Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:We investigated how persons from key populations at higher risk of HIV exposure interpreted the process and outcomes of the Step Study HIV-1 vaccine trial, which was terminated early, and implications for willingness to participate in and community support for HIV vaccine research. METHODS:We used qualitative methods and a community-based approach in 9 focus groups (n = 72) among ethnically and sexually diverse populations and 6 semistructured key informant interviews in Ontario, Canada, in 2007 to 2008. RESULTS:Participants construed social meaning from complex clinical and biomedical phenomena. Social representations and mental models emerged in fears of vaccine-induced infection, conceptualizations of unfair recruitment practices and increased risk behaviors among trial participants, and questioning of informed consent. Narratives of altruism and the common good demonstrated support for future trials. CONCLUSIONS:Public discourse on HIV vaccine trials is a productive means of interpreting complex clinical trial processes and outcomes in the context of existing beliefs and experiences regarding HIV vaccines, medical research, and historical disenfranchisement. Strategic engagement with social representations and mental models may promote meaningful community involvement in biomedical HIV prevention research.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Newman PA,Logie C,James L,Charles T,Maxwell J,Salam K,Woodford Mdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2011.300208subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-09-01 00:00:00pages
1749-58issue
9eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2011.300208journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among high school students in Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS:Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were given to 3909 8th and 11th graders in a stratified random sample of 49 public and private schools. The instrument included items fr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.2.219
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study estimated the magnitude of health improvements resulting from a proposed living wage ordinance in San Francisco. METHODS:Published observational models of the relationship of income to health were applied to predict improvements in health outcomes associated with proposed wage increases in San Fr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.9.1398
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of recovery from alcohol problems with and without treatment, including whether such recoveries involved abstinence or moderate drinking. METHODS:Data from two surveys of randomly selected adults in the general population were analyzed. Random-digit ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.7.966
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A six-year prospective study provides estimates of functional status (independent, dependent, nursing home resident, or deceased) according to age, gender, and previous functional status for Caucasian elders initially living in the community. Half the cohort had sustained independence for the six years; of those depen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.3.266
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In suicidal behavior emergency room admissions of 13- to 17-year olds at the Brockton Hospital (Massachusetts), females predominated over males by almost two to one. For subclassification of life-threatening behaviors, frequency was about the same for males and females, but for suicide attempts and suicide gestures, f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.1.90
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Whitehall Study, which followed 17,139 male civil servants over 33 years, the association between tall stature and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality differed between employment grades. In men without CHD at study entry, the hazard ratio per 15-cm increase in height was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/2004.046219
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the feasibility of collecting race/ethnicity data from patients using their own preferred racial/ethnic terms. METHODS:The 424 patients described their race/ethnicity using their own categories, and we compared their descriptions with their responses to the questions (1) "Do you consider yoursel...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062620
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary arteries and aortas obtained at autopsy in six populations were examined microscopically. Two variants of atherosclerosis could be separately quantified by objective morphometry. These two variants, fibroplasia and atheronecrosis, were both found to increase with age and to correlate with each other from one ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.5.575
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We studied 5 members of the National Network Consortium on Tobacco Control in Priority Populations. These networks, which consist of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, targeted lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons; Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders; American Ind...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.184358
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine the role of neighborhood poverty and racial composition on race disparities in diabetes prevalence. METHODS:We used data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 2000 US Census to estimate the impact of individual race and poverty and neighborhood racial...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301420
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We describe trends in receipt of preventive dental care among Medicaid-enrolled children in Pennsylvania between 2005 and 2010, comparing the US children of immigrants with their co-ethnic peers in nonimmigrant families. METHODS:We analyzed Pennsylvania Medicaid claims, birth records, and census data for ch...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302157
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the readiness to vaccinate critical infrastructure personnel (CIP) involved in managing public works, emergency services, transportation, or any other system or asset that would have an immediate debilitating impact on the community if not maintained. METHODS:We analyzed self-reported planning to ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared cycling injury risks of 14 route types and other route infrastructure features. METHODS:We recruited 690 city residents injured while cycling in Toronto or Vancouver, Canada. A case-crossover design compared route infrastructure at each injury site to that of a randomly selected control site fro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300762
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1974 and 1975, a selective tuberculosis screening program was conducted in a small mining community in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Former miners, 50 years of age and over, who had abnormal chest radiographs consistent with silicosis or inactive tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests, were offered isoniazid pr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.12.1404
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with body composition, leisure-time physical activity, cigarette smoking, and education were examined in a community-based sample of 480 Black and 1337 White women. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated inverse associations of HDL with body mass ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.1.98
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We explored whether excesses in influenza severity can be detected by combining respiratory syndromic hospital and mortality data with data on influenza-like illness (ILI) cases obtained from general practitioners. METHODS:To identify excesses in the severity of influenza infections in the population of the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.168245
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify correlates of reported lifetime diagnoses of TB among injection drug users in the border city of Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS:Injection drug users in Tijuana were recruited into a prospective cohort study during 2006 and 2007. We used weighted multivariate logistic regression to identify c...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.142166
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of the Freedom of Information Act can be potentially harmful to the security of research in progress. There is no protection from disclosure of information in grant applications; collected research data can be obtained and disclosed prematurely; and data supporting published research may be acquired and re-analyz...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.4.335
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies of stress in childhood have used instruments containing items describing events/conditions thought by adults to be stressful for children. In interviews with 5th- and 6th-grade children, we asked them to describe circumstances that would make or had made them feel bad, nervous, or worried. After prete...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.2.117
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several epidemiologists have published papers in major medical journals in which they compare incidence rates and prevalence and use these comparisons to support conclusions regarding questions of major public health importance. Although these papers have been criticized in published correspondence, we believe that co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.9.1301
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines artificial reproduction (AR) within a broad comparative perspective and with specific reference to Czechoslovak law, medicine, and demography. It proceeds form an analysis of the social context that gives rise to technologies of AR to a review of the two principal technologies, artificial inseminat...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.1.57
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To assess if historical redlining, the US government's 1930s racially discriminatory grading of neighborhoods' mortgage credit-worthiness, implemented via the federally sponsored Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) color-coded maps, is associated with contemporary risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305656
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify individual and contextual predictors of adolescent smoking initiation and progression to daily smoking by race/ethnicity. METHODS:We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to estimate the effects of individual (adolescent, family, peer) and contextual (scho...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.1.128
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS and NHS II) in addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for and consequences of obesity. METHODS:Narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. RESULTS:Long-term NHS research has shown that weight gain and ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303326
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To examine exposure to psychological attempts to change a person's gender identity from transgender to cisgender (PACGI) among transgender people in the United States, lifetime and between the years 2010 and 2015, by US state.Methods. We obtained data from the 2015 US Transgender Survey, a cross-sectional ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305237
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:How do health care professionals assess the care of hospital patients near the end of life? Are physicians and nurses aware of and in agreement with national recommendations regarding patients' rights to forgo life-sustaining medical treatments and to receive adequate pain control? METHODS:We surveyed 687 p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.1.14
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::My experiences as a mentor of young investigators, along with conversations with a diverse pool of mentees, led me to question the ability of conventional research methods, problem formulation, and instruments to address the unique challenges of studying racial and ethnic minorities. Training of new investigators shou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.135996
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comments on a paper of physicians' attitudes toward abortion are presented. The reasons for approval of abortion which show about 80% citing medical or psychiatric and only 60% citing social reasons or a woman's right to do with her body what she wants support the belief in the sexist attitudes of physicians. Disbel...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.66.9.905-a
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to analyze the smoking changes that have occurred among pregnant Black teenagers in Missouri. The study also examines changes in Black teenage pregnancy outcomes in relation to smoking behavior changes. METHODS:This analysis used computerized data files from the 1978 to 1990 Mis...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.8.1121
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:National data are thought to underestimate pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. A multisource surveillance system for pregnancy-associated deaths in New Jersey offers an opportunity to identify the magnitude of and the trends in pregnancy-related mortality at the state level. METHODS:Data from ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.8.1085
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00