Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This study examined trends and differentials in US childhood mortality from 1950 through 1993 according to sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. METHODS:Log-linear, multiple regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to the data from the National Vital Statistics System, the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, and the Area Resource File. RESULTS:Substantial declines in US childhood mortality have occurred in the past 4 decades, primarily due to decreases in mortality from unintentional injuries, cancer, pneumonia and influenza, and congenital anomalies. The overall declining trend, however, has been dampened by a twofold to threefold increase in the suicide and homicide rates among children since 1968. Male, Black, American Indian, Hawaiian, and Puerto Rican children and those in the lower socioeconomic strata were at an increased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS:Increasing trends in mortality from violence, firearm injuries, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pose a major obstacle to continued declines in US childhood mortality. Reducing socioeconomic disparities and improving access to and use of health care may bring about further declines in overall and injury-related childhood mortality.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Singh GK,Yu SMdoi
10.2105/ajph.86.4.505subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-04-01 00:00:00pages
505-12issue
4eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:It is widely believed that risk factors identified in previous epidemiologic studies accurately predict adolescent drug use. Comparative studies are needed to determine how risk factors vary in prevalence, distribution, sensitivity, and pattern across the major US ethnic/racial groups. METHODS:Baseline ques...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.2.185
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the costs associated with reducing class sizes in kindergarten through grade 3 as well as the effects of small class sizes on selected outcomes such as quality-adjusted life-years and future earnings. METHODS:We used multiple data sets to predict changes in the outcomes assessed according to le...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.105478
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the effect of chiropractic use on overall health care utilization patterns, the volume and pattern of ambulatory physician visits by elderly persons having contact with chiropractors are compared with those having contact with physicians only. This analysis is based on data representative of the Canadian Pro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.5.553
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.683
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed the relationship between physician migration from developing source countries to more developed host countries (brain drain) and the developmental and global health profiles of source countries. METHODS:We used a cross-section of 141 countries that lost emigrating physicians to the 4 major desti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.095844
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to develop a methodology for estimating potential solid organ donors and measuring donation performance in a geographic region based on readily available data on the hospitals in that region. METHODS:Medical records were reviewed in a stratified random sample of 89 hospitals from 3 regions...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.11.1645
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:I examined genetic influences on smoking among adolescents and differences in the heritability of smoking across states in the United States. METHODS:With data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (participants aged 12-21 years), I used a multilevel twin- and sibling-pair (N = 2060 pair...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.134932
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking among young women is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Gender specific influences on smoking, quitting and attempting to quit are hypothesized to occur and may have implications for cessation programs. METHODS:Telephone surveys were conducted in a large (n = 6,711) cohort of you...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.3.324
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of consumer demand for patient-oriented pharmacy services. Data, collected via a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 300 households, were analyzed using Kruskal's program for additive conjoint analysis. The results indicate substantial consumer demand ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.6.609
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This report documents the effect of not having had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test on survival with uterine cervical squamous carcinoma. METHODS:Data were derived from Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans Tumor Registry reports for 1984-1987 and 1996. RESULTS:During the 5 study years, 101 of 213 women (4...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.4.620
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine whether supplemental private insurance coverage among Medicare recipients alters patterns of health care or outcomes associated with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:Medicare patients hospitalized after a myocardial infarction were identified from New York City hospitalization rec...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.5.778
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to identify circumstances in which biochemical assessments of smoking produce systematically higher or lower estimates of smoking than self-reports. A secondary aim was to evaluate different statistical approaches to analyzing variation in validity estimates. METHODS:Literature...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.7.1086
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine the accuracy of geocoding for public health databases. METHODS:A test file of 70 addresses, 50 of which involved errors, was generated, and the file was geocoded to the census tract and block group levels by 4 commercial geocoding firms. Also, the "real world" accuracy of the ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.7.1114
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In this study, we examine the impact of a school-based curriculum designed to reduce violence among urban sixth-grade students. METHODS:This study used a staggered implementation design in which sixth-graders in six middle schools were taught an 18-session violence-prevention curriculum during either the fa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.6.979
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from a national sample of hospitals were used to explore reasons for improved in-hospital survival rate for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery between 1972 and 1982. Increases in annual volumes of surgery explain a large fraction of the decline in death rates. The residual can be attributed to improved t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.4.498
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Italian death rates and years of potential life lost (YPLL) for all causes and for 12 selected aggregations of causes are reported for 1979 and 1983, with the latter compared to United States data. Cancer is the leading cause of YPLL in Italy (23.8 per cent of total YPLL), followed by unintentional injuries (16.3 ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1202
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed shifts in patterns of mortality during a hot weather event in greater Vancouver, British Columbia. METHODS:We used a case-only analysis to compare characteristics of individuals who died during the hottest week of 2009 with those who died (1) during earlier summer weeks in 2009 and (2) during th...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300670
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the relative risk of alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents and fatalities after New Mexico lifted its ban on Sunday packaged alcohol sales. We extracted all alcohol-related crashes from New Mexico police reports for 3652 days between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 2000, and found a 29% increase in alcohol-...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.069153
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five years after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, the mental health of women who had been pregnant and living within 10 miles of Three Mile Island at the time of the accident was similar to that of women from the same area who became pregnant after the accident. Ratings of the development of the two groups of c...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.3.384
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This work was undertaken to determine whether there are any chronic neurological sequelae to acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. METHODS:California surveillance data were used in a study of neurological function among 128 men poisoned by organophosphate pesticides in California from 1982 to 1990 and ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.731
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although "population health" is one of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Triple Aim goals, its relationship to accountable care organizations (ACOs) remains ill-defined and lacks clarity as to how the clinical delivery system intersects with the public health system. Although defining population health as "pa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301254
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine whether nutrient-rich whole grains reduce mortality risk. METHODS:The study included 38,740 Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain data on grain intake. RESULTS:Median whole grain intake quintiles ranged from a median of 0.2 to more...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.3.322
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wage theft, or nonpayment of wages to which workers are legally entitled, is a major contributor to low income, which in turn has adverse health effects. We describe a participatory research study of wage theft among immigrant Chinatown restaurant workers. We conducted surveys of 433 workers, and developed and used a ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301813
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the first reported cases of individuals with mental retardation who have subsequently become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The implications of this finding for agencies which provide services to persons with mental retardation are described. Where conflicts arise, the authors propose tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.4.491
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Curriculum development in masters of public health programs that effectively meets the complex challenges of the 21st century is an important part of public health education and requires purposeful thinking. Current approaches to training the public health work-force do not adequately prepare professionals to be cultu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062950
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine the extent to which children in the child welfare system receive mental health care consistent with national standards. METHODS:We used data from 4 waves (3 years of follow-up) of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, the nation's first longitudinal study of children i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.151472
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used data from the National Health Interview Survey to compare health care access among individuals involved in same-sex versus opposite-sex relationships. METHODS:We conducted descriptive and logistic regression analyses from pooled data on 614 individuals in same-sex relationships and 93418 individuals...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062661
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined rates of uninsurance among workers in the US health care workforce by health care industry subtype and workforce category. METHODS:We used 2004 to 2006 National Health Interview Survey data to assess health insurance coverage rates. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to est...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.152413
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a cross-sectional survey of high-socioeconomic status (SES) African American men and their health to examine the relationship between John Henryism (the strong behavioral predisposition to directly confront barriers to upward social mobility) and self-reported physical health status. We found a positive a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.5.737
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify people living with HIV/AIDS from Medicare and Medicaid claims data to estimate Medicaid costs for treating HIV/AIDS in California. We also examined how alternate methods of identifying the relevant sample affect estimates of per capita costs. METHODS:We analyzed data on Californians en...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302263
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00