Abstract:
:The purported health benefits of low-carbohydrate diets have been advocated intermittently over the last century and have enjoyed increasing popularity over the last decade. Although most revolve around the emphatic theme that carbohydrates are to blame for many chronic diseases, their specific ideologies are more variable and in some cases quite sophisticated. The Zone Diet phenomenon represents a new generation of modern low carbohydrate food fad with sales placing it among the most popular diet books in recent history. The Zone is a 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% fat eating plan that advocates only sparing use of grains and starches. The precise 0.75 protein to carbohydrate ratio required with each meal is promoted to reduce the insulin to glucagon ratio, which purportedly affects eicosanoid metabolism and ultimately produces a cascade of biological events leading to a reduction in chronic disease risk, enhanced immunity, maximal physical and mental performance, increased longevity and permanent weight loss. There is presently little scientific support for the connections made between diet, endocrinology and eicosanoid metabolism. In fact, a review of the literature suggests that there are scientific contradictions in the Zone Diet hypothesis that cast unquestionable doubt on its potential efficacy. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the scientific merit of the Zone Diet and its health claims in an effort to help delineate what is and what is not sound nutrition science.
journal_name
J Am Coll Nutrjournal_title
Journal of the American College of Nutritionauthors
Cheuvront SNdoi
10.1080/07315724.2003.10719271subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
9-17issue
1eissn
0731-5724issn
1541-1087journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Abnormalities of the vascular endothelium contribute to all stages of atherosclerosis from lesion development to clinical cardiovascular disease events. Recognized risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, and sedentary lifestyle are associated with endothelial dysfuncti...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719625
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Fatty acid profiles and desaturase (SCD-16, SCD018, D5D, D6D) and elongase (ELOVL6) enzyme activity have been associated with adiposity and metabolic disease. While this has been studied in adults, few studies have included children. The objective of this study was to evaluate these markers in children and i...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2017.1347908
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diets containing beans have been associated with a lower risk of obesity and overweight in several dietary surveys. These results suggest a benefit might be derived from beans and other pulses, possibly due to improved satiety or satiation and therefore lowering energy intake. Such a hypothesis has not been ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719786
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with general and central adiposity in older adults in Palmas (TO).Methods: Cross-sectional study with older adults (≥60 years) of both sexes enrolled in the Family Health Strategy program in Palmas (TO). Sociodemographic aspects, health conditions, and func...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1734989
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Carotenoids are mainly carried by lipoproteins in blood, however little is known about the influence of polymorphisms of apolipoproteins (apo), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) involved in serum lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to analyze whether serum concentration...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719644
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between calcium intake and dairy product consumption with overweight and obesity in young adults. METHODS:The sample used in this study consisted of 1306 young adults, ages 19-38 years, who participated in the 1995-1996 young adult survey. Analysis was performed with analysis of co...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719568
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Overfeeding with a high-fat and/or high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet is known to increase plasma concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) that may lead to metabolic disturbances like insulin resistance. The impact of CHO quality (i.e., the glycemic index [GI]) independent of fat intake on metabolic e...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2016.1156036
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the capability of DietMatePro, a PDA-based dietary assessment program, to monitor dietary intake and to improve adherence to a dietary regimen. DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS:Overweight and obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) 25-40) participants without dietary restrictions. INTERVENTION...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719701
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The effects of a new resistant dextrin ingested at breakfast on day-long metabolic parameters and ghrelin profile at subsequent lunch were investigated. METHODS:In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover study, 12 healthy men ingested a standardized breakfast with 50 g of NUTRIOSE 10, a resistant dextrin...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719945
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:While most studies have shown an inverse relation between tea consumption and cardiovascular risk, other studies have shown opposite results. Aortic stiffness and wave reflections are markers of cardiovascular disease and prognosticators of cardiovascular risk. METHODS:The acute effect of black and green tea...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719535
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbohydrate intolerance is positively correlated with saturated fat consumption. In contrast, individuals consuming diets comprised of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a lower incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM). To test the hypothesis that dietary fats may influence insulin sensitivity, insulin-stimulated glu...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1991.10718161
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The kinetics of magnesium (Mg) absorption, after drinking Magnesia mineral water (204 mg Mg/L), was investigated in healthy humans aged (23-60 yrs). METHODS:Serum Mg, calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) content, blood hemoglobin, erythrocyte and white blood cell counts as well as urinary volume and u...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719424
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of present study was to assess the relationship between the dietary intake and blood status of riboflavin and the prevalence of systemic inflammation among both depressed and nondepressed nurses. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study on 98 female clinical nurses (45 depressed and 53 nondepre...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719977
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are proved to be effective in obesity reduction. Microalgal oil (MO) is an important alternative source of n-3 PUFAs that effectively alleviates obesity. The aim of the present study was to...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2017.1302366
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strength changes, induced by very low-calorie diet (VLCD, 520 kcal/day) alone and in combination with exercise, were determined in 109 severely obese females (46.8 +/- 4.69% fat). Experimental treatments included VLCD alone (LC, n = 40), VLCD with endurance exercise (EE, n = 23), VLCD with endurance exercise and resis...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: We assessed the acute effect of beetroot extract intake on cardiovascular and autonomic recovery subsequent to strength exercise.Methods: This is a crossover, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. We assessed 16 subjects but only 12 healthy male adults completed the two protocols in two ran...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1774441
更新日期:2020-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Many publications indicate the beneficial effect of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) in the control of coronary heart disease and diabetes, although the mechanism is not clear. Some of our previous results suggest that, in contrast to other lipids, n-6 PUFAs could have a permissive effect on carbo...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720202
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic variation can influence the effects of hypocholesterolemic dietary interventions on lipoproteins involved in coronary artery disease (CAD). Individuals with the E4 allelic variant of the apo E gene exhibit greater low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reductions on low-fat, low-cholesterol diets than subje...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.1997.10718692
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a low carotenoid diet (83 micrograms Beta-carotene) on malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid (MDA-TBA) concentrations of nine pre-menopausal women. METHODS:Subjects lived on the metabolic research unit of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC)...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.1998.10720455
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The weight loss of 16 obese patients (greater than 130% ideal body weight) who participated for three months in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary weight reduction program was studied. Patients were divided into two groups based on the reported time of onset of their obesity. Childhood-onset obesity was defined in thi...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718986
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper traces the development of knowledge concerning early lesions of atherosclerosis and the relationship to risk factors in children, youth, and young adults. Autopsy studies have shown that atherosclerosis begins in childhood with the appearance of aortic fatty streaks. Aortic fatty streaks of some degree are ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.1992.10737984
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The misperception that dietary cholesterol determines blood cholesterol is held by many consumers in spite of evidence to the contrary. Many studies reported over the past 2 years have shown that dietary cholesterol is not a significant factor in an individual's plasma cholesterol level or cardiovascular disease (CVD)...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnesium balance, and plasma and urinary levels, were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and in Wistar (WI) rats. We found few differences in the measured parameters between WKY and WI rats, but the SHR rat which similarly maintained Mg balance has lower plasma Mg levels and less urinary ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720195
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ingestion of fruit juices in which there is an imbalance between glucose and fructose (apple, pear nectar) and the presence of sorbitol is one of the major causes of the syndrome of chronic, nonspecific diarrhea of infancy and childhood. Stools in the condition at time of symptoms are acidic with a pH < 5.5, Clinitest...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1996.10720472
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to determine the composition of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) after the intake of pomace olive oil (POO), which is a subproduct of the extraction of virgin olive oil (VOO) and presents a high concentration of minor components with biological activity. METHODS:Meals...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719582
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Health Focus National Study of Public Attitudes and Actions Toward Healthy Foods is conducted every two years to identify current issues in consumer health and nutrition behavior and attitudes, to assess the trends in consumer priorities and to develop an understanding of where consumers are headed in the...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2000.10718973
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are able to adhere to human intestinal tissue inducing a typical lesion causing dissolution of the brush border membrane and loss of microvillus structure at sites of bacterial attachment. The presence of these lesions can provoke perpetuation of diarrhea assoc...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1996.10718586
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of varying the amount of dietary magnesium on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats was investigated with three diets containing 1.05% (H1Mg diet), 0.52% (H2Mg diet), and 0.008% (LMg diet). The control group was given a diet containing a normal amount of magnesium (0.2%). W...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719931
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This 2-year follow-up study was conducted to enhance our understanding of changes and rates of disturbed eating attitudes/behaviors, weight satisfaction, and prevalence of obesity in elementary school students between the ages of 10 and 12 years. METHODS:Questionnaires consisted of the following sections: (A...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719951
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine whether free-living individuals diagnosed with diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease or hypertension follow standard dietary recommendations for treatment of these diet-modifiable disorders. METHODS:Data are from 1,782 adult men and women who completed an...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2002.10719241
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00