Abstract：
:Posttranslational processing of peptide-precursors is nowadays believed to play an important role in the functioning of neurons and endocrine cells. Both proenkephalins and chromogranins/secretogranins are considered as precursor molecules in these tissues, resulting in posttranslationally formed degradation products with potential biological activities. Among the proteins and peptides of neuronal and endocrine secretory granules, the enkephalins and enkephalin-containing peptides have been most extensively studied. The characterization of the post-translationally formed degradation products of the proenkephalins have enabled the understanding of their processing pathway. Chromogranins/secretogranins represent a group of acidic glycoproteins, contained within hormone storage granules. The biochemistry, biogenesis and molecular properties of these proteins have already been studied for 25 years. The chromogranins/secretogranins have a widespread distribution throughout the neuroendocrine system, the adrenal medullary chromaffin granules being the major source of these storage components. Recent data provide evidence for a precursor role for all members of the chromogranins/secretogranins family although also several other functions have been proposed. In this review, some of the methods applied to study proteolytic processing are described. In addition, the posttranslational processing of chromogranins/secretogranins and proenkephalins, especially the biochemical aspects, will be discussed and compared. Recent exciting developments on the generation and identification of potential physiologically active fragments will be covered.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Dillen L,Miserez B,Claeys M,Aunis D,De Potter Wdoi
10.1016/0197-0186(93)90016-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-04-01 00:00:00pages
315-52issue
4eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Air pollution is an important contributor to the global burden of disease, particularly to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, evidence is accumulating that air pollution may adversely affect the nervous system as shown by human epidemiological studies and by animal models. Age appears to play a ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104580
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular mechanism responsible for hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in dendrites of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons has not been fully clarified. Recently, we reported that tau mRNA is distributed into dendrites, and that translation and phosphorylation of tau protein are immediately enhanced in response to ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104808
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphodiesterase 7B (PDE7B) inhibition has been considered as a therapeutic target for the treatment of several neurological disorders. Currently, there are no radio-labeled tracers available to determine receptor occupancy (RO) of this target. Developing such a tracer could greatly facilitate the identification of v...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104735
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyskinesia is frequently seen in neurological disorders affecting the basal ganglia. Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) produces a somewhat similar motor syndrome in rodents, one that is a possible model for dyskinesia. Because in previous studies the compound (N-[2-hydroxy-3-(1-piperidinyl) propoxy]-3 pyridine-carboximidoyl...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(98)00058-8
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The short-term influences of stress on the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase in vivo and in vitro were examined in mice. The in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase activity was estimated by the rate of dopa accumulation which was measured at 30 min after the injection of NSD-1015 (100 mg kg), an aromatic l-amino acid decarboxy...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(82)90079-1
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vinpocetine (ethyl apovincaminate), a synthetic derivative of the Vinca minor alkaloid vincamine, is widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular-related diseases. One of the proposed mechanisms underlying its action is to protect against the cytotoxic effects of glutamate overexposure. Glutamate excitotoxicity le...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2008.08.003
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, a new experimental model of epilepsy was introduced by the authors [Neurochem. Int. 40 (2002) 413]. This model combines pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindling in senescence-accelerated mice P8 (SAMP8), a genetic model of aging. Since imbalance of glutamate and GABA is a major cause of seizures, the study of glial...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00093-7
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the properties of ischemic condition-induced and veratridine-evoked [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) release from rat spinal cord slices were compared. It was expected that ischemia mimicked by oxygen and glucose deprivation results in the impairment of Na+/K+ -ATPase with a consequent elevation of the intrac...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00124-8
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:JM-20 (3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-4,11-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine) is a novel benzodiazepine dihydropyridine hybrid molecule, which has been shown to be a neuroprotective agent in brain disorders involving glutamate receptors. However, the effect of JM-20 on the functionality of the g...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2015.01.006
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two signaling pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3k)/Akt and Ras/MAPK, are major effectors triggered by nerve growth factor (NGF). Rac1, Cdc42 and GSK-3beta are reported to be targets of PI-3k in the signal transduction for neurite outgrowth. Immediately after NGF was added, broad ruffles were observed temporaril...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.04.032
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxic beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide fragment Abeta(25-35) has been suggested to exert its deleterious effects on cells via production of hydrogen peroxide. In human platelets and in the presence of DMSO to prevent production of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide, both Abeta(25-35) and hydrogen peroxide w...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(98)00013-8
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrauterine growth retardation induced by ligation of the uterine vessels in pregnant rats on the 5th day before delivery was associated with brain and body weights of hypotrophic offspring significantly lower than those of pair-aged control rats, even after 6 weeks of postnatal rearing under normal conditions. In vi...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(85)90121-4
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic variate stress was seen to decrease the ingestion of sweet food when compared to control rats. Brain monoamines are known to be involved in the control of food intake, serotonin appears to be involved in the mechanisms of satiety, and dopamine in mediating appetite or approach behaviors triggered by incentive ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00080-3
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used an in vitro system to monitor the effects of high levels of ammonia and ethanol on glial cells. Nuclei were isolated and the protein profiles examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Acute exposure of rat astrocyte cell cultures to ammonia or ethanol resulted in changes in cellular morphology and ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(88)90037-x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a devastating neurological disease that is inevitably fatal after 3-5years duration. Treatment options are minimal and as such new therapeutic modalities are required. In this review, we discuss the role of the myostatin pathway as a modulator of skeletal muscle mass and therapeutic ap...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.016
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Control of serotonin release and synthesis by amino acid neurotransmitters was investigated in rat rostral and caudal rhombencephalic raphe cells in primary cultures respectively. Endogenous amounts of taurine, glycine, GABA and glutamate were measured in both types of cultures. These amino acids were spontaneously re...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(93)90118-o
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenylalanine and its phenyl metabolites produced a clear inhibition of chick brain mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase, while mevalonate kinase and mevalonate 5-phosphate kinase were not significantly affected. Phenolic derivatives produced a similar or higher inhibition than that found in the presence of phenyl...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(91)90182-d
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABA is catabolized in the mitochondrial matrix through the GABA shunt, encompassing transamination to succinic semialdehyde followed by oxidation to succinate by the concerted actions of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), respectively. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a neurotra...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.008
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroinflammation is believed to play an important role in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing evidence suggests that n-3 PUFA have protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory processes including synthesis of eicosanoids from arachidonic acid. There is also some evidence suggesting that i...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2009.12.022
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The less active form of human tyrosine hydroxylase has been previously reported but its physiological role is unknown. We partially purified the less active form of tyrosine hydroxylase from human adrenals, and examined differences in the properties of the active and less active forms. We succeeded in activation of th...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(90)90123-b
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are found in the caudate-putamen (CPu), globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata; these structures were connected by a continuous band of ACE. In order to investigate whether ACE was associated with dopaminergic projections from the...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(87)90180-x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A noticeable loss of cardiolipin, a significant accumulation of fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation and an increased ability to produce reactive oxygen species in vitro are characteristics of aged rat brain mitochondria, as has been demonstrated in this study. In contrast mitochondrial electron transport chain ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.01.007
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABAA receptors mediate most of the fast inhibitory transmissions in the central nervous system. These receptors are pentameric complexes that exhibit high structural and pharmacological heterogeneity, as they can be constructed from 19 distinct subunits. GABAA receptors are the targets of numerous clinically relevant...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.015
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the N-methylisoquinolinium ion (NMIQ(+)) on the activity of enzymes related to metabolism of dopamine was studied using a rat clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cell line. The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were inhibited by NMIQ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(89)90138-1
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transglutaminase (TGase) activity is increased in affected regions of brains from patients with Huntington's disease (HD). TGase activity is particularly elevated in the nucleus compared with the cytoplasm from these brains. Gamma-glutaminyl-lysyl cross-links have been detected in nuclear inclusions in HD brain, indic...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00060-2
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While studies with [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]d-Asp) illustrate specific interactions with excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), new insights into the pharmacological characteristics and localization of specific EAAT subtypes depend upon the availability of novel ligands. One such ligand is [(3)H]-(2S,4R)-4-methyl...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.05.011
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common form of peripheral neuropathy, yet the mechanisms responsible for chronic pain in this disease are poorly understood. The up-regulation of the expression and function of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 has been implicated in DN, however, the exact mechanism is unclear. In the p...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2014.05.012
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelet activating factor (PAF) has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. We assessed the effect of PAF against the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), a parkinsonian toxin, in relation to apoptotic process. PAF exhibited differential effect against the MP...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.03.006
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of hypoxia on the metabolism of the central nervous system were investigated in rats submitted to a low oxygen atmosphere (8% O(2); 92% N(2)). [1-(13)C]glucose and [2-(13)C]acetate were used as substrates, this latter being preferentially metabolized by glial cells. After 1-h substrate infusion, the incorp...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00106-6
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some biochemical and histological studies of Parkinson's disease patients' brains and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats suggest that dopaminergic dennervation of the striatum leads to the nitrergic system hypofunction in this structure. Hence, recently the modulation of nitric oxide (NO)- soluble guanylyl cyclase-cyclic GMP signal...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.021
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
