Abstract：
:This study of leg flexion conditioning in dogs, which were trained under both avoidance and classical contingencies consecutively, confirmed and extended the results from the Wahlsten and Cole study (In Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory, Appleton Century-Crofts, New York, 1972). Briefly, dogs were trained to asymptotic behavioral levels under either avoidance or classical contingencies with a CS-US interval of either three (3) or five (5) seconds where the unconditioned stimulus (US) was shock to the foreleg and the conditioned stimulus (CS) was 1000 Hz tone. The dogs were then switched to the other contingency (without any modification in the stimulus situation other than the shock contingency) and trained to asymptotic behavioral levels. The CS remained on for the entire CS-US period and terminated with the end of the scheduled interval. Under the classical contingency, the US occurred as scheduled on every trial regardless of the dog's behavior. Under the avoidance contingency, the US was prevented from occurring if the subject responded with a criterion leg lift during the CS-US interval. The only feedback to the dog of a successful performance was the leg lift itself. The results indicated that there were two different conditioned responses produced, one just after CS onset under the avoidance contingency, and one just before US onset under the classical contingency for both CS-US intervals. The findings were interpreted as supporting a single-factor informational view of learning and a neural model was presented.
journal_name
Behav Brain Resjournal_title
Behavioural brain researchauthors
Cassady JMdoi
10.1016/0166-4328(95)00174-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
79-99issue
1-2eissn
0166-4328issn
1872-7549pii
0166-4328(95)00174-3journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In rats, lesions of the thalamic intralaminar nuclei (ILn) impair measures of working memory, but it is unclear whether alterations of attention contribute to the mnemonic deficits. The present experiment tested the effects of ILn lesions on a two-lever attention task that required discrimination of visual signals and...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2005.03.018
更新日期：2005-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The area postrema (AP), a chemosensitive organ located in the fourth ventricle, has been shown to mediate the formation of a lithium-induced conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) in rats. The present experiments examined the role of the AP in the discrimination between two equimolar solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) and...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(97)02279-1
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early experiences affect brain function and behavior at adulthood. Being reared in a communal nest (CN), consisting in a single nest where three mothers keep their pups together and share care-giving behavior from birth to weaning (postnatal day 25), provides a highly stimulating social environment to the developing p...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2006.05.019
更新日期：2006-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:This is a review of our current knowledge about the role of the periaqueductal grey (PAG) in vocal control. It shows that electrical stimulation of the PAG can evoke species-specific calls with short latency and low habituation in many mammals. The vocalization-eliciting region contains neurones the activity of which ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(94)90017-5
更新日期：1994-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Experience-dependent synaptic plasticity is widely expressed in the mammalian brain and is believed to underlie memory formation. Persistent forms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are particularly of interest, as evidence is accumulating tha...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.022
更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal models allow insights into complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Apomorphine-susceptible rats (so-called APO-SUS rats) provide a model that displays a complex phenotype with schizophrenia-related features and together with its phenotypic counterpart (APO-UNSUS rats) has been independently generated twice (origi...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.042
更新日期：2010-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence suggests that a brain-gut-microbiome axis exists, which has the potential to play a major role in modulating behaviour. However, the role of this axis in cognition remains relatively unexplored. Probiotics, which are commensal bacteria offering potential health benefit, have been shown to decrease ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.044
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chicks hatched from eggs incubated in the dark (D-chicks) or from eggs exposed to light during the last 3 days before hatching (L-chicks) were trained on day 4 to peck at small cones for food reinforcement. The cones had different patterns (checked or striped) and were located in different positions (either on the lef...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2005.03.024
更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Recognizing and categorizing visual stimuli are cognitive functions vital for survival, and an important feature of visual systems in primates as well as in birds. Visual stimuli are processed along the ventral visual pathway. At every stage in the hierarchy, neurons respond selectively to more complex features, trans...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.014
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the consolidation of spatial memory, we examined the relationship between the increase of hippocampal BDNF and the establishment of long-term spatial memory in spontaneous place recognition test in rats. The test consisted of a sample phas...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.034
更新日期：2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The complexity of the brain, in which different neuronal cell types are interspersed and complexly interconnected, has posed a major obstacle in identifying pathophysiological mechanisms underlying prevalent neurological disorders. This is largely based in the inability of classical experimental approaches to target d...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2013.07.007
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is well documented that exposure to aversive stimuli induces modulation of neural circuits and subsequent behavioral changes, the means by which an aversive stimulus concomitantly alters behaviors of different natures (e.g., defensive and appetitive) remains unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by using ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.010
更新日期：2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In the USA, the stimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) is used to treat a large number (2 million or more per year) of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Although the US FDA approved MPH in the 1960s, the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of serum concentrations of MPH in children with ADHD wer...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00433-8
更新日期：2002-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical signals play a critical role in interindividual communication, including mother-young relationships. Detecting odor cues released by the mammary area is vital to the newborn's survival. European rabbit females secret a mammary pheromone (MP) in their milk, which releases sucking-related orocephalic movements ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.014
更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Blind pointing (i.e. pointing to visual targets without seeing the pointing arm) was investigated in normal subjects in response to stepwise lateral tilts (20 degrees) of the body, head, and trunk. Blind pointing positions of the right index finger on the outer surface of a hemispherical screen were measured relative ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(88)90140-4
更新日期：1988-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that dysregulation of the amygdala contributes to the exaggerated autonomic response to stress in an animal model of essential hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar male rats were chronically instrumented and exposed to 20 min of ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.036
更新日期：2011-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study we evaluated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) system in the antidepressant-like effects of chronic lithium administration in the mouse forced swimming test (FST). Administration of lithium chloride (300 mg/L in drinking water for 21 days) had no effect on the immobility of mice in the FST, whe...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.032
更新日期：2009-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are ethologically-essential social signals. Under natural conditions, 22kHz USVs and 50kHz USVs are emitted in association with negative and positive emotional states, respectively. Our first experiment examined freezing behavior elicited in naïve Sprague-Dawley rats by a 22kHz USV,...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.040
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to outline the involvement of the hippocampus in behavior and memory functions the results of grafting experiments in the hippocampal formation are presented in addition to former lesion and stimulation studies. Grafts of fetal hippocampal tissue were found to induce short-term beneficial effects on learning ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(94)00125-y
更新日期：1995-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were trained on a reinforced alternation paradigm using an elevated T-maze. After pre-surgical training subjects received either ibotenic acid (4 micrograms/0.4 microliter) or vehicle (pH 7.4, 0.4 microliter) bilaterally into the region of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis--an important source of neocortical ac...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(84)90030-5
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dopamine (DA) precursor, L-DOPA (500 microg), was injected into living crickets, which were ingested (one each) by adult male Anolis carolinensis. This method of delivery elevated plasma L-DOPA and DA concentrations by approximately 1000-fold. In contrast, plasma epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) were not ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2004.05.009
更新日期：2005-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously found [42] that lesions of the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) cause temporary deficits in the production of eye movements. In order to both define regions participating in the ensuing recovery and to further explore the cortical control of eye movements, we examined the effects of addition of f...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(96)00131-3
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in which learning about the context, acquiring the context-shock association, and retrieving/expressing contextual fear are temporally dissociated. The current study investigated the involvement of NMDA receptors in contextua...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.025
更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Amphetamine (AMPH) is known as an anorectic agent. Repeated treatments of AMPH for several days induced a marked anorexia on day 1 followed by a gradual return of food intake to normal level. Previously, using daily food intake (DFI) as an indicator, we found that both dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors were involved i...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2003.04.001
更新日期：2003-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous work suggests that pharmacological induction of oxidative stress causes anxiety-like behavior in rats. Interestingly, sleep deprivation is reported to cause oxidative damage in the brain and is also reported to be anxiogenic. Minimal mechanistic insights are available. In this study, using a behavioral an...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2011.05.010
更新日期：2011-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Animals treated with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ODHA) injections, an animal model of Parkinson's disease, exhibit deficits in memory for temporal order, but show intact novel object recognition. Since senktide, a potent neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3-R) agonist, has been shown to have promnestic effects in the aged r...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.006
更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The lesion of the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) and especially of the dopaminergic (DA) A10 neurons induced disturbances of spontaneous activity in the rat. Measured in different situations (circular corridor, open field, hole box), locomotor activity was dramatically and permanently increased (5 days of recor...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(80)90024-8
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of a rat-robot was initially introduced in 2002, bringing to the field, a novel area of research using modern research into neuroscience and robotics. This paper brings to the table, a study into the method best used for navigation systems in a rat-robot. Current research is epitomized by the use of reward...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.002
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following blockage of the protein transport by colchicine or by interruption of the rubrofugal descending pathway, choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons were found in the red nucleus of the rat. Their morphology and location suggest that they are rubrospinal neurons. ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(88)90082-4
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Raccoons have been widely used for neurobiological research and with respect to paw (hand) use have been 'considered' to be primates because they display highly developed skilled hand use. Their exceptional manipulatory ability is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective both because they belong to a taxon that is di...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00067-9
更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00
