Abstract:
:The effective management of constipation in childhood requires an understanding of the ways that the physical and psychological factors interact. The early difficulty with defecation that leads to pain, fear, and refusal to use the pot or lavatory often progresses to the formation of vicious cycles of increasing faecal retention as the rectum increases in capacity and the experience of passing large, hard stools is repeated. There is increasing distress as overflow faecal incontinence compounds the problem for the older child. The medical, psychological, and surgical management strategies are reviewed together with the rationale for their use.
journal_name
Postgrad Med Jjournal_title
Postgraduate medical journalauthors
Clayden G,Keshtgar ASdoi
10.1136/pmj.79.937.616subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
616-21issue
937eissn
0032-5473issn
1469-0756journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The side effects of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the stomach is undoubtedly a serious public health problem contributing significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients receiving these drugs. However, the damage of NSAIDs is not confined to the stomach. Indeed the short term ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.039586
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Important implications for the recognition of iron deficiency anaemia include diagnosis and correction of underlying causes, most of which are identifiable, in the older patient, by means of conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and by colonoscopy. The aetiological search may, however, have to be widened to i...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.76.894.195
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This short overview discusses circadian rhythms observed in cardiovascular events such as myocardial ischaemia and myocardial infarction, which occur most frequently in the morning. Changes in the frequency of occurrence seem to be related to, and may result from, circadian rhythms in factors such as heart rate, blood...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::" Blo -Bag", a new disposable spacer device, has been tested in conjunction with Duovent metered dose inhaler. Duovent produced a significant bronchodilatation for the duration of the study. When delivered by the " Blo -Bag" it produced a significantly greater increase in peak expiratory flow rate than when delivered ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a 78-year-old woman with clinical acute hypopituitarism in whom pathologic findings showed lymphocytic hypophysitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Lymphocytic hypophysitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypopituitarism at any age. The association with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.73.865.732
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disorder of recurrent vascular thrombosis, pregnancy loss and thrombocytopenia associated with persistently elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. It was first described in a group of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but has since been associated with a wide range of c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.75.879.45
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of the airways by eosinophils and ensuing bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The activation of eosinophils and their recruitment to the airways are strongly influenced by T-lymphocytes and their products. There is now evidence that successful therapy of asthm...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristics of three combinations of thiopentone and etomidate [in the ratios of thiopentone (mg):etomidate (mg) of 5:1, 13:1 and 25:1] have been compared with the individual agents alone for the induction of anaesthesia. The incidence of pain on injection and abnormal movements was less with the combination c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.777.539
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines clinical features of late onset anorexia nervosa. This involved the scrutiny of a large database of patients with anorexia nervosa comprising data gathered at standardized initial assessments over the period 1960-1990. Patients with a late onset were compared to other selected patient samples. The ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.67.793.973
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease, especially when it affects younger individuals, tends to cluster in families. Known risk factors occur in 50-75% of patients with myocardial infarction. Yet commonly occurring risk factors are not strongly inherited, and the familial aggregation of coronary heart diseas may not be attributable ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.52.610.477
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the case of a patient with multiple myeloma who developed acute life-threatening water intoxication following treatment with oral indomethacin and low dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. We describe a possible drug interaction between these two drugs and recommend that they should only be used together with c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.65.770.950
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 32 year old man with alcohol-induced pain over a right submandibular swelling is described. Excision biopsy of this swelling revealed chronic sialadenitis and the symptoms promptly ceased following this excision. We speculate on the possible pathophysiological mechanism. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.781.949
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high proportion (40%) of patients with definite myocardial ischaemia who were questioned on admission to a Cardiac Monitoring Unit had experienced preceding chest pain which had been misinterpreted by both the patients themselves and doctors as 'indigestion' and which had often been inappropriately treated. 'Indiges...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.60.703.338
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines have not been examined collectively for their impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether intensive outpatient follow up of COPD patients after acute admission, using these guidelines, improved quality of life compared to the "usual practice" ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2003.012831
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ulcerative colitis is not commonly associated with recognizable pulmonary disease and only four sporadic cases of sarcoidosis in association with ulcerative colitis have been previously reported. However, in a series of 680 patients with ulcerative colitis, pulmonary or extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis has at some stage be...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.727.341
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with systemic Castleman's disease (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) including bone changes and peripheral neuropathy, is described. She also had pseudotumour cerebri, and, as this association has been reported previously, it is unlikely to be due to chance. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.749.217
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Two questions were addressed: (1) How much physical activity do patients with diabetes perform? (2) What are the perceived factors that prevent patients from doing more physical activity? RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Interview based questionnaires were distributed to consecutive patients attending the Diabetes ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2003.010553
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the prevalence and extent of autonomic neuropathy amongst Africans with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we investigated 50 such patients at our clinic. Mean age (+/- 1 s.d.) was 26 +/- 6 years, male:female ratio was equal (25M:25F) and duration of diabetes was 4.0 +/- 3.0 years. A battery of s...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.70.821.188
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heatstroke following vigorous exercise is reported in a young male. Severe hepatic and renal failure resulted but the patient completely recovered following treatment by active measures to reduce his core temperature. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.748.157
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical features of acute chlorine gas inhalation, and its management are reviewed. Current medical views on the chronic effects of an acute overwhelming exposure on lung function (reactive airways dysfunction syndrome), and the more controversial field of lung disease secondary to repeated inhalations of lower c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.73.865.697
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of the abnormalities seen at left ventriculography in ischaemic heart disease is discussed. Aneurysms may be recognized when left ventriculography is combined with coronary arteriography to show the characteristic obliteration of the supplying artery. Localized areas of abnormal contraction s...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.54.627.16
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) associated with disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC) is usually fatal. Such a combination generally occurs at the term of pregnancy or in the immediate postpartum period. A case of AFE with DIC following a hypertonic-saline-induced abortion, is reported. The patient was in the midtri...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.59.688.127
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in pregnancy is discussed and illustrated with appropriate cases. The dangers of the usage of high doses of antithyroid drugs and of propranolol are described. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.55.643.340
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herniation of a thoracic disc in an acromegalic giant is reported. Degenerative changes in the spine in association with dorsal kyphosis, and the additional strain, resulted in the disc prolapse. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.65.765.491
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryoglobulinaemia may cause cutaneous vasculitis and glomerulonephritis, potentially leading to end stage renal failure. An important proportion of cryoglobulinaemias are secondary to hepatitis C virus infection. Emerging antiviral treatment options offer a chance for causal therapy of these cases of cryoglobulinaemia...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.046078
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 25 year old woman with a 15-year history of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria developed transient pancytopenia following infection with human parvovirus B19. This is the first report of transient pancytopenia in a patient with an acquired haemolytic anaemia due to parvovirus. The possible mechanism of pancytopeni...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.740.483
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prognosis of patients with metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma is poor, and their disabling symptoms are usually unresponsive to conventional therapy. A patient with Cushing's syndrome secondary to a secretory adrenal cortical carcinoma was treated with octreotide, endocrine therapy and chemotherapy having faile...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.71.834.229
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors present the case report of a child with abdominal epilepsy who had suffered from abdominal pain for several months under the label of psychogenic pain. The important historical clues were pallor and cold sweating during the paroxysm, followed by lethargy and prolonged sleep. An abnormal electroencephalogra...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.750.281
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on 8 patients with giant lymph node hyperplasia (GLNH), diagnosed over a 10-year period. The age of the patients at diagnosis, the clinical presentation and the histological subtype varied, indicating that GNLH is a heterogeneous condition. One case was associated with liver cirrhosis, and in another patient...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.67.786.366
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient preference for intravenous or subcutaneous heparin in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis was assessed in a randomized cross-over study. Twenty patients with venographically proven deep venous thrombosis were randomized to receive subcutaneous or intravenous heparin for 3 days followed by 3 days of the oth...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.808.115
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00