Abstract:
:New reproductive genetics means recently developed techniques to prevent the birth of children with specific defects or genetic diseases by testing individuals for sickle cell anemia, the thalassemias, Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, or Down syndrome. Third World health services have many deficiencies with high maternal mortality rates (30-40 fold higher than in developed countries), the low percentage of births delivered by health personnel, the high rates of low birth weight babies, and high child malnutrition and infant mortality rates. The main issues in women's reproductive health are fertility regulation, abortion, maternal mortality, sexually transmitted diseases, and infertility. As a result of expansion in contraceptive use worldwide, the total fertility rate in developing countries has declined from 6.1 in 1965 to 3.9 in 1990. It is estimated that, worldwide, 36-53 million induced abortions are performed each year, most of them in developing nations. WHO estimates that more than 500,000 women die each year because of complications of pregnancy, most in developing countries. More than 95% of the 13 million estimated deaths of children under 5 years of age have occurred in these countries. Approximately 200 million people carry a potentially pathologic hemoglobinopathy gene, and about 250,000 children are born every year with hemoglobinopathy, most of them in the developing world. Reproductive genetic testing in big cities and in private for-profit ventures cater to the socioeconomic elite. Amniocentesis is often misused for fetal sex determination to abort female fetuses in India. Currently, in Cuba virtually every pregnant woman is tested for sickle cell trait and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation. It is predicted that the judicious use of reproductive genetic testing will be possible when health and quality of life issues are addressed properly.
journal_name
Clin Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
Clinical obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Penchaszadeh VBdoi
10.1097/00003081-199309000-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-09-01 00:00:00pages
485-95issue
3eissn
0009-9201issn
1532-5520journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure is a key potential mechanism underlying the link between low birthweight and later life diseases. The fetus is protected from high maternal glucocorticoid levels by the placental enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Antenatal glucocorticoid administration to women at threat...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31829939f7
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors in preterm labor is perhaps more prominent than once thought. The blockade of oxytocin and/or oxytocin receptors has both a theoretical and clinical aspect. Initial trials with the oxytocin antagonist atosiban have been encouraging with respect to efficacy and side effect pr...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-199538040-00007
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comprehensive knowledge of the boundaries, contents, and interactions between surgical spaces is essential to safely and effectively perform mesh-augmented prolapse repairs and anti-incontinence procedures. This knowledge is also critical when managing intraoperative and postoperative complications such as bleeding,...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31828e629c
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is an important problem, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Attempts to reduce this complication require an understanding of its pathogenesis. In this chapter a model was proposed, consisting of a series of events resulting in rapid changes of cerebral blood f...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-199106000-00014
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of changes in the eye can occur during pregnancy. These can be physiological, pathologic related to the pregnancy, or pathologic unrelated to the pregnancy. Pregnancy also can affect preexisting conditions. Pregnant women often discuss changes in their health first with their obstetrician; therefore, knowled...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31828f273c
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of standard estrogen-progestin contraception remains problematic in several subgroups of patients (e.g., those in whom exogenous estrogens are contraindicated, such as survivors of hormone-dependent cancer, or patients with endometriosis or uterine fibroids). In addition, the postcoital contraception, even if alre...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-199606000-00019
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laproscopic sterilization techniques and the diagnostic use of laparoscopy are discussed. In a series of 1000 laparoscopic sterilizations by the 2-incision technique, there was a total failure rate, surgical and operative, of .4%. In a similar series with the 1-incision technique and electrocagulation only, the total...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-197606000-00004
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy is an opportune time to identify opioid dependence, facilitate conversion to opioid maintenance treatment, and coordinate care with specialists in addiction medicine, behavioral health, and social services. Comprehensive prenatal care for opioid-dependent women involves the evaluation and the management of c...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000098
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to assist the clinician in recognizing pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in women with vulvar symptoms, to provide general treatment algorithms, and to facilitate understanding of the scientific rationale behind appropriate treatment. In short, this paper is meant to provide a "how-to" guide...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000135
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years it has been recognized that in all phases of life, including pregnancy, physical activity promotes health benefits and precludes comorbidities, the scientific evidence is indisputable. Several organizations around the world have updated in recent years the guidelines and recommendations for exercise in...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000223
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant health care workers (HCW) may be exposed to pathogens during routine patient care duties. Although they do not seem to be at higher risk for infection compared with nonpregnant HCW, certain infections can be associated with increased maternal morbidity, mortality, and adverse perinatal outcomes. Primary preve...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824f3a07
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current findings continue to support the concept of a biologically defective decidua rather than a primarily abnormally invasive trophoblast. Prior cesarean sections increase the risk of placenta previa and both adherent and invasive placenta accreta, suggesting that the endometrial/decidual defect following the iatro...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000392
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant advances have been made in the last 20 years in our knowledge about the subcellular events occurring during myometrial contractions and cervical ripening and in the mechanism of action of oxytocin and prostaglandins. These advances have been instrumental in furthering our understanding of the mechanism of ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-200009000-00006
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza infection during pregnancy imparts disproportionate morbidity and mortality. This has been primarily noted during occasional influenza pandemics but also during seasonal epidemics. The majority of pregnant women who contract influenza appear to have a mild, self-limited course. However, influenza produces a ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31827146bd
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a steady decline in breast cancer mortality that has led to a significant increase in the number of patients surviving breast cancer. We will review in this manuscript the evidence and guidelines for posttreatment surveillance of patients with breast cancer as well as the management options for patients...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000243
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent review of the literature on thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) reveals contradictory findings. We have limited our review of literature mostly to the most recent decade. On the basis of our review, screening for thrombophilias with a history of APO (preeclampsia, abruptio placenta, intrauterine...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.grf.0000211954.66959.e1
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embolic phenomena in pregnancy demand rapid investigation and treatment. Regardless, some patients will not survive due to the enormity of the insult. Optimally, such patients should be treated in tertiary care centers, but this is not always possible. ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-199009000-00013
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) describes a collection of exam findings and bothersome symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency involving changes to the labia, introitus, clitoris, vagina, urethra, and bladder. Vulvovaginal atrophy is a component of GSM. GSM is a highly prevalent medical condition with a...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000380
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most devastating consequences of cancer treatment in the young female population is ovarian damage, resulting in diminished fertility potential. The extent of damage is related to age, chemotherapeutic regimen, and dose of pelvic radiation received. It is crucial that physicians know the impact each of thes...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181f96b54
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several advantages are apparent in the use of self-monitored or automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by pregnant patients who appear to have borderline or mild hypertension. Home recordings, combined with conventional office measurements, can give a more accurate picture of the patient's dynamic blood pressu...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in the intraepithelial cervical changes that cause most abnormal Papanicolaou smears. To date, 14 types of HPVs have been identified. All are small, nondeveloped, icosahedral DNA viruses that share a common internal antigen. In cases of cervical HPV infection...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-198312000-00019
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent clinical trials indicate that EA is feasible. The use of ancillary tools, such as ultrasound, requires only a slight modification of the previously established techniques for MA. The amniotic fluid can be obtained and cultured. Combining the reported populations sampled, the procedural and cytogenetic failu...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-198806000-00011
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between the clinical state of the cervix and spontaneous onset of labor has long been known. The cervix can be characterized by evaluating five parameters: effacement, dilatation, firmness, position, and level of the presenting part. The relative associations between successful labor induction and the...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-199506000-00005
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::OC (oral contraception) can cause hypertension in a small minority, about 5%, of users. There does not seem to be a relationship between estrogen dosage and hypertension, while a relationship between progesterone and hypertension seems more possible. Hypertensive reaction to OC has been primarily seen in patients ov...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-198109000-00016
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The addition of the human papillomavirus vaccination and the 2006 national guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cytology have led to significant changes in the management of cervical disease among adolescents. This article reviews recommendations for prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management of ce...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e318172d0dc
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our proof-of-concept study of 1 patient with stage IIIC carcinosarcoma of the ovary, we discovered a rare mutation in the tumor suppressor, TP53, that results in the deletion of N131. Immunofluorescence imaging of the organoid culture revealed hyperstaining of p53 protein. Computational modeling suggests this resid...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000516
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::About 85% of all births in the US occur to women under 35 years of age. According to the US National Survey of Family Growth, women aged 35-39 years expect to have an additional 0.3 births while those 40-44 years anticipate only 0.1 additional births. Thus, there is a need to protect women age 35 years and over from...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-199812000-00021
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operative vaginal delivery has been maligned since the days of W.J. Little with the word "forceps" becoming nearly synonymous with "Birth Injury" and "Cerebral Palsy." However in his presentation to the Obstetrical Society of London in 1861, Little's emphasis was on difficult labors being the culprit in subsequent dis...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31811eaa39
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoporosis is frequently called the silent disease because it lacks symptoms or signs until a fracture has occurred. Osteoporosis is common in aging women because of progressive postmenopausal bone loss. Fractures related to bone loss can result in reduced quality of life, lengthy hospital stays, long-term instituti...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31825caa50
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The avoidance of neonatal medical and neurologic sequelae resulting from a compromised pregnancy, labor, or delivery is the goal of all members of the health care team. Correct identification of those patients at risk for fetal distress prior to as well as during labor is most important as a major step in achieving th...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-198528040-00010
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00