lesional focal epilepsies. These epilepsies are often refractory to medical treatment, and high rates of seizure freedom can be achieved with gross total resections. However, the management strat...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1552628
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natalizumab is a monoclonal therapeutic antibody that inhibits migration of lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking integrins. Several clinical trials have shown an excellent efficacy in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. This efficacy is also underlined by postmarketing dat...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1343793
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carotid endarterectomy is an established surgical procedure to prevent stroke. The indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical timing, technical details, complications, and special circumstances for the use of this operation are reviewed. Future developments in the surgical reconstruction of the extracranial caroti...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040902
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is common, and can be associated with many medical conditions. The majority of the patients with SFN suffer from painful paresthesia which can negatively impact their quality of life. Skin biopsy with intraepidermal nerve fiber density evaluation is the gold standard diagnostic test. Auton...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688977
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental circumstances that result in ambiguity or conflict with the patterns of sensory stimulation may adversely affect the vestibular system. The effect of this conflict in sensory information may be dizziness, a sense of imbalance, nausea, and motion sickness sometimes even to seemingly minor daily head movem...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1701653
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropathic pain management is challenging, and typically requires a multifaceted approach. There are several treatment options, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic. Of the available pharmacologic agents, those with the strongest supporting evidence include tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reupt...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1673679
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improved disease control is critical for enhancing the lives of those living with multiple sclerosis. With specific immunologic targets, monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments are highly effective options for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. The mechanism, efficacy, and current safety profiles are detailed for the...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1579695
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or somnolence is common in our patients and in society in general. The most common cause of EDS is "voluntary" sleep restriction. Other common causes include sleep-fragmenting disorders such as the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Somewhat less familiar to the clinician are EDS cond...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-835069
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable expression that often pose diagnostic dilemmas. Although definitive diagnosis of these disorders usually requires a muscle biopsy and mtDNA and enzymatic testing, standard metabolic studies including organic ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-17947
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep medicine can be a particularly rewarding clinical area for neurologists. After all, the driving organ of sleep is the brain. Many of the sleep disorders are primary brain disorders, whereas other sleep disorders (and their medications) influence brain function. But without an organized approach, even the engaged...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1586264
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelopathy refers to a spinal cord disorder that presents with motor and/or sensory deficits. Infectious agents that cause myelopathy do so by either direct infection of neural structures (e.g., polio), a parainfectious mechanism (with a presumed autoimmune pathogenesis), or as a result of involvement of structures ad...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1322588
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate outcome prognostication is critical to the management of patients with primary or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Prognostication may guide the decision to pursue aggressive acute management or to plan proper goals of care for patients who will likely suffer long-term severe disability. In particu...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1581992
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune encephalopathy represents a complex category of disease with diverse immunologic associations, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic outcomes. Three main subgroups include autoimmune encephalopathies without cancer but with neural nonspecific serologic evidence of autoimmunity (encompassing "Hashimoto's ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1277985
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare, devastating, progressive pediatric epilepsy. First described 60 years ago, RE continues to present challenges in diagnosis and management. RE causes a unilateral focal epilepsy in children that typically becomes medically refractory, results in significant hemiparesis, and causes...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1708504
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) will continue to benefit from an increasing understanding of this disease. This knowledge results in newly defined targets for novel therapies. In this article the development of future immunotherapies will be discussed by classifying the approaches into three main types: (1) a...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-41137
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke in the distribution of the posterior circulation may present as acute onset spontaneous vertigo and imbalance. Although vertigo due to posterior circulation stroke is usually associated with other neurologic symptoms or signs, small infarcts in the cerebellum or brainstem can present with vertigo without other ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354600
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diet may influence stroke risk via several mechanisms, but the optimal dietary habits for stroke prevention are not well established. We reviewed English-language MEDLINE publications from January 1979 through November 2004 for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of dietary factors (minerals, fats, chole...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-933305
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal central nervous system infections present in a myriad of clinical manifestation and remain a significant diagnostic challenge. Presenting symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, conventional fungal serum markers and imaging correlates of disease are seldom sensitive or specific; fungal culture growth or histopa...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688916
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional view of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) as a monophasic inflammatory disorder that affects both the optic nerves and the spinal cord is expanding. Over the last decade, a combination of clinical, radiological, pathological, and serological findings have resulted in evolving definitions of NMO and the apprec...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1019131
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The growth of bioethics as a practical, meaningful player in the arena of health care has paralleled that of clinical neurology not only in time but also in interaction between the two disciplines. Almost every advance in neurology has spawned an ethical dilemma, the unraveling of which has brought new insights to bot...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-19406
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial diseases are multiorgan system disorders and the brain is the most commonly affected organ. The high-energy requirement of the brain leaves it vulnerable to energy failure. All components of the neuraxis including muscle, the neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and brain can be affecte...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1386770
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The muscular dystrophies are disorders of progressive muscular degeneration and weakness. As a group they display clinical heterogeneity that reflects the heterogeneity of molecular mechanisms responsible for them, and range from congenital to adulthood onset. Recent advances in the field include improved methods of d...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1329199
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly individuals. Although the diagnosis of AD requires pathological confirmation, several common clinical features of AD have been identified. These include insidious onset, gradual progression, medial temporal atrophy, temporoparietal hypoperfusion, ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-13177
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary, repetitive eye closure. Orofacial and oromandibular dystonia describe involuntary dystonic movements of orofacial and oromandibular musculature. Hemifacial spasm is characterized by repetitive synchronous contraction of facial nerve innervated muscles on ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1571952
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, we have witnessed significant advances in the study of inherited dystonias. This article will review some of those discoveries and summarize their significance for the practicing neurologist. A clinical classification of dystonia based on features that can be determined by the clinician is prop...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-971170
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metastatic plexopathy is often a disabling accompaniment of advanced systemic cancer and may involve any of the peripheral nerve plexuses. Brachial plexopathy most commonly occurs in carcinoma of the breast and lung; lumbosacral plexopathy is most common with colorectal and gynecologic tumors, sarcomas, and lymphomas....
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-861533
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is a rare condition in children presenting with headache and papilledema from increased intracranial pressure that can cause significant morbidity. This can be idiopathic, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension or primary intracranial hypertension, or can be secondary to...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1708847
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes infection of the central nervous system is often not recognized and treated appropriately in the crucial early stages of the disease. Most consider patients with underlying disease or immunocompromised states to be at risk, although healthy individuals may present with a neurologic syndrome caus...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9398
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00