Modelling heterogeneity in clustered count data with extra zeros using compound Poisson random effect.

abstract：:This paper gives a standard error for Cohen's Kappa, conditional on the margins of the observed r x r table. An explicit formula is given for the 2 x 2 table, and a procedure for the more general situation. A parsimonious log-linear model is suggested for the general case and an approximate confidence interval for kap...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Garner JB

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In genetic association studies, it is typically thought that genetic variants and environmental variables jointly will explain more of the inheritance of a phenotype than either of these two components separately. Traditional methods to identify gene-environment interactions typically consider only one measured enviro...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Pashova H,LeBlanc M,Kooperberg C

更新日期：2013-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Appropriate quantification of added usefulness offered by new markers included in risk prediction algorithms is a problem of active research and debate. Standard methods, including statistical significance and c statistic are useful but not sufficient. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) offers a simple intuitive w...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Pencina MJ,D'Agostino RB Sr,Steyerberg EW

更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we describe Bonferroni-based multiple testing procedures (MTPs) as strategies to split and recycle test mass. Here, 'test mass' refers to (parts of) the nominal level alpha at which the family-wise error rate is controlled. Briefly, test mass is split between different null hypotheses, and whenever a nul...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Burman CF,Sonesson C,Guilbaud O

更新日期：2009-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Among subjects who have experienced a biological event, such as menarche, menopause or a delivery, one cannot distinguish the effects of time since the event from age at the event due to the linear dependency among these time variables and age at study ('current age'). This is a well-known problem that also exists in ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hsieh CC,Lan SJ

更新日期：1996-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) scheme is a cost-effective sampling scheme where one observes the exposure with a probability that depends on the outcome. The well-known such design is the case-control design for binary response, the case-cohort design for the failure time data, and the general ODS design for a conti...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lu TS,Longnecker MP,Zhou H

更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There is an increasing interest in the use of propensity score methods to estimate causal effects in observational studies. However, recent systematic reviews have demonstrated that propensity score methods are inconsistently used and frequently poorly applied in the medical literature. In this study, we compared the ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Austin PC,Mamdani MM

更新日期：2006-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical research often involves continuous outcome measures, such as blood cholesterol, that are amenable to statistical techniques of analysis based on the mean, such as the t-test or multiple linear regression. Clinical interest, however, frequently focuses on the proportion of subjects who fall below or above a cl...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Suissa S,Blais L

更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We review two recent trends: the emergence of evidence-based medicine and the growing use of Bayesian statistics in medical applications. Evidence-based medicine requires an integrated assessment of the available evidence, and associated uncertainty, but there is also an emphasis on decision-making, for individual pat...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ashby D,Smith AF

更新日期：2000-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In a typical bioequivalence trial, summary measures of the plasma concentration versus time profile are used to compare two formulations of a drug product. Commonly used measures include area under the curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and time to maximum concentration (T(max)). Equivalence of these s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mauger DT,Chinchilli VM

更新日期：2000-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of treatment selection biomarkers has become very important in cancer drug development. Adaptive enrichment designs have been developed for situations where a unique treatment selection biomarker is not apparent based on the mechanism of action of the drug. With such designs, the eligibility rules may b...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Simon R,Simon N

更新日期：2017-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:When the event time of interest depends on the censoring time, conventional two-sample test methods, such as the log-rank and Wilcoxon tests, can produce an invalid test result. We extend our previous work on estimation using auxiliary variables to adjust for dependent censoring via multiple imputation, to the compari...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hsu CH,Taylor JM

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in conducting seamless phase 2/3 clinical trials for drug development in the pharmaceutical industry due to the visible advantages compared with traditional approaches for separate phase 2 and 3 development. Innovative study designs have been proposed for seamless ph...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Teng Z,Liang L,Liu G,Liu Y

更新日期：2018-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In observational studies with censored data, exposure-outcome associations are commonly measured with adjusted hazard ratios from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. The difference in restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) up to a pre-specified time point is an alternative measure that offers a clinically m...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Conner SC,Sullivan LM,Benjamin EJ,LaValley MP,Galea S,Trinquart L

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In a variety of biomedical applications, particularly those involving screening for infectious diseases, testing individuals (e.g. blood/urine samples, etc.) in pools has become a standard method of data collection. This experimental design, known as group testing (or pooled testing), can provide a large reduction in ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chen P,Tebbs JM,Bilder CR

更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A considerable number of the clinical reports which are presented to the Dutch Board for the Evaluation of Drugs, have deficiencies and/or shortcomings. A number of these, including loose description of the target population and sampling method, methodological flaws, incorrect treatment of withdrawals, confounding of ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： De Jonge H

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimation of genetic and environmental contributions to cancers falls in the framework of generalized linear mixed modelling with several random effect components. Computational challenges remain, however, in dealing with binary or survival phenotypes. In this paper, we consider the analysis of melanoma onset in a po...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lindström L,Pawitan Y,Reilly M,Hemminki K,Lichtenstein P,Czene K

更新日期：2006-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a goodness-of-fit test statistic for linear regression with heterogeneous variance, which is asymptotically chi-square if the given model is correct. The test statistic is computed as a quadratic form of observed minus predicted responses. We apply the method to a linear regression for an ordinal categorica...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lipsitz SR,Buoncristiani JF

更新日期：1994-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Logistic regression analysis may well be used to develop a prognostic model for a dichotomous outcome. Especially when limited data are available, it is difficult to determine an appropriate selection of covariables for inclusion in such models. Also, predictions may be improved by applying some sort of shrinkage in t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Steyerberg EW,Eijkemans MJ,Harrell FE Jr,Habbema JD

更新日期：2000-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Prognostic models are used in medicine for investigating patient outcome in relation to patient and disease characteristics. Such models do not always work well in practice, so it is widely recommended that they need to be validated. The idea of validating a prognostic model is generally taken to mean establishing tha...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Altman DG,Royston P

更新日期：2000-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Exploring the possible reasons for heterogeneity between studies is an important aspect of conducting a meta-analysis. This paper compares a number of methods which can be used to investigate whether a particular covariate, with a value defined for each study in the meta-analysis, explains any heterogeneity. The main ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Thompson SG,Sharp SJ

更新日期：1999-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We study the competing risks model and show that the cause j cumulative incidence function integrated from 0 to τ has a natural interpretation as the expected number of life years lost due to cause j before time τ. This is analogous to the τ-restricted mean lifetime, which is the survival function integrated from 0 to...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Andersen PK

更新日期：2013-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Maps of estimated disease rates over multiple time periods are useful tools for gaining etiologic insights regarding potential exposures associated with specific locations and times. In this paper, we describe an extension of the Gangnon-Clayton model for spatial clustering to spatio-temporal data. As in the purely sp...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Gangnon RE

更新日期：2010-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A new method is proposed for the surveillance of Down's syndrome among newborn. Despite the strong dependence of overall risk of Down's syndrome on maternal age, it has been suggested that an environmentally induced increase in risk may be additive over all maternal ages. The surveillance method introduced here is spe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lie RT,Heuch I,Irgens LM

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The risk that a drug newly introduced into medical use will occasionally cause adverse reactions is neither negligible nor totally avoidable. Only well organized systems of monitoring can bring early detection and appropriate action. These in turn require either detailed supervision or spontaneous reporting. The paper...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Finney DJ

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we proposed a mechanistic breast cancer survival model based on the axillary lymph node chain structure, considering lymph nodes as a potential dissemination arrangement. We assume a naive breast cancer treatment protocol consisting of exposing patients first to a chemotherapy treatment on r intervals a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cobre J,Castro Perdoná GS,Peria FM,Louzada F

更新日期：2013-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparative Poisson trials of prophylactic interventions, such as vaccines, can be lengthy and costly. We evaluate two easily implemented approaches to reduce numbers of disease cases and person years of follow up (N(u+t)) for comparative Poisson trials with fixed numbers of cases (T); (i) altering k the portion of N(...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hoover DR

更新日期：2004-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Selection of dose for cancer patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) must balance the increased efficacy with the increased toxicity associated with higher dose. Historically, a single dose has been selected for a population of patients (e.g., all stage III non-small cell lung cancer). However, the availability o...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Schipper MJ,Taylor JM,TenHaken R,Matuzak MM,Kong FM,Lawrence TS

更新日期：2014-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Korn and Whittemore have presented methods for analyzing longitudinal data where the number of observations per individual is large relative to the number of variables considered for each subject. However, this is often not the case in epidemiologic studies, since one usually collects data at relatively few time point...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Rosner B,Muñoz A,Tager I,Speizer F,Weiss S

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessing the calibration of methods for estimating the probability of the occurrence of a binary outcome is an important aspect of validating the performance of risk-prediction algorithms. Calibration commonly refers to the agreement between predicted and observed probabilities of the outcome. Graphical methods are a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Austin PC,Steyerberg EW

更新日期：2019-09-20 00:00:00