Abstract:
:If the deleterious effects of non-specific parasites are greater on vulnerable host species than on reservoir host species then exclusion of the vulnerable host through apparent competition is more likely. Evidence suggests that such a mechanism occurs in interactions between the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), the grey partridge (Perdix perdix), and their shared caecal nematode Heterakis gallinarum. Modelling of the system predicts that the reduced parasite impact on the pheasant compared to the partridge results in the force of infection transmitted from pheasants to partridges being sufficient to cause partridge exclusion. Since the parasite impacts are currently estimated from correlational work, controlled infections were conducted to experimentally compare the impact of H. gallinarum on the two hosts and verify cause and effect. While challenged partridges showed reduced mass gain, decreased food consumption, and impaired caecal activity, in comparison to controls, the only detectable effect of parasite challenge on the pheasant was impaired caecal activity. The impact of H. gallinarum on challenged partridges conforms with previous correlational data, supporting the prediction that parasite-mediated apparent competition with the ring-necked pheasant may result in grey partridge exclusion. However, the observed decrease in the caecal activity of challenged pheasants could imply that H. gallinarum may also have an impact on the fecundity and survival of pheasants in the wild, particularly if food is limiting. If this is the case, the associated decrease in the force of infection to which the partridge is exposed may be sufficient to change the model prediction from partridge exclusion to pheasant and partridge coexistence.
journal_name
Parasitologyjournal_title
Parasitologyauthors
Tompkins DM,Greenman JV,Hudson PJdoi
10.1017/s0031182001007247subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-02-01 00:00:00pages
187-93issue
Pt 2eissn
0031-1820issn
1469-8161journal_volume
122pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PARASITOLOGY文献大全abstract::The tegumental surface of Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts is the site of both nutritive and immunological interactions with haemolymph cells and plasma of Biomphalaria glabrata, the schistosome intermediate host. Within minutes of being placed in host plasma, sporocysts acquire plasma antigens, and within 3 h host plas...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000065513
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of authors have demonstrated that the schistosomicidal compound, Praziquantel (Pzq), depends for its action upon the immune status of the host (Sabah et al. 1985; Brindley & Sher, 1987; Doenhoff et al. 1987). We have attempted to define the synergistic interaction between immuno- and chemotherapy further, usi...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000059497
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing models of the basic case reproduction number (R0) for vector-borne diseases assume (i) that the distribution of vectors over the susceptible host species is homogeneous and (ii) that the biting preference for the susceptible host species rather than other potential hosts is a constant. Empirical evidence cont...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182099005442
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles are likely to encounter both uninfected and infected insects and host quality depends on the stage of the infection. We hypothesized that nematode response to infected hosts will change over the course of an infection. Here, we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the inf...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182006001880
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leishmania braziliensis strain M2903 was adapted for growth and serially maintained as amastigotes at 34 degrees C in modified UM-54 medium, with growth curves exhibiting typical log and stationary phases. In late passages, amastigote growth took place in the absence of supplementary haemin and was unaffected when the...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003118209700214x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora traps and invades all the free-living juvenile stages of the trichostrongyle nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The processes of capture and invasion of the 1st-stage juveniles are described using differential interference contrast optics and 3-D reconstructio...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000079798
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trypanosomatids represent the causative agents of major diseases in humans, livestock and plants, with inevitable suffering and economic hardship as a result. They are also evolutionarily highly divergent organisms, and the many unique aspects of trypanosome biology provide opportunities in terms of identification of ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0031182011002125
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most human cases of cryptosporidiosis are caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Cryptosporidium hominis, but the use of molecular diagnostic methods has revealed that several other less common species or genotypes can also be involved. Here, we describe two unusual causes of cryptosporidiosis, one being the recently des...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118201300084X
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dr David Livingstone died on May 1st 1873. He was 60 years old and had spent much of the previous 30 years walking across large stretches of Southern Africa, exploring the terrain he hoped could provide new environments in which Europeans and Africans could cohabit on equal terms and bring prosperity to a part of the ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118201600202X
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between populations of the Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) and the White-footed Mouse (P. leucopus) and their respective Cuterebra parasites were examined. Population genetic structure of hosts and parasites was inferred using cytochrome oxidase mitochondrial sequences of specimens from 7 populat...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182005007584
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study quantifies the rate and intensity of re-infection with human hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infection 12 months following successful treatment, and investigates the influence of socio-economic, geographical and environmental factors. A longitudinal study of 642 individuals aged over 5 years was conducted ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182011001132
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An egg-adapted line of Eimeria necatrix has now been passaged 40 times in the chorio-allantoic membranes of embryonated eggs. Between the 21st and 40th passage in eggs the parasite was subjected to a selection for precocious development, and its pre-patent period in this host is now 123-125 h. The parasite continued t...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000044784
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) play a key role in Trypanosoma cruzi-host cell interactions. HBPs recognize heparan sulfate (HS) at the host cell surface and are able to induce the cytoadherence and invasion of this parasite. Herein, we analysed the biochemical properties of the HBPs and also evaluated the expression ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182012001448
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An immunochromatographic test (ICT), using recombinant truncated P50 (P50t), for the detection of antibodies to Babesia gibsoni was developed and evaluated. Whereas all sera from specific pathogen-free dogs were clearly negative, all sera from dogs experimentally infected with B. gibsoni were clearly positive in the I...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182005008401
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria remains a major cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent of the 4 human Plasmodium species causing malaria, is potentially life threatening, is increasing in prevalence and is becoming even more resistant to in-use drugs. In light of the growing problem of mult...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182005008267
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiological and ecological processes which govern the success of multiple-species co-infections are as yet unresolved. Here we investigated prior versus late residency within hosts, meaning which parasite contacts the host first, to determine if the outcomes of intra-host competition are altered. We infected a...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182010000296
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated changes in the behaviour of Stagnicola elodes associated with the emergence of Plagiorchis elegans cercariae. Within 15 min of the reduction in light intensity, which triggered the onset of cercarial emergence, infected snails moved to the top of the water column and remained there for 2-3 h. Seventy-n...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000077775
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of the electrical properties of neurons in the motornervous system of Ascaris sutom suggests that it is largely an analogue system. The motorneurons do not conduct action potentials and they release transmitter tonically at their normal resting potential; transmitter release is increased or decreased as a con...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0031182000077921
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circumstantial evidence suggests that the earlier detachment of Boophilus microplus larvae from highly resistant cattle follows the release of histamine at the attachment site. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that a proportion of the larvae will detach following injection or infusion of histamine. Other mediator...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000000950
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal infections by parasitic ciliates were studied in adult snails of Helix aspersa aspersa and Helix aspersa maxima collected from 2 mixed rearing system-based heliciculture farms located in Galicia (NW Spain). The occurrence of ciliates was also examined in slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) invading the greenhouses whe...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182009006040
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various treatments are found to be moderately effective in managing Demodex-related diseases except tea tree oil (TTO) and terpinen-4-ol (T4O), which showed superior miticidal and anti-inflammatory effects in numerous clinical studies. Their possible effects include lowering mite counts, relieving Demodex-related symp...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118202000150X
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syphacia stroma (von Linstow, 1884) Morgan, 1932 and Syphacia frederici Roman, 1945 are oxyurid nematodes that parasitize two murid rodents, Apodemus sylvaticus and Apodemus flavicollis, on the European mainland. Only S. stroma has been recorded previously in Apodemus spp. from the British Isles. Despite the paucity o...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182017001470
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biozzi mice of Selections 1 and 3, each exhibiting either high- or low-antibody responses to a wide range of antigens, were exposed to primary, secondary and tertiary infections of the nematode, Nematospiroides dubius. The course of these infections was followed by monitoring egg output and by examination of the worm ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003118200005705x
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effects of Haemoproteus infection on the survival and pathology caused in the biting midges. Forty-six females of Culicoides impunctatus were exposed experimentally by allowing them to feed on a naturally infected red-backed shrike infected with Haemoproteus lanii (lineage hRB1, gametocytaemia 5·2%). S...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182016001426
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ivermectin treatment may induce severe adverse reactions in some individuals heavily infected with Loa loa. This hampers the implementation of mass ivermectin treatment against onchocerciasis in areas where Onchocerca volvulus and L. loa are co-endemic. In order to identify factors, including co-infections, which may ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003118200600984X
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many different drug-resistant lines of rodent malaria are available as screening models. It is obligatory to screen new compounds for antimalarial activity against a series of resistant lines in order to identify a compound with potential for the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) malaria infections. Instead of u...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003118200500778x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Landscape epidemiology and landscape genetics combine advances in molecular techniques, spatial analyses and epidemiological models to generate a more real-world understanding of infectious disease dynamics and provide powerful new tools for the study of RNA viruses. Using dog rabies as a model we have identified how ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S003118201200090X
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current trend of antimony (Sb) unresponsiveness in the Indian subcontinent is a major impediment to effective chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Although contributory mechanisms studied in laboratory-raised Sb-R parasites include an up-regulation of drug efflux pumps and increased thiols, their role in c...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182007003150
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To compare the structures of natural and re-established populations of Ascaris in humans, universal (mass) chemotherapy was carried out at the beginning and the end of the study year using pyrantel pamoate. Worms expelled within 48 h of treatment were collected, their sex determined, and measurements made of length, w...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182002001737
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary schistosomiasis is an important source of human morbidity in Msambweni, Kenya, where the intermediate host snail, Bulinus nasutus is found in ponds and water pools. In the past, aquatic habitats in the area have been studied separately; however, recent collections of B. nasutus snails and shells indicated that...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182006001594
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00