An index of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

abstract：:Proportional odds regression models for multinomial probabilities based on ordered categories have been generalized in two somewhat different directions. Models having scale as well as location parameters for adjustment of boundaries (on an unobservable, underlying continuum) between categories have been employed in t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cox C

更新日期：1995-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We estimate a Cox proportional hazards model where one of the covariates measures the level of a subject's cognitive functioning by grading the total score obtained by the subject on the items of a questionnaire. A case study is presented where the sample includes partial respondents, who did not answer some questionn...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lagona F,Zhang Z

更新日期：2010-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Equivalence trials aim to show that two treatments have equivalent therapeutic effects. The approach is to define, in advance, a range of equivalence -d to +d for the treatment difference such that any value in the range is clinically unimportant. If the confidence interval for the difference, calculated after the tri...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ebbutt AF,Frith L

更新日期：1998-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A new testing approach is described for improving statistical tests of independence in sets of tables stratified on one or more relevant factors in case of categorical (nominal or ordinal) variables. Common tests of independence that exploit the ordinality of one of the variables use a restricted-alternative approach....

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Iannario M,Lang JB

更新日期：2016-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Linear mixed effects (LME) models are increasingly used for analyses of biological and biomedical data. When the multivariate normal assumption is not adequate for an LME model, then a robust estimation approach is preferable to the maximum likelihood one. M-estimators were considered before for robust estimation of t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chervoneva I,Vishnyakov M

更新日期：2011-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Standard randomization-based tests of sharp null hypotheses in randomized clinical trials, that is, intent-to-treat analyses, are valid without extraneous assumptions, but generally can be appropriately powerful only with alternative hypotheses that involve treatment assignment having an effect on outcome. In the cont...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Rubin DB

更新日期：1998-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Many observational studies adopt what we call retrospective convenience sampling (RCS). With the sample size in each arm prespecified, RCS randomly selects subjects from the treatment-inclined subpopulation into the treatment arm and those from the control-inclined into the control arm. Samples in each arm are represe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hu Z,Qin J

更新日期：2018-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A Non-Parametric Maximum Likelihood approach to the estimation of relative risks in the context of disease mapping is discussed and a NPML approximation to conditional autoregressive models is proposed. NPML estimates have been compared to other proposed solutions (Maximum Likelihood via Monte Carlo Scoring, Hierarchi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Biggeri A,Marchi M,Lagazio C,Martuzzi M,Böhning D

更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to a carcinogen is likely to be reflected by temporal clustering of cancer cases among the community members. Detection of such clustering is a complicated task in general and more so in a small workplace community with low turnover rate. In this study we applied the CUSCORE test and the q-interval statistic ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chen R,Froom P

更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The additional time to complete a three-period two-treatment (3P2T) cross-over trial may cause a greater number of patient dropouts than with a two-period trial. This paper develops maximum likelihood (ML), single imputation and multiple imputation missing data analysis methods for the 3P2T cross-over designs. We use ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Richardson BA,Flack VF

更新日期：1996-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The World Health Organization and collaborating institutions in four developing countries have conducted a multi-centre randomized controlled trial, in which clinics were allocated at random to two antenatal care (ANC) models. These were the standard 'Western' ANC model and a 'new' ANC model consisting of tests, clini...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Piaggio G,Carroli G,Villar J,Pinol A,Bakketeig L,Lumbiganon P,Bergsjø P,Al-Mazrou Y,Ba'aqeel H,Belizán JM,Farnot U,Berendes H,WHO Antenatal Care Trial Research Group.

更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Individuals may vary in their responses to treatment, and identification of subgroups differentially affected by a treatment is an important issue in medical research. The risk of misleading subgroup analyses has become well known, and some exploratory analyses can be helpful in clarifying how covariates potentially i...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kim HJ,Lu B,Nehus EJ,Kim MO

更新日期：2019-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Pattern-mixture models (PMM) and selection models (SM) are alternative approaches for statistical analysis when faced with incomplete data and a nonignorable missing-data mechanism. Both models make empirically unverifiable assumptions and need additional constraints to identify the parameters. Here, we first introduc...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kaciroti NA,Raghunathan T

更新日期：2014-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In many chronic diseases, therapy aims to prevent or reduce the frequency of episodes of a disease manifestation, for example cardiac ischaemic episodes or epileptic seizures. Entry criteria for clinical trials typically include a minimum number of episodes within a baseline period, and regression to the mean should b...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： McMahon RP,Proschan M,Geller NL,Stone PH,Sopko G

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The problem for assessing biosimilarity and drug interchangeability of follow-on biologics (biosimilar products) is studied. Unlike the generic products, the development of biosimilar products is much more complicated because of fundamental differences in functional structures and manufacturing processes. As a result,...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chow SC,Wang J,Endrenyi L,Lachenbruch PA

更新日期：2013-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, follow-on biological products (biosimilars) have received much attention from both the biotechnology industry and the regulatory agencies, especially after the passage of the 2010 healthcare reform bill. Unlike the traditional small-molecule drug products, the development of biological products is not...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Yang J,Zhang N,Chow SC,Chi E

更新日期：2013-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The design of clinical trials often requires knowledge of quantities such as between- and within subject variances about which only imprecise information exists. To provide assurance that the study has the desired power to detect a minimum clinically meaningful difference between treatment groups. Gould, Gould and Shi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Shih WJ,Gould AL

更新日期：1995-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical studies that involve the recording of two or more distinct and well-defined events on each subject give rise to multiple event data. Treatment comparisons are usually reported in univariate analyses of time to first event or number of events observed. However, this approach may not uncover the 'full story' of...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Barai U,Teoh N

更新日期：1997-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide a Bayesian analysis of data categorized into two levels of age (younger than 50 years, at least 50 years) and three levels of bone mineral density (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis) for white females at least 20 years old in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. For the sample, the age...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Nandram B,Liu N,Choi JW,Cox L

更新日期：2005-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper gives a standard error for Cohen's Kappa, conditional on the margins of the observed r x r table. An explicit formula is given for the 2 x 2 table, and a procedure for the more general situation. A parsimonious log-linear model is suggested for the general case and an approximate confidence interval for kap...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Garner JB

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effective dose (ED) is the pharmaceutical dosage required to produce a therapeutic response in a fixed proportion of the patients. When only one drug is considered, the problem is a univariate one and has been well-studied. However, in the multidimensional setting, that is, in the presence of combinations of agent...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Jankowski H,Ji X,Stanberry L

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of multivariate time-to-event (TTE) data can become complicated due to the presence of clustering, leading to dependence between multiple event times. For a long time, (conditional) frailty models and (marginal) copula models have been used to analyze clustered TTE data. In this article, we propose a gene...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Tran TMP,Abrams S,Braekers R

更新日期：2020-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This field study sought to measure the effects of dental delivery and school-based, dental health education on use of dental health care by children in grades K-6. We attempted to control for two potential confounding factors by an approximate randomization of children into treatment groups with stratification on grad...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Oler J,Bentley JM

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Correlation is always a concern in the analysis of clustered data. One area of interest is to develop a general correlation modelling approach for high dimensional data with unbalanced hierarchical and heterogeneous data structures, e.g. multilevel data. Commonly used correlation structures might have limitation for s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chao EC

更新日期：2006-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In the recent years, studies of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics have drawn great attention as they provide insight into the process of virus elimination/production and of infected cells decay during antiviral treatment. Estimates of viral dynamic parameters may be used to determine the lifetime ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Sypsa V,Hatzakis A

更新日期：2008-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In medical and health studies, heterogeneities in clustered count data have been traditionally modeled by positive random effects in Poisson mixed models; however, excessive zeros often occur in clustered medical and health count data. In this paper, we consider a three-level random effects zero-inflated Poisson model...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ma R,Hasan MT,Sneddon G

更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Methodology for the meta-analysis of individual patient data with survival end-points is proposed. Motivated by questions about the reliance on hazard ratios as summary measures of treatment effects, a parametric approach is considered and percentile ratios are introduced as an alternative to hazard ratios. The genera...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Siannis F,Barrett JK,Farewell VT,Tierney JF

更新日期：2010-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Both the variation of positive responses (negative responses) among individuals and the internal correlation among responses for the same individual affect the precision of the estimate of sensitivity (specificity). To estimate the sensitivity (specificity) of a medical diagnostic test, this paper proposes a Bayesian ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lui KJ

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We review two recent trends: the emergence of evidence-based medicine and the growing use of Bayesian statistics in medical applications. Evidence-based medicine requires an integrated assessment of the available evidence, and associated uncertainty, but there is also an emphasis on decision-making, for individual pat...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ashby D,Smith AF

更新日期：2000-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In England and Wales, a large-scale multiple statistical surveillance system for infectious disease outbreaks has been in operation for nearly two decades. This system uses a robust quasi-Poisson regression algorithm to identify abberrances in weekly counts of isolates reported to the Health Protection Agency. In this...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Noufaily A,Enki DG,Farrington P,Garthwaite P,Andrews N,Charlett A

更新日期：2013-03-30 00:00:00