Abstract:
:This field study sought to measure the effects of dental delivery and school-based, dental health education on use of dental health care by children in grades K-6. We attempted to control for two potential confounding factors by an approximate randomization of children into treatment groups with stratification on grade and initial oral disease levels. A backward elimination log-linear model selection procedure for the 5-factor classification permitted tests for higher-order interaction, namely effect-modification, confounding and collapsibility. We found that the effect of dental health education on use of dental care depended on the mode of dental delivery.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Oler J,Bentley JMdoi
10.1002/sim.4780020107subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-01-01 00:00:00pages
59-69issue
1eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258journal_volume
2pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Systematic reviews often provide recommendations for further research. When meta-analyses are inconclusive, such recommendations typically argue for further studies to be conducted. However, the nature and amount of future research should depend on the nature and amount of the existing research. We propose a method ba...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5524
更新日期:2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative studies of the accuracy of diagnostic procedures often use a paired design to gain in efficiency. Standard methods for analysing data from paired designs require complete observations. In many studies, however, one of the test results may be missing for some patients. In this paper, we propose a simple cor...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960815)15:15<1687::AID-S
更新日期:1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the recent years, studies of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics have drawn great attention as they provide insight into the process of virus elimination/production and of infected cells decay during antiviral treatment. Estimates of viral dynamic parameters may be used to determine the lifetime ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3457
更新日期:2008-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::A calibration line is used to define the relationship between a new clinical technique and a standard in vitro laboratory methodology. Discrimination intervals quantify the reliability of inverse estimates obtained from the calibration line. Applied to transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring, a new in vivo measurement, discrim...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780050407
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we proposed a mechanistic breast cancer survival model based on the axillary lymph node chain structure, considering lymph nodes as a potential dissemination arrangement. We assume a naive breast cancer treatment protocol consisting of exposing patients first to a chemotherapy treatment on r intervals a...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5576
更新日期:2013-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Correlation is always a concern in the analysis of clustered data. One area of interest is to develop a general correlation modelling approach for high dimensional data with unbalanced hierarchical and heterogeneous data structures, e.g. multilevel data. Commonly used correlation structures might have limitation for s...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2368
更新日期:2006-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Missing data arise in crossover trials, as they do in any form of clinical trial. Several papers have addressed the problems that missing data create, although almost all of these assume that the probability that a planned observation is missing does not depend on the value that would have been observed; that is, the ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4497
更新日期:2012-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::We have used Monte Carlo methods to compare the type I error properties of the conditional and unconditional versions of the generalized t and the generalized rank-sum tests to those of the independent samples t and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results showed inflated type I errors for the conditional generalized tests bu...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780110410
更新日期:1992-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial scan statistics are widely used for count data to detect geographical disease clusters of high or low incidence, mortality or prevalence and to evaluate their statistical significance. Some data are ordinal or continuous in nature, however, so that it is necessary to dichotomize the data to use a traditional s...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2607
更新日期:2007-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Multilevel mixed effects survival models are used in the analysis of clustered survival data, such as repeated events, multicenter clinical trials, and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses, to investigate heterogeneity in baseline risk and covariate effects. In this paper, we extend parametric frailty model...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6191
更新日期:2014-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Although there are many models which are used to calculate the health benefits (and thus the cost-effectiveness) of vaccination programmes, they can be divided into two groups: those which assume a constant force of infection, that is a constant per-susceptible rate of infection; and those which assume that the force ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19991215)18:23<3263::aid-s
更新日期:1999-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper introduces a new spatial scan statistic designed to adjust cluster detection for longitudinal confounding factors indexed in space. The functional-model-adjusted statistic was developed using generalized functional linear models in which longitudinal confounding factors were considered to be functional cova...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8459
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Within the rich literature on generalized linear models, substantial efforts have been devoted to models for categorical responses that are either completely ordered or completely unordered. Few studies have focused on the analysis of partially ordered outcomes, which arise in practically every area of study, includin...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4318
更新日期:2012-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Multi-type recurrent event data arise when two or more different kinds of events may occur repeatedly over a period of observation. The scientific objectives in such settings are often to describe features of the marginal processes and to study the association between the different types of events. Interval-censored m...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1936
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of key factors associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and quantification of this risk using multivariable prediction algorithms are among the major advances made in preventive cardiology and cardiovascular epidemiology in the 20th century. The ongoing discovery of new risk markers...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2929
更新日期:2008-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::In psychiatry, clinicians use criteria sets from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to diagnose mental disorders. Most criteria sets have several symptom domains, and in order to be diagnosed, an individual must meet the minimum number of symptoms required by each domain. Some efforts are now fo...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8173
更新日期:2019-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Frequently, multiple doses of an active treatment and multiple endpoints are simultaneously considered in the designs of clinical trials. For these trials, traditional multiplicity adjustment procedures such as Bonferroni, Hochberg and Hommel procedures can be applied when treating the comparisons of different doses t...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2101
更新日期:2005-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::In population-based case-control studies, an attempt is made to identify all incident cases diagnosed in a specified population during a fixed time interval. Assuming that this goal is met allows one to obtain measures of risk other than relative risks. In this paper, we describe three approaches to estimate exposure-...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780130526
更新日期:1994-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Using both simulated and real datasets, we compared two approaches for estimating absolute risk from nested case-control (NCC) data and demonstrated the feasibility of using the NCC design for estimating absolute risk. In contrast to previously published results, we successfully demonstrated not only that data from a ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7143
更新日期:2017-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Suppression of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) is one of the goals of antiarrhythmic therapy. In a clinical trial, however, it may be difficult to distinguish antiarrhythmic drug effect from spontaneous variation in PVCs. We propose the application of linear regression to PVC histories to ascertain drug effe...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780020305
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of classification and regression tree (CART) methodology is explored for the diagnosis of patients complaining of anterior chest pain. The results are compared with those previously obtained using correspondence analysis and independent Bayes classification. The technique is shown to be of potential value for ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970415)16:7<717::aid-sim
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Patient non-compliance and drop-out can bias analyses of clinical trial data. I describe a parametric model for treatment cross-over and drop-out and demonstrate how the concept of ignorability, originally defined for incomplete-data problems, can elucidate sources of bias in clinical trials. I discuss some implicatio...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990915/30)18:17/18<2421:
更新日期:1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Service on the Data Monitoring Committee of the CPEP (Calcium for Pre-eclampsia Prevention) has led us to four conclusions about clinical trials which we should like to present to this gathering of biostatisticians for their reactions: (i) meta-analyses of the pertinent published trials of the same therapy should alwa...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960630)15:12<1263::AID-S
更新日期:1996-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::In observational studies with censored data, exposure-outcome associations are commonly measured with adjusted hazard ratios from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. The difference in restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) up to a pre-specified time point is an alternative measure that offers a clinically m...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8206
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::We develop a simulation-based procedure for determining the required sample size in binomial regression risk assessment studies when response data are subject to misclassification. A Bayesian average power criterion is used to determine a sample size that provides high probability, averaged over the distribution of po...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3505
更新日期:2009-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Sam Greenhouse joined the Census Bureau as a clerk at an interesting time period for the agency. The first use of sampling in the decennial census occurred in 1940. There was a major expansion of the amount of data collected. The organization of the Census Bureau underwent radical changes, including the growth of the ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1627
更新日期:2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Risk prediction models play an important role in prevention and treatment of several diseases. Models that are in clinical use are often refined and improved. In many instances, the most efficient way to improve a successful model is to identify subgroups for which there is a specific biological rationale for improvem...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6077
更新日期:2014-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::In the analysis of composite endpoints in a clinical trial, time to first event analysis techniques such as the logrank test and Cox proportional hazard test do not take into account the multiplicity, importance, and the severity of events in the composite endpoint. Several generalized pairwise comparison analysis met...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8388
更新日期:2019-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::In many epidemiological studies it is common to resort to regression models relating incidence of a disease and its risk factors. The main goal of this paper is to consider inference on such models with error-prone observations and variances of the measurement errors changing across observations. We suppose that the o...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3343
更新日期:2008-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Tree-based methods have become popular for analyzing complex data structures where the primary goal is risk stratification of patients. Ensemble techniques improve the accuracy in prediction and address the instability in a single tree by growing an ensemble of trees and aggregating. However, in the process, individua...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4492
更新日期:2012-07-10 00:00:00