Abstract:
:Does interference, a primary source of forgetting in explicit memory, also affect implicit memory? Several early and highly influential studies have suggested that implicit memory is immune to interference. In contrast, a number of subsequent investigations have reported evidence for interference. As well, amnesic patients, whose performance relies primarily on implicit memory, often show interference effects. A review of methods, materials, and findings suggests that interference occurs on implicit tests when targets and nontargets are similar and so compete as potential responses to the memory cue. Further, there is some evidence that the degree of interference on implicit tasks is affected by the number of competing items and their strength relative to the target. Interference effects in implicit memory seem to parallel those in explicit memory, and the authors consider the implications of this conclusion for theoretical concepts of memory and the brain.
journal_name
Psychol Bulljournal_title
Psychological bulletinauthors
Lustig C,Hasher Ldoi
10.1037/0033-2909.127.5.618subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-01 00:00:00pages
618-28issue
5eissn
0033-2909issn
1939-1455journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The tip-of-the-tongue experience (TOT) has intrigued psychologists for nearly a century. R. Brown and McNeil (1966) provided the first systematic exploration of the phenomenon, and the findings since their seminal study suggest that TOTs (a) are a nearly universal experience, (b) occur about once a week, (c) increase ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.204
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnitude and variability of sex differences in vocational interests were examined in the present meta-analysis for Holland's (1959, 1997) categories (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional), Prediger's (1982) Things-People and Data-Ideas dimensions, and the STEM (science, techn...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/a0017364
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1899, R. S. Woodworth published a seminal monograph, "The Accuracy of Voluntary Movement." As well as making a number of important empirical contributions, Woodworth presented a model of speed-accuracy relations in the control of upper limb movements. The model has come to be known as the two-component model becaus...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.342
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An explosion of research on life events has occurred since the publication of the Holmes and Rahe checklist in 1967. Despite criticism, especially of their use in research on psychopathology, such economical inventories have remained dominant. Most of the problems of reliability and validity with traditional inventori...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.477
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Essential hypertension is perhaps the number-one health problem of Black Americans. Research has indicated that stress-induced cardiovascular hyperreactivity may be a significant contributor to essential hypertension. The high prevalence of hypertension among Blacks suggests that this group, in comparison with Whites,...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.1.89
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis of 205 studies involving 23,702 Ss was conducted to determine whether there are sex differences in self-disclosure. Across these studies, women disclosed slightly more than men (d = .18). This effect size was not homogeneous across studies. Several moderator variables were found. Sex of target and the ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.106
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of child-, family-, and system-focused interventions have been designed to prevent or reduce the negative effects of divorce on children. This article critically evaluates these intervention efforts by examining (a) their relation to basic research on the processes proposed to mediate children's postdivorce a...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.434
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When choosing between delayed or uncertain outcomes, individuals discount the value of such outcomes on the basis of the expected time to or the likelihood of their occurrence. In an integrative review of the expanding experimental literature on discounting, the authors show that although the same form of hyperbola-li...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.769
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors review research on judgments of random and nonrandom sequences involving binary events with a focus on studies documenting gambler's fallacy and hot hand beliefs. The domains of judgment include random devices, births, lotteries, sports performances, stock prices, and others. After discussing existing theo...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0014821
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since their formulation by the Gestalt movement more than a century ago, the principles of perceptual grouping have primarily been investigated in the visual modality and, to a lesser extent, in the auditory modality. The present review addresses the question of whether the same grouping principles also affect the per...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0022335
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognition and behavior exhibit biases consistent with future expectations, and some of these biases result in momentum-like effects and have been linked with the idea of momentum. These momentum-like effects include representational momentum, operational momentum, attentional momentum, behavioral momentum, and psychol...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/bul0000016
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997) has received growing attention in organizational psychology, necessitating a quantitative review that synthesizes its effects on important criteria. In addition, there is need for theoretical integration of regulatory focus theory with personality research. Theoretical integrati...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1037/a0027723
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Openness to Experience is one of the 5 broad factors that subsume most personality traits. Openness is usually considered an intrapsychic dimension, defined in terms of characteristics of consciousness. However, different ways of approaching and processing experience lead to different value systems that exercise a pro...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.3.323
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe burn injuries provide researchers with an opportunity to study the effects of painful but usually transient trauma on psychological functioning. To that end, this article presents a review of the 3 main areas of this body of literature: (a) premorbid characteristics of people who sustain severe burn injuries, (...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.362
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terror management theory (TMT; J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, & S. Solomon, 1986) posits that people are motivated to pursue positive self-evaluations because self-esteem provides a buffer against the omnipresent potential for anxiety engendered by the uniquely human awareness of mortality. Empirical evidence relevant ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.435
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is well known to share a negative cross-sectional relationship with personality constructs defined by positive emotion (positive affect, extraversion, behavioral activation). These Positive Emotionality (PE) constructs have been proposed to represent stable temperamental risk factors for depression, not mer...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/bul0000059
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emphasizing the developmental need for positive peer relationships, in this study the authors tested a social-contextual view of the mechanisms and processes by which early adolescents' achievement and peer relationships may be promoted simultaneously. Meta-analysis was used to review 148 independent studies comparing...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.223
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author reviews the research demonstrating not only that clients withhold personal information and reactions from their therapists but also that such discretion is associated with positive therapy process ratings and outcomes. These results run counter to traditional approaches to psychotherapy, which demand a high...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.4.475
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work examines the moderating effects of status stability, legitimacy, and group permeability on in-group bias among high- and low-status groups. These effects were examined separately for evaluative measures that were relevant as well as irrelevant to the salient status distinctions. The results support social id...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.520
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A deficit in theory of mind (ToM) abilities has been described as the core deficit in autism. The authors performed 3 meta-analyses, comparing ToM abilities of individuals with autism, individuals with mental retardation (MR), and normally developing individuals. Results indicated that individuals with autism and MR h...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.283
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco addiction and chronic pain represent 2 highly prevalent and comorbid conditions that engender substantial burdens upon individuals and systems. Interrelations between pain and smoking have been of clinical and empirical interest for decades, and research in this area has increased dramatically over the past 5 ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0025544
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::C. Gilligan's (1982) critique of L. Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning and her assertion that two modes of moral reasoning (justice and care) exist have been the subject of debate within the field of psychology for more than 15 years. This meta-analysis was conducted to review quantitatively the work on gender diffe...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.703
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Not only do anxiety and depression diagnoses tend to co-occur, but their symptoms are highly correlated. Although a plethora of research has examined longitudinal associations between anxiety and depression, these data have not yet been effectively synthesized. To address this need, the current study undertook a syste...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/bul0000111
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term statistical learning in infancy research originally referred to sensitivity to transitional probabilities. Subsequent research has demonstrated that statistical learning contributes to infant development in a wide array of domains. The range of statistical learning phenomena necessitates a broader view of the...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0030801
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the influence of peers on adolescent smoking should vary depending on social dynamics, there is a lack of understanding of which elements are most crucial and how this dynamic unfolds for smoking initiation and continuation across areas of the world. The present meta-analysis included 75 studies yielding 237 ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/bul0000113
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article considers the evidence for an imitative deficit in autism and for the possible role of deficiencies in the representation of actions. An argument is developed for the claim that the imitation problem is diagnostic of a basic information-processing rather than a social dysfunction. Reviews are offered of t...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonhuman animals are ubiquitous to human life, and permeate a diversity of social contexts by providing humans with food and clothing, serving as participants in research, improving healing, and offering entertainment, leisure, and companionship. Despite the impact that animals have on human lives and vice versa, the ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0038147
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The commentaries on my article contain a number of points with which I disagree but also several with which I agree. For example, I continue to believe that the existence of many cases in which between-person variability does not increase with age indicates that greater variance with increased age is not inevitable am...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0024843
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women and members of other underrepresented groups who break through the glass ceiling often find themselves in precarious leadership positions, a phenomenon that has been termed the glass cliff. The glass cliff has been investigated in a range of domains using various methodologies, but evidence is mixed. In 3 meta-a...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/bul0000234
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health-relevant communications can be framed in terms of the benefits (gains) or costs (losses) associated with a particular behavior, and the framing of such persuasive messages influences health decision making. Although to ask people to consider a health issue in terms of associated costs is considered an effective...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.3
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00