Methods for epidemiologic analyses of multiple exposures: a review and comparative study of maximum-likelihood, preliminary-testing, and empirical-Bayes regression.

abstract：:Relative survival is used to estimate patient survival excluding causes of death not related to the disease of interest. Rather than using cause of death information from death certificates, which is often poorly recorded, relative survival compares the observed survival to that expected in a matched group from the ge...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lambert PC,Smith LK,Jones DR,Botha JL

更新日期：2005-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Combining multiple markers can improve classification accuracy compared with using a single marker. In practice, covariates associated with markers or disease outcome can affect the performance of a biomarker or biomarker combination in the population. The covariate-adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cur...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kim S,Huang Y

更新日期：2017-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A few large multi-centre male-only heart trials done in the 1970s and 1980s have been seen as ill-conceived because they did not include females. The purpose here is to revisit two of those trials and to consider consequences in terms of cost and power had they been designed to include females. ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Meinert CL

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews Bayesian strategies for monitoring clinical trial data. It focuses on a Bayesian stochastic curtailment method based on the predictive probability of observing a clinically significant outcome at the scheduled end of the study given the observed data. The proposed method is applied to derive efficac...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Dmitrienko A,Wang MD

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper discusses and compares several estimators of mean rate of change in unbalanced longitudinal data based on a model with randomly distributed regression coefficients across individuals. The estimators are unweighted and weighted means of these coefficients. The paper also evaluates commonly used variance esti...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Palta M,Cook T

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Confidence intervals for a standardized effect are derived after stabilizing the variance of the Welch t-statistic. Simulation studies demonstrate the viability of the resulting intervals for a wide range of parameter values and sample sizes as small as five. The methodology is extended to the combination of results f...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kulinskaya E,Staudte RG

更新日期：2007-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is a compendium of exact and asymptotic formulae and tables for estimating the sample size in a clinical trial with two treatment groups and a dichotomous outcome. The paper provides separate formulae for equal and unequal treatment group sizes, formulae for the calculation of power given the sample size, a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Sahai H,Khurshid A

更新日期：1996-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We survey models for analysing repeated observations on an ordered categorical response variable. The models presented are univariate models that permit correlation among repeated measurements. The models describe simultaneously the dependence of marginal response distributions on values of explanatory variables and o...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Agresti A

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When interpreting screening mammograms radiologists decide whether suspicious abnormalities exist that warrant the recall of the patient for further testing. Previous work has found significant differences in interpretation among radiologists; their false-positive and false-negative rates have been shown to vary widel...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Woodard DB,Gelfand AE,Barlow WE,Elmore JG

更新日期：2007-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In the analysis of composite endpoints in a clinical trial, time to first event analysis techniques such as the logrank test and Cox proportional hazard test do not take into account the multiplicity, importance, and the severity of events in the composite endpoint. Several generalized pairwise comparison analysis met...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Verbeeck J,Spitzer E,de Vries T,van Es GA,Anderson WN,Van Mieghem NM,Leon MB,Molenberghs G,Tijssen J

更新日期：2019-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials, especially the randomized clinical trial, have been and will remain the gold standard for the evaluation of new interventions, including pharmaceuticals, biologics, medical devices, procedures, or behavioral modifications. Despite more than five decades of experience, there are still challenges in the...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： DeMets DL

更新日期：2012-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Determination of the equation that relates an ordered dependent variable to ordered independent variables is sought. One solution, non-parametric discriminant analysis (NPD), involves obtaining the best monotonic step function by means of a computer search procedure. Although one can use alternative selection criteria...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Johnston B,Seshia SS

更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dependence between observations on a dichotomous variable renders invalid the usual chi-square tests of independence and inflates the variances of parameter estimates. Such a situation occurs, for example, when subjects consist of members of the same family or with repeated observations on the same person. In this pap...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Donald A,Donner A

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although statistical methodology is well-developed for comparing diagnostic tests in terms of their sensitivity and specificity, comparative inference about predictive values is not. In this paper, we consider the analysis of studies comparing operating characteristics of two diagnostic tests that are measured on all ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kwak M,Um SW,Jung SH

更新日期：2015-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine Goodman and Kruskal's lambda using Efron's approach to regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for zero-one outcome data. For a binary response cross-classified by a single nominal predictor, we present a computationally simple ANOVA table in which lambda is analogous to Pearson's R-square. We character...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Makuch RW,Rosenberg PS,Scott G

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is not uncommon for a continuous outcome variable Y to be dichotomized and analysed using logistic regression. Moser and Coombs (Statist. Med. 2004; 23:1843-1860) provide a method for converting the output from a standard linear regression analysis using the original continuous outcome Y to give much more efficient...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Jiang Y,Scott A,Wild CJ

更新日期：2009-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes the Stoke Index which has been designed to give a global measure of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The index is based on two objective laboratory measurements, one subjective and two semi-objective clinical measurements, chosen from 13 measurements using clinical judgement. Variable sel...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Jones PW,Ziade MF,Davis MJ,Dawes PT

更新日期：1993-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Phase II and phase III trials play a crucial role in drug development programs. They are costly and time consuming and, because of high failure rates in late development stages, at the same time risky investments. Commonly, sample size calculation of phase III is based on the treatment effect observed in phase II. The...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kirchner M,Kieser M,Götte H,Schüler A

更新日期：2016-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Log-linear models for capture-recapture type data are widely used for estimating sizes of populations. Log-linear methods model conditional interactions between the sources. Often, however, the marginal associations are more appropriate and easier for the practitioner to conceptualize. Analyses here of previously publ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Regal RR,Hook EB

更新日期：1998-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Data monitoring committees (DMCs) have become an increasingly common component of randomized clinical trials in recent years. As experience has accumulated, and more individuals and organizations have become involved in such activities, a variety of approaches to the operation of such committees has inevitably arisen....

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ellenberg SS

更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes compliance with the completion of a quality of life questionnaire in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial, a large multi-centre randomized trial that is studying the efficacy of Tamoxifen in preventing breast cancer. In the first 4875 women enrolled in the control arm of the study, there was a very ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ganz PA,Day R,Costantino J

更新日期：1998-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The World Health Organization and collaborating institutions in four developing countries have conducted a multi-centre randomized controlled trial, in which clinics were allocated at random to two antenatal care (ANC) models. These were the standard 'Western' ANC model and a 'new' ANC model consisting of tests, clini...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Piaggio G,Carroli G,Villar J,Pinol A,Bakketeig L,Lumbiganon P,Bergsjø P,Al-Mazrou Y,Ba'aqeel H,Belizán JM,Farnot U,Berendes H,WHO Antenatal Care Trial Research Group.

更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A trial of Duchenne muscular dystrophy involved tracking boys of all ages through a one-year baseline period, followed by a one-year trial of leucine versus placebo treatment. In this paper we develop a model for a total-muscle-strength score that uses the data of the extended baseline period in the evaluation of the ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Madsen KS,Miller JP,Province MA

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine the properties of several tests for goodness-of-fit for multinomial logistic regression. One test is based on a strategy of sorting the observations according to the complement of the estimated probability for the reference outcome category and then grouping the subjects into g equal-sized groups. A g x c c...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Fagerland MW,Hosmer DW,Bofin AM

更新日期：2008-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider the use of the assurance method in clinical trial planning. In the assurance method, which is an alternative to a power calculation, we calculate the probability of a clinical trial resulting in a successful outcome, via eliciting a prior probability distribution about the relevant treatment effect. This i...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ren S,Oakley JE

更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider the problem of identifying subgroups of participants in a clinical trial that have enhanced treatment effect. Recursive partitioning methods that recursively partition the covariate space based on some measure of between groups treatment effect difference are popular for such subgroup identification. The m...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Steingrimsson JA,Yang J

更新日期：2019-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes a method for estimating the risk from a disease over a set of contiguous geographical regions, when data on a potentially important covariate, such as race, are not available. Conditions under which the extra margin can be recovered are suggested. An application to prostate cancer mortality among ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Byers S,Besag J

更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we discuss statistical inference for a 2 × 2 table under inverse sampling, where the total number of cases is fixed by design. We demonstrate that the exact unconditional distributions of some relevant statistics differ from the distributions under conventional sampling, where the sample size is fixed b...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Heimann G,Von Tress M,Gasparini M

更新日期：2015-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In a cluster randomized cross-over trial, all participating clusters receive both intervention and control treatments consecutively, in separate time periods. Patients recruited by each cluster within the same time period receive the same intervention, and randomization determines order of treatment within a cluster. ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Turner RM,White IR,Croudace T,PIP Study Group.

更新日期：2007-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Obtaining accurate estimates of the performance of a diagnostic test for some population of patients might be difficult when the sample of subjects used for this purpose is not representative for the whole population. Thus, in the motivating example of this paper a test is evaluated by comparing its results with those...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Buzoianu M,Kadane JB

更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00