Abstract：
:To examine sex-specific risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 seroconversion among intravenous drug users, the authors conducted a nested case-control study in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1988 to 1992 comparing 146 seroconverters and 539 HIV seronegative controls. Controls were matched on sex, race, date of study entry, and duration of follow-up. Risk factor data were obtained from interviews conducted at the first seroconversion visit for the case and the closest visit for the corresponding seronegative control. Since test results were not available until several weeks after interview, both interviewers and participants were unaware of seroconversion status at the time of interview. When data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression techniques, the variables which were significantly associated with seroconversion among male intravenous drug users included age less than 35 years, a sexually transmitted disease within the past 6 months, lifetime history of syphilis, and current intravenous drug use with an abscess at the injection site. Among women, only a history of three or more sex partners was positively associated with seroconversion and having a biological child under age 18 years was inversely associated with HIV seroconversion. Although the small sample size may have limited the ability to ascertain differences in risks of seroconversion among males and females, these data suggest that sexual transmission contributes to HIV infection among intravenous drug users, especially women.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Solomon L,Astemborski J,Warren D,Muñoz A,Cohn S,Vlahov D,Nelson KEdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116750subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-04-15 00:00:00pages
892-8issue
8eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
137pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Because of the high prevalence of prescription drug use and the incomplete understanding of drug effects at the time of licensing, ongoing epidemiologic monitoring is required to provide information for clinical and regulatory decisions. Data produced through the administration of Medicaid programs have been considere...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115198
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship of menopause to associated factors of atherosclerosis was investigated during October 1973 to December 1976. The subjects were 1674 premenopausal and 428 postmenopausal women aged 35 to 54, who were living in Toda city, an urban area of Japan. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in postmeno...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112699
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnostic and epidemiologic significance of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) detected by complement fixation was studied in a sample of 412 healthy persons, 0-70 years old of both sexes living in the Athens area. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections was found to be very high (26.5%)...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112498
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The methods used for selecting subjects yield three types of case-control studies: 1) incident cases are compared to non-cases chosen to be representative of the exposure distribution among the person-years which produced the cases. In this type of study the exposure-odds ratio equals the incidence density ratio; 2) i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112614
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112341
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence suggests a role for progesterone in ovarian cancer development. Progesterone exerts its effect on target cells by interacting with its receptor. Thus, genetic variations that may cause alterations in the biologic functions of the progesterone receptor can potentially contribute to individual susceptibility to...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008871
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identity of the etiologic agent that caused the 1981 epidemic of toxic oil syndrome in Spain has not been established, and toxicologic study of oil specimens from the outbreak has been hampered by uncertainty about which oils were actually capable of causing illness. To identify chemical characteristics associated...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114914
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the percentage of US drivers with valid driver's licenses varies from state to state, it has historically been high enough to constitute a useful sampling frame for many public health purposes. Over the past decade, states have had to restrict access to this information to comply with the Driver's Privacy Pro...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr018
更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the most striking epidemiologic characteristics of prostatic cancer in the United States is the sizeable excess in rates for the disease among blacks as compared with whites. This study attempted to determine whether the higher black rates might be explained by controlling for social class, using mortality data ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112546
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that smoking does not influence risk of cardiovascular diseases in populations with low serum cholesterol levels. To determine whether cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor among men with low levels of serum cholesterol, data on 25-year coronary, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.4.354
更新日期：2002-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Gallstones and cholecystectomy may be related to digestive system cancer through inflammation, altered bile flux, and changes in metabolic hormone levels. Although gallstones are recognized causes of gallbladder cancer, associations with other cancers of the digestive system are poorly established. We used the Surveil...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt322
更新日期：2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration, within its normal range, has recently been proposed as a reliable marker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a central pathogenic role in many metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases, incidences of which have recently increased in South Korea. Since serum G...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj006
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mean levels of total cholesterol by sex and age were compared between groups of whites in visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study and in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). NHANES II estimates were found to be higher than comparable visit 2 estimates by 3-14 ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115048
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the interrelationships of cigarette smoking, relative weight, and the occurrence of natural menopause, the authors prospectively evaluated the experience of 66,663 female US registered nurses who were premenopausal in 1976. Over a two-year period, 5004 women became post-menopausal. Current smokers were more...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113598
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multisymptom illness is more prevalent in 1991 Gulf War veterans than in military comparison groups; less is known about comorbidities. The authors compared physical, psychological, and functional comorbidities in Australian male Gulf War I veterans with those in actively (non-Gulf) deployed and nondeployed military p...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp238
更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiology has a rich tradition in western New York State, beginning with the classic study by Austin Flint of a waterborne typhoid fever outbreak in North Boston in 1843. Other important investigations included the study of the Buffalo poliomyelitis epidemic of 1912, by Wade Hampton Frost, which provided a comprehe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009215
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Time-series studies have linked daily variations in nonaccidental deaths with daily variations in ambient particulate matter air pollution, while controlling for qualitatively larger influences of weather and season. Although time-series analyses typically include nonlinear terms for weather and season, questions rema...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi157
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The personality domains of extraversion and neuroticism are regarded as being stable individual psychological characteristics, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with chronic disease over an extended period of time. In a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation nested within the original prospe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwv454
更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhinovirus infections in Seattle families with schoolchildren (1975-1979) and in selected outpatients were revealed by virus shedding or antibody rise. These observations extend those in the Seattle Virus Watch (1965-1969). Analysis of rhinovirus serotype prevalence again revealed certain "common" persisting serotypes...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114166
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, its subtypes, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) were evaluated in a prospective cohort study of 37,931 Iowa women who were aged 55-69 years at baseline in 1986. Through 1998, 261 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (137 di...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf082
更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 40,000 blood samples drawn in 1968-1972 by the Social Insurance Institution's mobile clinic in Finland have been stored. Linking cancer incidence data obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry with this material yielded 32 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed after drawing of the blood sample. These 32 ind...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116656
更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:More than half of the US population has received the smallpox vaccine, but it is unknown what fraction is still protected against infection and disease. Residual protection and age-dependent case-fatality ratios have therefore been widely neglected in the current bioterrorism debate. The author analyzed 1902-1903 data...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg225
更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction and latent periods are distinguishable concepts referring respectively to the period between causal action and disease initiation, and the period between disease initiation and detection. A disease cannot be characterized as having a long or short induction period, except in relation to a specific etiologic ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113189
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between anesthetic gas exposure and spontaneous abortion remains unresolved. We examined the effect of nitrous oxide on spontaneous abortion among female dental assistants. Questionnaires were sent to 7,000 dental assistants aged 18-39 years who were registered in California in 1987; 4,856 (69%) responded...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117468
更新日期：1995-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effect of preschool physical activity on the change in body fatness from preschool to first grade. The Framingham Children's Study, a longitudinal study of childhood cardiovascular risk behaviors, began in 1987 with the enrollment of 106 children aged 3-5 years and their parents. The present an...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117747
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ratio of cancer occurrence among smokers compared to nonsmokers has been generally reported to be greatest for carcinomas arising in the lung and larynx. This report presents the results of an investigation into mechanisms underlying the temporal trends in the incidence of these two forms of cancer in Scotland ove...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114585
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioma risk has consistently been inversely associated with allergy history but not with smoking history despite putative biologic plausibility. Data from 855 high-grade glioma cases and 1,160 controls from 4 geographic regions of the United States during 1997-2008 were analyzed for interactions between allergy and sm...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr124
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emergency medical services with advanced life support systems were implemented in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, area in the mid-1970s. To assess the impact of emergency medical services on coronary heart disease mortality, the authors reviewed ambulance records and hospital emergency room logs for possible out-...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116160
更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00
