Abstract:
:clpC of Bacillus subtilis is part of an operon containing six genes. Northern blot analysis suggested that all genes are co-transcribed and encode stress-inducible proteins. Two promoters (PA and PB) were mapped upstream of the first gene. PA resembles promoters recognized by the vegetative RNA polymerase E sigma A. The other promoter (PB) was shown to be dependent on sigma B, the general stress sigma factor in B. subtilis, suggesting that clpC, a potential chaperone, is expressed in a sigma B-dependent manner. This is the first evidence that sigma B in B. subtilis is involved in controlling the expression of a gene whose counterpart, clpB, is subject to regulation by sigma 32 in Escherichia coli, indicating a new function of sigma B-dependent general stress proteins. PB deviated from the consensus sequence of sigma B promoters and was only slightly induced by starvation conditions. Nevertheless, strong induction by heat, ethanol, and salt stress occurred at the sigma B-dependent promoter, whereas the vegetative promoter was only weakly induced under these conditions. However, in a sigB mutant, the sigma A-like promoter became inducible by heat and ethanol stress, completely compensating for sigB deficiency. Only the downstream sigma A-like promoter was induced by certain stress conditions such as hydrogen peroxide or puromycin. These results suggest that novel stress-induction mechanisms are acting at a vegetative promoter. Involvement of additional elements in this mode of induction are discussed.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Krüger E,Msadek T,Hecker Mdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02511.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
713-23issue
4eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Caulobacter crescentus flagellum serves not only as a motility apparatus, but also as a key landmark in the differentiation of this asymmetrically dividing bacterium. A distinctive aspect of flagellum biosynthesis is the periodic expression of the flagellar genes during the cell cycle in a sequence corresponding t...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3281691.x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ubiquitous human commensal Escherichia coli has been well investigated through its model representative E. coli K-12. In this work, we initially characterized E. coli Fec10, a recently isolated human commensal strain of phylogroup A/sequence type ST10. Compared to E. coli K-12, the 4.88 Mbp Fec10 genome is charact...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14614
更新日期:2020-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Almost all bacterial genomes contain DNA of viral origin, including functional prophages or degenerated phage elements. A frequent but often unnoted phenomenon is the spontaneous induction of prophage elements (SPI) even in the absence of an external stimulus. In this study, we have analyzed SPI of the large, degenera...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13147
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The volume of electron flow through the cbb3 branch of the electron transport chain and the redox state of the quinone pool generate signals that regulate photosynthesis gene expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. An inhibitory signal is generated at the level of the catalytic subunit of the cbb3 cytochrome c oxidase ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02299.x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linear plasmids and chromosomes of Streptomyces carry terminal proteins (TPs) covalently attached to the 5' ends of the DNA. Most known telomeres are conserved in primary sequence and in the potential secondary structures formed during replication. The TP that caps these telomeres is also highly conserved and its codi...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05616.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strain DC3000 infects the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, causing disease symptoms characterized by necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorosis. One mechanism used by Pst DC3000 to infect host plants is the type III protein secretion system, which is thought to deliver ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02964.x
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The non-essential RGD1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein that has been characterized in vitro as a Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) for the Rho3 and Rho4 proteins. Rgd1p, which displays a conserved FCH-coiled coil-Rho-GAP domain organization, showed a patch-like distribution in the cell, inclu...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01958.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli regulatory proteins, EnvZ and OmpR, are crucially involved in expression of the outer membrane proteins OmpF/OmpC in response to the medium osmolarity. The EnvZ protein is presumably a membrane-located osmotic sensor (or signal transducer), which exhibits both kinase and phosphatase activities spe...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00438.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium responsible for severe opportunistic infections in humans and animals. Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) was used to identify a gene named fbpA, required for efficient liver colonization of mice inoculated intravenously. FbpA was also shown to be requi...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04138.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum), belonging to the class Mollicutes, is a human pathogen colonizing the urogenital tract and causes among other things respiratory diseases in premature infants. We have studied the salvage of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides in U. urealyticum and cloned a key salvage enzyme, thymidin...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03717.x
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprD is a 420-amino-acid protein that facilitates the uptake of basic amino acids, imipenem and gluconate across the outer membrane. OprD was the first specific porin that could be aligned with members of the non-specific porin super-family. Utilizing multiple alignments in conjugation with stru...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02319.x
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a normal cell cycle, chromosomes are exposed to many biochemical reactions that require specific types of DNA movement. Separation forces move replicated chromosomes into separate sister cell compartments during cell division, and the contemporaneous acts of DNA replication, RNA transcription and cotranscriptio...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04796.x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is due to successive mutations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which reduce their affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. PBP2x is one of the high-Mr PBPs which appears to be altered both in resistant clinical isolates, and in cefotaxime-resistant la...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00115.x
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) variety gattii to analyse the role of mitochondrial MnSOD (SOD2) in fungal biology and virulence. SOD2 was cloned from a Cn cosmid library, sod2 mutant and sod2 + SOD2 reconstituted strains were constructed by homologous rec...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04503.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus subtilis SpoIIE is a Ser protein phosphatase whose action on the phosphoprotein SpoIIAA triggers the cell type-specific activation of a sporulation transcription factor. Here we report that SpoIIE displays sequence similarity to the PP2C family of eukaryotic Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, and that residues com...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.1801552.x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential expression of the genes expressing Pap pili in Escherichia coli was suggested to involve mRNAs with different stabilities. As the result of a post-transcriptional processing event, a papA gene-specific mRNA product (mRNA-A) accumulates in large excess relative to the primary mRNA-BA transcript. Our result...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01928.x
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the characterization of the msbA gene, isolated as a multicopy suppressor of the HtrB temperature-sensitive phenotype. The msbA gene maps to 20.5 min on the Escherichia coli genetic map and encodes a protein with an estimated molecular mass of 64,460 Da, with the properties of an integral membrane protein. T...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01098.x
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The utilization of several sugars in Escherichia coli is regulated by the Phosphotransferase System (PTS), in which diverse sugar utilization modules compete for phosphoryl flux from the general PTS proteins. Existing theoretical work predicts a winner-take-all outcome when this flux limits carbon uptake. To date, no ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13329
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The earliest event in bacterial cell division is the formation of a Z ring, composed of the tubulin-like FtsZ protein, at the division site at midcell. This ring then recruits several other division proteins and together they drive the formation of a division septum between two replicated chromosomes. Here we show tha...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05673.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genotoxic agents from endogenous and exogenous sources cause double-strand breaks (DSBs) in chromosomal DNA. Given the threat these lesions pose to viability, it is not surprising that multiple, conserved mechanisms exist for their detection, processing and repair. Previous studies have established both functional non...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07462.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternaria brassicicola is an important, necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes black spot disease on Brassicas. In order to study pathogenicity mechanisms, gene deletion mutants were generated for 21 putative regulatory genes including kinases and transcription factors subjectively selected from the annotated A. br...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06689.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell wall of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exclusively consists of hydroxyproline-containing glycoproteins. Protein chemical analysis of its polypeptide constituents was hindered by their cross-linking via peroxidase-catalysed intermolecular isodityrosine formation and transaminase-dependent...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07302.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Escherichia coli, the SeqA protein is known as a negative regulator of chromosome replication. This protein is also suggested to have a role in chromosome organization. SeqA preferentially binds to hemi-methylated DNA and is by immunofluorescence microscopy seen as foci situated at the replication factories. Loss o...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04239.x
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A unique 373 bp region (igr66) between grpE and dnaK of Streptococcus mutans lacks a promoter but is required for optimal production of DnaK. Northern blotting using probes specific to hrcA, igr66 or dnaK revealed multiple transcripts produced from the dnaK operon and 5'-RACE mapped 5' termini of multiple dnaK transcr...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13122
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phospholipid homeostasis of the bacterial membrane is maintained by biochemical regulation of the synthesis enzymes depending on the environment. However, genes encoding phospholipid synthesis enzymes might also be regulated during stress responses, in order for the bacteria to adapt their growth to changing environme...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07641.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pseudomonas aeruginosa protein PtxS negatively regulates its own synthesis by binding to the upstream region of its gene. We have recently identified a 14 bp palindromic sequence within the ptxS upstream region as the PtxS operator site (OP1). In this study, we searched the P. aeruginosa genomic sequence to determ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02012.x
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors that enhance the transmission of pathogens are poorly understood. We show that Vibrio cholerae shed in human 'rice-water' stools have a 10-fold lower oral infectious dose in an animal model than in vitro grown V. cholerae, which may aid in transmission during outbreaks. Furthermore, we identify a bacterial fac...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05096.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meningococcal gdhA, encoding the NADP-specific l-glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH), is essential for systemic infection in an infant rat model. In this paper, a limited transcriptional analysis detected differences in gdhA expression among clinical isolates. In strains expressing high levels of gdhA mRNA, two promote...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03947.x
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-transcriptional repression of porin synthesis has emerged as a major function of Hfq-dependent, small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). Many enterobacteria express OmpX-like porins, a family of outer membrane proteins whose physiological roles and structural properties have been studied intensively. While regulatory sRNAs...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06189.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::NADPH oxidases (Nox) produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in multicellular eukaryotic organisms. They trigger defense reactions ('oxidative burst') - in phagocytes and plant cells -, and are involved in a broad range of differentiation processes. Fungal Nox-complexes play a central role in vegetative, sexual and path...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13391
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00