Abstract:
:Urban form, the law, and health are undoubtedly linked. However, nonlegal factors such as 20th-century reliance on the automobile as well as associated governmental actions and private investment choices have greatly influenced urban form, especially urban sprawl. The American system of federalism, with its traditional allocation of land-use legal authority to local governments, and resulting fragmented legal authority over causes and effects of urban sprawl, renders difficult legal efforts to reshape urban form. Legal frameworks and the dynamics and effects of urban sprawl are largely mismatched. Still, existing legal frameworks and modest legal reforms provide means to encourage or at least allow urban forms that are more conducive to health. However, the law will not easily transform urban form and deter urban sprawl.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Buzbee WWdoi
10.2105/ajph.93.9.1395subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
1395-9issue
9eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:The child labor laws are intended to protect young workers from the most dangerous jobs. However, children who work on their parents' farms are exempt from these laws. We evaluated the potential for preventing the occurrence of farm injuries among children by changing the US Federal Child Labor Laws, Hazardou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.078923
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined medically treated injuries among US workers with disability. METHODS:Using 2006-2010 National Health Interview Survey data, we compared 3-month rates of nonoccupational and occupational injuries to workers with disability (n = 7729) and without disability (n = 175 947). We fitted multivariable l...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300888
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The AIDS Interfaith Council of Houston, sponsored by the Foundation for Interfaith Research and Ministry, recruits, trains, and coordinates volunteers for home-based care for adults and children with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The program provides compassionate, non-judgmental care for the sick and res...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.8.970
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined the prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youths. METHODS:A nationally representative sample of shelter youths and a multicity sample of street youths were interviewed. RESULTS:Approximately 28% of street youths and 10% of shelter youths reported having par...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.9.1406
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the potential for public health strategies to decrease the substantial burden of injuries, injury prevention infrastructure in state health departments is underdeveloped. We sought to describe the legal support for injury prevention activities at state health departments. We searched the Lexis database for st...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300454
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven cases of subacute central and peripheral neurologic dysfunction developed in 18 workers employed in the manufacture of reinforced plastic bathtubs. Cases were characterized by weight loss, dizziness, paresthesias, muscle weakness, incontinence, memory loss, and loss of peripheral, color, and night vision. Neurop...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.5.513
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The role of competing priorities as a barrier to the utilization of physical health services was assessed in a subset (n = 363) of a probability sample of homeless adults in Los Angeles. METHODS:Unadjusted odds of four measures of health services utilization were calculated for those with frequent difficult...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.2.217
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined the number of state Medicaid programs adopting initiatives to support preventive dental services provision by nondental health care professionals, their perceived attributes, and implementation barriers. METHODS:We used Qualtrics to conduct a cross-sectional survey in 2008 of Medicaid dental p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301138
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Follow-up of California blood lead registry reports, 95% of which are of occupationally exposed adults, can guide interventions at specific high-risk work sites and measure the impact of targeted, industry-specific interventions. METHODS:A protocol was implemented to follow up the most severe case reports (...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.3.402
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This prospective study was done in a health maintenance organization colorectal cancer screening program to determine whether 166 persons found to have abnormal fecal occult blood test results typically underwent complete diagnostic evaluation (i.e., either colonoscopy or barium enema x-ray plus flexible sigmoidoscopy...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.11.1620
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the feasibility of using high-value coupons to induce condom purchase and evaluated execution factors that can influence the effectiveness of this form of promotion. METHODS:Two levels of coupon discount value (10% off and 75% off) were used to promote condom purchase among young adults....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.12.1866
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Whether or not spermicides can reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains an important question for the control of heterosexual HIV transmission. The authors provide estimates from a reanalysis of one of the few observational studies on the efficacy of condoms and spermicides,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.4.590
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe has undertaken a large study to evaluate housing and health in 7 European cities. METHODS:Survey tools were used to obtain information about housing and living conditions, health perception, and health status from a representative sample of the popu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1559
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We quantified the relationship between gonorrheal infection rates in California and a measure of poverty status and investigated how this relationship and the spatial dispersion of cases varied among the 4 dominant racial/ethnic groups in the state. METHODS:We geocoded gonorrhea cases reported in California...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.172965
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeless children in New York City had an extremely high asthma prevalence-40%-in a cross-sectional study at 3 shelters (n=740) during 1998 to 1999. We used the same protocol to summarize subsequent data through December 2002. Asthma prevalence was 33% (n=1636); only 15% of the children previously diagnosed were takin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070482
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the impact of the partial repeal of Michigan's universal motorcycle helmet law on helmet use, fatalities, and head injuries. METHODS:We compared helmet use rates and motorcycle crash fatality risk for the 12 months before and after the April 13, 2012, repeal with a statewide police-reported cras...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303525
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-year study of the microbiological quality of drinking water in 27 randomly selected North Carolina migrant labor camps yielded total and fecal coliform prevalences of 44 percent and 26 percent, respectively in 1988 and similar but higher prevalences in 1989. Preoccupancy testing by county sanitarians had found v...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.6.762
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Men entering gay bars in three small southern cities were administered questionnaires to assess AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) risk knowledge, perceived norms concerning the social acceptability of AIDS risk precautions, and personal sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent (N = 355) of male patrons completed...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.4.416
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Team conducted a systematic review of US-based HIV behavioral intervention research literature from 2000 through 2004 to identify interventions demonstrating best evidence of efficacy for reducing HIV risk. METHODS:Stand...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.076182
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three hundred ninety-eight patients treated in the emergency room for non-urgent complaints who stated that they had no regular source of primary medical care were referred to one of several medical care centers in the area. Overall, 34 per cent of such patients complied with the referral. Correlates of compliance wer...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.1.57
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Message tailoring, based on individual needs and circumstances, is commonly used to enhance face-to-face patient counseling. Only recently has individual tailoring become feasible for printed messages. This study sought to determine whether printed tailored recommendations addressing women's specific screeni...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.1.43
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unusual resistance of the "unconventional viruses" to inactivation by the commonly used disinfectants has led to a high degree of apprehension regarding patients with any form of dementia. The rapid adaptation of a newly acquired isolate of the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) to mice made possible this la...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.6.661
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to evaluate outcomes of the Veterans Administration (VA) Afghan and Iraq Post-Deployment Screen for mental health symptoms. METHODS:Veterans Administration clinicians were encouraged to refer Iraq or Afghanistan veterans who screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or high-...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.115519
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistance among children with tuberculosis (TB) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. METHODS:Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and rifampin was prospectively done on all children with culture-confirmed TB at Tygerberg Children's Hospital,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143271
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and effect of domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in women with HIV or at risk for HIV infection. METHODS:Participants with HIV or at risk for HIV infection enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Childhood sexual abuse; all physical,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.4.560
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:I examined how sexual minority status, as indicated by sex of sexual partners, is associated with self-rated health and how socioeconomic status suppresses and age and sex moderate this association. METHODS:I used multinomial logistic regression to analyze aggregated data from the 1991 to 2010 General Socia...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301040
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking histories, reported depth of inhalation, number of pipe and cigars (PC) smoked, serum thiocyanate (SCN) and expired air carbon monoxide (CO) levels were examined in PC male smokers enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Serum SCN levels for all PC smokers were higher than fo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.11.1412
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined trends and differentials in US childhood mortality from 1950 through 1993 according to sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. METHODS:Log-linear, multiple regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to the data from the National Vit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.4.505
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The humanitarian crisis revealed as a result of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico demonstrates a long history of US colonial neglect and human rights violations. This reality has made it especially difficult for the people of Puerto Rico to achieve their right to the highest attainable standard of health.The impacts are ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305814
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated how persons from key populations at higher risk of HIV exposure interpreted the process and outcomes of the Step Study HIV-1 vaccine trial, which was terminated early, and implications for willingness to participate in and community support for HIV vaccine research. METHODS:We used qualitati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300208
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00