Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Stroke is often a devastating complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Most children with SCD-related stroke have stenotic and occlusive disease of cerebral blood vessels due to intimal hyperplasia. This hyperplasia is hypothesized to result from an inflammatory response similar to that in atherosclerosis and has been attributed to infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether C pneumoniae infection is associated with stroke and cerebrovascular disease, including transient ischemic attacks and abnormal transcranial Doppler examinations, in children with SCD. METHODS:Children with SCD on chronic transfusion due to a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or abnormal transcranial Doppler; children with SCD without stroke; healthy controls; and children being transfused for other reasons were enrolled. Peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab specimens were collected from all patients. In patients on transfusion, pretransfusion specimens and samples from the unit of packed red blood cells being transfused were obtained. Peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMCs) and NP swab specimens were cultured for C pneumoniae in HEp-2 cells. C pneumoniae polymerase chain reaction was performed on PBMCs with a nested touch-down method with primers from the omp-1gene (in duplicate) and a second real-time polymerase chain reaction by using 16S ribosomal RNA primers. RESULTS:C pneumoniae DNA was detected in the PBMCs of 1 of 14 (7.1%) children with SCD on chronic transfusion, 1 of 10 (10%) sickle cell controls, 1 of 10 (10%) healthy controls, and none of the 5 children receiving chronic transfusion for other reasons. It was not detected in specimens from transfusion units. One child with SCD and stroke, 1 sickle cell control, and 1 transfusion control had positive NP cultures for C pneumoniae. C pneumoniae DNA was not detected in their PBMCs, and all 3 children were asymptomatic. C pneumoniae was not detected by culture of PBMCs from any of the patients after 7 passages. CONCLUSION:Stroke in children with SCD does not seem to be associated with C pneumoniae infection in our population.
journal_name
Pediatricsjournal_title
Pediatricsauthors
Goyal M,Miller ST,Hammerschlag MR,Gelling M,Gaydos CA,Hardick J,Wood BJ,Reznik T,Rao SPdoi
10.1542/peds.113.4.e318subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
e318-21issue
4eissn
0031-4005issn
1098-4275journal_volume
113pub_type
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