Abstract:
:This paper describes a method for estimating the risk from a disease over a set of contiguous geographical regions, when data on a potentially important covariate, such as race, are not available. Conditions under which the extra margin can be recovered are suggested. An application to prostate cancer mortality among the non-white population in the counties of the U.S.A. is discussed.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Byers S,Besag Jdoi
10.1002/1097-0258(20000915/30)19:17/18<2243::aid-ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-15 00:00:00pages
2243-9issue
17-18eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258pii
10.1002/1097-0258(20000915/30)19:17/18<2243::AID-Sjournal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Variation in heart disease (HD) mortality rates across census tracts is greater than expected given binomial error and available explanatory variables. We extended an extra-binomial variation model for rates standardized by the direct method. The overdispersion parameter accounted for 36 per cent of the observed varia...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780091009
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there are many models which are used to calculate the health benefits (and thus the cost-effectiveness) of vaccination programmes, they can be divided into two groups: those which assume a constant force of infection, that is a constant per-susceptible rate of infection; and those which assume that the force ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19991215)18:23<3263::aid-s
更新日期:1999-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hot-deck imputation is an intuitively simple and popular method of accommodating incomplete data. Users of the method will often use the usual multiple imputation variance estimator which is not appropriate in this case. However, no variance expression has yet been derived for this easily implemented method applied to...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970115)16:1<5::aid-sim46
更新日期:1997-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Detecting safety signals in clinical trial safety data is known to be challenging due to high dimensionality, rare occurrence, weak signal, and complex dependence. We propose a new hierarchical testing approach for analyzing safety data from a typical randomized clinical trial. This approach accounts for the hierarchi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8495
更新日期:2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Risk prediction procedures can be quite useful for the patient's treatment selection, prevention strategy, or disease management in evidence-based medicine. Often, potentially important new predictors are available in addition to the conventional markers. The question is how to quantify the improvement from the new ma...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5647
更新日期:2013-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Confidence intervals for a standardized effect are derived after stabilizing the variance of the Welch t-statistic. Simulation studies demonstrate the viability of the resulting intervals for a wide range of parameter values and sample sizes as small as five. The methodology is extended to the combination of results f...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2751
更新日期:2007-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::We present a model for describing correlated binocular data from reader-based diagnostic studies, where the same group of readers evaluates the presence or absence of certain diseases on binocular organs (e.g., fellow eyes) of patients. Multiple random effects are incorporated to meaningfully delineate various associa...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6584
更新日期:2015-12-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780121906
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a new method of detection and inference for spatial clusters of a disease. To avoid ad hoc procedures to test for clustering, we have a clearly defined alternative hypothesis and our test statistic is based on the likelihood ratio. The proposed test can detect clusters of any size, located anywhere in the s...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780140809
更新日期:1995-04-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8418
更新日期:2020-02-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780080410
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of classification and regression tree (CART) methodology is explored for the diagnosis of patients complaining of anterior chest pain. The results are compared with those previously obtained using correspondence analysis and independent Bayes classification. The technique is shown to be of potential value for ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970415)16:7<717::aid-sim
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Service on the Data Monitoring Committee of the CPEP (Calcium for Pre-eclampsia Prevention) has led us to four conclusions about clinical trials which we should like to present to this gathering of biostatisticians for their reactions: (i) meta-analyses of the pertinent published trials of the same therapy should alwa...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960630)15:12<1263::AID-S
更新日期:1996-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::In the last decade or so, pharmaceutical drug development activities in the area of new antibacterial drugs for treating serious bacterial diseases have declined, and at the same time, there are worries that the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, especially the increase in drug-resistan...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6233
更新日期:2014-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::In many practical applications, count data often exhibit greater or less variability than allowed by the equality of mean and variance, referred to as overdispersion/underdispersion, and there are several reasons that may lead to the overdispersion/underdispersion such as zero inflation and mixture. Moreover, if the c...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5560
更新日期:2013-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In observational cohort studies we may wish to examine the associations between fixed patient characteristics and the longitudinal changes from baseline in a repeated outcome measure. Many biological and other outcome measures are known to be subject to measurement error and biological variation. In an initial analysi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3725
更新日期:2009-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::We consider methods for selecting the joint specification of the mean and variance functions in statistical models for rates or counts. Based on analyses of diagnosis-specific hospital discharge rates in Michigan, we show that a Poisson model with an extra variance component for the systematic variation is superior to...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780100908
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In genetic association studies, mixed effects models have been widely used in detecting the pleiotropy effects which occur when one gene affects multiple phenotype traits. In particular, bivariate mixed effects models are useful for describing the association of a gene with a continuous trait and a binary trait. Howev...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8688
更新日期:2020-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::A statistical definition of surrogate endpoints as well as validation criteria was first presented by Prentice. Freedman et al. supplemented these criteria with the so-called proportion explained. Buyse and Molenberghs pointed to inadequacies of these criteria and suggested a new definition of surrogacy based on (i) t...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.923
更新日期:2001-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Although the literature on contraceptive failure is vast and is expanding rapidly, our understanding of the relative efficacy of methods is quite limited because of defects in the research design and in the analytical tools used by investigators. Errors in the literature range from simple arithmetical mistakes to outr...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/sim.4780100206
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interval-censored survival data often occur in medical studies, especially in clinical trials. In this case, many authors have considered estimation of a survival function. There is, however, relatively little discussion on estimating the variance of estimated survival functions. For right-censored data, a special cas...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.719
更新日期:2001-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::In the pharmaceutical industry, an assay method is considered validated if the accuracy and precision for an assay meet some acceptable limits. This paper discusses the assessment of assay precision in terms of the estimation of total variability of an assay from a one-way random effects model which is often considere...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780101006
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three-arm trials including the experimental treatment, an active reference treatment and a placebo are recommended in the guidelines of the ICH and EMEA/CPMP as a useful approach to the assessment of assay sensitivity. Generally, the acceptable non-inferiority margin Δ has been defined as the maximum clinically irrele...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4099
更新日期:2011-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The case-control study is a simple and an useful method to characterize the effect of a gene, the effect of an exposure, as well as the interaction between the two. The control-free case-only study is yet an even simpler design, if interest is centered on gene-environment interaction only. It requires the sometimes pl...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4028
更新日期:2010-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Delay in the outcome variable is challenging for outcome-adaptive randomization, as it creates a lag between the number of subjects accrued and the information known at the time of the analysis. Motivated by a real-life pediatric ulcerative colitis trial, we consider a case where a short-term predictor is available fo...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6222
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper assesses the coverage probability of commonly used confidence intervals for the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) when death certificates are missing. It also proposes alternative confidence interval approaches with coverage probabilities close to .95. In epidemiology, the SMR is an important measure of ri...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7432
更新日期:2017-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Prevention studies, as distinguished from studies investigating treatments for established disease, present some distinct challenges. Perhaps the most extensive experience with preventive agents is in the area of infectious diseases; vaccines have been extremely effective in preventing many such diseases. Vaccines hav...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1717
更新日期:2004-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Both traditional phase I designs and the increasingly popular continual reassessment method (CRM) designs select an estimate of maximum tolerable dose (MTD) from among a set of prespecified dose levels. Although CRM designs use an implied dose-response model to select the next dose level, in general it is neither assu...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.903
更新日期:2001-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::The publication of Fisher's correspondence on statistics has shed new light on his views on randomization. Quotations from this correspondence and from other works of Fisher are used to illustrate the role of randomization in clinical trials. It is concluded that Fisher's views not only are coherent but, despite havin...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780130305
更新日期:1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::For clinical trials with multiple treatment arms or endpoints a variety of sequentially rejective, weighted Bonferroni-type tests have been proposed, such as gatekeeping procedures, fixed sequence tests, and fallback procedures. They allow to map the difference in importance as well as the relationship between the var...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3495
更新日期:2009-02-15 00:00:00