Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To determine and validate correction factors necessary to ensure consistent dosage of 1MHz ultrasound when applied in water at different applicator-to-skin distances and different levels of intensity. DESIGN:An intervention study with a crossover design. SETTING:A laboratory. PARTICIPANTS:Cross-sections of nonliving pig tissue. INTERVENTIONS:Specimens were each exposed to 1MHz ultrasound under four subaqueous conditions: in contact with the skin and at 1, 2, and 4 centimeters from the applicator to the skin. These conditions were repeated for each of three intensity levels: 0.5W/cm2, 1.0 W/cm2, and 2.0 W/cm2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Tissue temperatures were measured at six thermocouple locations at different depths from the skin surface. RESULTS:Increasing the distance from the applicator to the skin from 0 to 1, 2, and 4 centimeters resulted in progressive and significantly lower mean maximum temperature increases. The same relation of distance to temperature increase was identified at all intensity levels and was used to calculate dosage factors for distance in water. By multiplying the required intensity by the calculated dosage factors, the temperature increases in tissue were found to equal those produced at 0 centimeters distance. CONCLUSIONS:Large corrections to the intensity output are required to compensate when using ultrasound in water at different applicator-to-skin distances. These dosage (correction) factors are reliable for the range of intensity levels tested under the conditions examined.
journal_name
Arch Phys Med Rehabiljournal_title
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationauthors
Ward AR,Robertson VJdoi
10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90142-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
1167-72issue
11eissn
0003-9993issn
1532-821Xpii
S0003-9993(96)90142-2journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of relationship quality and reciprocity in partnerships on subjective caregiver burden and caregiver satisfaction in partners of persons with a severe physical disability (spinal cord injury). DESIGN:Cross-sectional, observational. SETTING:Community setting. PARTICIPANTS:Caregiving pa...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2017.02.009
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effects of dual-task balance training on static and dynamic balance, functional mobility, cognitive level, and sleep quality in individuals with transfemoral amputation. DESIGN:Randomized controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS:Transfemoral amputees (N=20). INTERVENTIONS:Participants we...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.009
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The response of geriatric patients to a multidisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program was measured by comparing outcome data on 17 older patients (55 to 78 years) to data on 20 younger patients (29 to 48 years) treated in the same program. Pretreatment data were obtained at an initial evaluation, and posttreat...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore the use of an activity monitor (AM) to objectively characterize free-living physical activity (F-LPA) in children with mobility impairment resulting from cerebral palsy (CP). DESIGN:First, a validation study compared outcomes from the AM with video evidence. Second, multiday F-LPA was characterize...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2013.07.019
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if a difference exists in the plantar soft tissue of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy (PN) compared with age-matched controls. DESIGN:Case-control study with a parallel 3-element 1-dimensional viscoelastic model developed to characterize indentation data. SETTING:D...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/apmr.2002.35661
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the relations between measures of activity with dyspnea and satisfaction with life in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey. SETTING:Five SCI centers. PARTICIPANTS:Between July 2012 and March 2015, subjects (N=347) with traumatic SCI ≥1 year after injury who used a manua...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2016.02.010
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess motor imagery (MI) ability in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN:Prospective, cohort study. SETTING:University hospital rehabilitation unit. PARTICIPANTS:Patients with traumatic brain injury (mean coma duration, 18d) undergoing rehabilitation (n=20) and healthy ...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.018
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To establish the validity of 2 objective measures of disability based on 2 self-reports in individuals with the late sequelae of poliomyelitis (LSP). DESIGN:Nonexperimental research design. SETTING:Regional ambulatory clinic specializing in the management of patients with LSP. PARTICIPANTS:Seventeen commun...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/apmr.2000.9172
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate interlimb coupling in an adult population with left hemiplegia and an age-matched control group to better understand the unique motor control issues in stroke rehabilitation. DESIGN:A chi-square analysis was performed to compare the distribution of participants adopting a given movement patter...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.084
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study included patients who presented with at least one chronic nonhealing ulcer and had been told by their referring physician that they would require amputation at the transmetatarsal level or higher. Hospital records of all patients seen in a comprehensive wound-healing clinic from August 1984 through January ...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop and test a new instrument to assess environmental barriers encountered by people with and without disabilities by using a questionnaire format. DESIGN:New instrument development. SETTING:A rehabilitation hospital and community. PARTICIPANTS:Two convenience samples: (1) 97 subjects, 50 with disab...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2003.09.027
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To delineate the frequency, clinical risk factors, and urodynamic mechanisms of incomplete bladder emptying (IBE) among patients with recent stroke. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:Inpatient setting in the rehabilitation ward of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS:All patients with acute stroke admitt...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2010.03.017
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review and reassess the findings of Krause and colleagues on the effect of economic and other risk factors on life expectancy after spinal cord injury, using an expanded and updated database. DESIGN:Pooled person-year analysis. SETTING:Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:A total of ...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.025
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias during rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN:Survey of consecutive patients admitted to an inpatient cardiac rehabilitation center. SETTING:A rehabilitation center acting as a reference for cardiology clinics lackin...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/apmr.2000.5587
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of an exergame-based intervention on a population sample of women with fibromyalgia. DESIGN:Single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with 8-week intervention. SETTING:Fibromyalgia center. PARTICIPANTS:Participants (all women) (N=83) were divided into 2 groups: an exercise group (...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2017.02.011
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the intra- and interrater reliability of the Action Research Arm (ARA) test, to assess its ability to detect a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 5.7 points, and to identify less reliable test items. DESIGN:Intrarater reliability of the sum scores and of individual items was asse...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1053/apmr.2001.18668
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity of the limits of stability (LOS) test to assess dynamic postural stability in adolescents using a portable forceplate system. DESIGN:Cross-sectional reliability observational study. SETTING:School setting. PARTICIPANTS:Adolescents (N=36) com...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2015.08.418
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a radiographic method for measuring the spinal alignment of a person in a seated position and with which to investigate the effects of lateral trunk supports (LTS) in special seating on the frontal and sagittal spinal alignment in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN:Before-after trial. ...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.029
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To characterize the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain and pain disability in the context of comorbid conditions, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression to better inform care of combat veterans. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Medical centers and commu...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2017.03.026
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of high-voltage stimulation (HVS) on wound tensile strength properties and wound closure (histology). Eighteen mature guinea pigs with full-thickness incisions were treated with HVS for 45 minutes daily for 2 weeks; 9 animals were studied after the 14 days...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0003-9993(95)80122-7
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of a physical therapy (PT) program in groups of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial with a crossover design. SETTING:Two outpatient rehabilitation clinics in Boston and Amsterdam, respectively. PARTICIPANTS:Sixty-eight subjects diagnosed with ...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2004.08.008
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four patients with end-stage renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis and one patient with near end-stage renal failure received inpatient rehabilitation following lower extremity amputation. All were prosthetically restored. Three of the patients had bilateral below-knee amputations and were ambulatory at the time o...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-nine subjects who had been fitted with mobile arm supports 6 months to 11 years prior to the initiation of this study were evaluated to determine criteria for successful use of such supports. All subjects were diagnosed as having Duchenne muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy. Three methods were used to...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate variables potentially related to children's distress during electromyography/nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS), mothers of 39 children ages two to 17 years reported the child's gender, experience with EMG/NCS, previous negative medical/dental experiences, general response to painful procedures, informa...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if there is an association between cervical radiculopathy and tender spots in the neck and upper extremity on the side of radiculopathy. DESIGN:Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING:Outpatient spine clinic within an academic institution. PARTICIPANTS:Convenience sample of 16 subjects with...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2004.11.023
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess muscle passive stiffness in medicated Parkinson's disease patients using myotonometry. DESIGN:Case-control study. SETTING:Kinesiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS:Women with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n=8) and healthy matched elderly women (controls) (n=10) (mean age: PD, 77+/-3y; controls, 77+/-4y). ...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.012
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A reality orientation group for brain injured patients was developed to improve attention deficits, confusion and anterograde amnesia during post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Seven behavioral objectives are used to define adequate orientation, attention, immediate retention, episodic recall and use of memory aids. Daily p...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often accompanied by additional trauma that can be obscured by cognitive dysfunction or multiple injuries in the same region of the body. This report describes the case of an unhelmeted motorcycle rider who collided with a telephone pole. He sustained a diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage, ...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/apmr.2001.26245
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To review the various causes of urinary incontinence (UI) in elderly patients and to outline a therapeutic approach to the clinical management of UI. DATA SOURCES:Online search of MEDLINE and additional references selected from the articles found during the search. STUDY SELECTION:All peer-reviewed article...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/apmr.2001.9392
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results of a mail survey of physiatrists and residents in physical medicine and rehabilitation indicate that physiatrists need administrative/managerial skills in their practices. For physiatrists to initiate new programs, they need skills in program planning and development, resource management, and similar areas. Ex...
journal_title：Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
