Abstract:
:Several epidemiologists have published papers in major medical journals in which they compare incidence rates and prevalence and use these comparisons to support conclusions regarding questions of major public health importance. Although these papers have been criticized in published correspondence, we believe that continued use and advocacy of such comparisons by some epidemiologists has created the need for a full discussion of this practice. In this commentary, we review basic differences between incidence and prevalence and show that direct comparison of these two measures is inappropriate for conceptual, theoretical, and practical reasons.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Flanders WD,O'Brien TRdoi
10.2105/ajph.79.9.1301subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-09-01 00:00:00pages
1301-3issue
9eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Public health often deals with inconvenient truths. These are best communicated and acted on when public health agencies are independent of the organizations or individuals for whom the truths are inconvenient. The importance of public health independence is exemplified by the lack of involvement of the Pennsylvania D...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301755
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate 3 single-item screening measures for limited health literacy in a community-based population of English and Spanish speakers. METHODS:We recruited 324 English and 314 Spanish speakers from a community research registry in Dallas, Texas, enrolled between 2009 and 2012. We used 3 screening measure...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303092
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether sexual minorities have an earlier mortality than do heterosexuals, we investigated associations between sexual orientation assessed in the 2001 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and mortality in the 2011 NHANES-linked mortality file. Mortality follow-up time averag...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303052
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The United States faces a significant problem with access to oral health care, particularly for children. More than 50 countries have developed an alternative dental provider, a dental therapist, practicing in public, school-based programs, to address children's access to care. This delivery model has been demonstrate...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301251
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To quantify the number of people in the US who delay medical care annually because of lack of available transportation and to examine the differential prevalence of this barrier for adults across sociodemographic characteristics and patient populations.Methods. We used data from the National Health Intervi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305579
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the firearms used in 235 suicides in Sacramento County, California, during 1983-85. Handguns were used in 69 per cent of firearm suicides--65 per cent for males, 88 per cent for females--and in all such deaths among women ages 35 and older. We tested the hypothesis that the choice of firearms by persons c...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.7.824
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the outpatient medical records of 265 homeless children less than 5 years of age in New York City and compared them with children of similar low socioeconomic status (SES) attending the same pediatric clinic. The frequency of health problems among the homeless children, including delayed immunizations, ele...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1232
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study tested the hypothesis that tobacco industry campaign contributions influence state legislators' behavior. METHODS:Multivariate simultaneous equations regression was used to analyze data on tobacco industry campaign contributions to state legislators and legislators' tobacco control policy scores ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.6.918
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined trends and differentials in US childhood mortality from 1950 through 1993 according to sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. METHODS:Log-linear, multiple regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to the data from the National Vit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.4.505
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the influence of undocumented immigration in the United States on 4 different metrics of drug and alcohol problems: drug arrests, drug overdose fatalities, driving under the influence (DUI) arrests, and DUI deaths. METHODS:We combined newly developed state-level estimates of the undocumented popu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Understanding more about the psychological state of persons notified of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is critical for designing notification and counseling programs that will have the most positive effect. METHODS:The subjects were blood donors who had been notified of HIV infection by the Ne...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.4.534
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The female condom is the only other barrier contraception method besides the male condom, and it is the only "woman-initiated" device for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Although studies demonstrate high acceptability and effectiveness for this device, overall use in the United States remains low. The f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.179598
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the association with birthweight of prenatal medical care, length of gestation, and other prenatal factors, birth certificate data were studied for babies born in 1978 to mothers who were residents of Alameda or Contra Costa counties, California. Using multiple regression data analytic techniques, adequate p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.9.1003
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the impact of a maternal-child home visitation program on birth spacing for first-time Latina mothers, focusing on adolescents and women who identified as Mexican or Puerto Rican. METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study. One thousand Latina women enrolled in the Pennsylvania Nurse-Family P...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301505
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationship between atrial fibrillation and (1) stroke and (2) all-cause mortality. METHODS:All eligible Medicare patients older than 65 years of age hospitalized in 1985 were followed up for 4 years. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used for assessment of risk ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.3.395
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether social processes of neighborhoods, such as collective efficacy, during individual's adolescent years affect the likelihood of being involved in physical dating violence during young adulthood. METHODS:Using longitudinal data on 633 urban youths aged 13 to 19 years at baseline and data fr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.169730
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether school or nonschool environments contribute more to childhood overweight, we compared children's gains in body mass index (BMI) when school is in session (during the kindergarten and first-grade school years) with their gains in BMI when school is out (during summer vacation). METHODS:T...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.080754
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We systematically identified and evaluated the quality and comprehensiveness of online information related to weight loss that users were likely to access. METHODS:We evaluated the content quality, accessibility of the information, and author credentials for Web sites in 2012 that were identified from weigh...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302070
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the independent effect of homeless and doubled-up episodes on physical and mental health, cognitive development, and health care use among children. METHODS:We used data from 4 waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, involving a sample of 2631 low-income children in 20 large US ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300098
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low income families were interviewed to determine factors related to the number of family food servings per week. A multiple regression model indicated that participation in WIC (supplemental food program for women, infants and children), household size, and number of different income sources were associated with more...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.11.1376
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the correlates of clinical gallbladder disease among US adults and whether serum ascorbic acid levels are associated with a decreased prevalence of gallbladder disease. METHODS:Cross-sectional analyses of data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were conducte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.8.1208
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study investigated douching and reduced fertility. METHODS:The monthly probability of conception for douchers and nondouchers was compared in a sample of 840 married, parous women in King County, Washington. Data on the number of months required to conceive were analyzed. RESULTS:In comparison with no...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.6.844
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the joint impact of states' Medicaid expansion and participation in Medicaid enrollment outreach at the take-up of other means-tested public programs (Women, Infants, and Children [WIC], Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP]). METHODS:Data were used from the American Community Survey, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304592
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noneconomic factors can be critical to the outcome of an economic development program. Anyone with development experience will have no difficulty recalling instances where, despite good economic planning, failure to account for social, cultural, and/or health factors has resulted in program accomplishments which fell...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.61.9.1751
更新日期:1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using claims data from 443 employee groups in North Carolina, this study examines the acute care hospital utilization rates of hospital employees and their dependents and compares them to employee groups in non-hospital settings. Results show that hospital employee groups account for 28 per cent more hospital days tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.9.1021
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking behavior of consistently high and low users of medical care services were compared in two groups of older health maintenance organization (HMO) members continuously enrolled for five years and a subgroup who were continuously enrolled for 10 years. Smokers and former smokers, combined, were more likely than ne...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.5.603
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We identified factors associated with inpatient hospitalizations among a population-based cohort of homeless adults in Toronto, Ontario. METHODS:We recruited participants from shelters and meal programs. We then linked them to administrative databases to capture hospital admissions during the study (2005-20...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301646
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether the traditional definition of small for gestational age (SGA) is an appropriate marker of risk for populations that have relatively lower birthweight is unclear. We determined proportions of White and Asian Indian SGA infants and those admitted to the special care nursery. Compared with White infants, Asian In...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether associations between education and 2 health behaviors--smoking and leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI)--depended on nativity and age at immigration among Hispanic and Asian young adults. METHODS:Data came from the 2000-2008 National Health Interview Survey. The sample included 13 345...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.191890
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationship of sociodemographic factors and use of substances other than cocaine to cocaine use from 1987 to 1992 in a cohort of Black and White men and women 20 to 32 years of age. METHODS:Data were collected as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Se...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.12.1736
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00