Linking the "two-hit" response following injury to enhanced TLR4 reactivity.

Abstract:

:Severe injury can initiate an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure (MOF) if a subsequent immune stimulus, "second hit", occurs. Using a mouse thermal injury model, we tested whether changes in innate immune cell reactivity following injury can contribute to the development of heightened inflammation and MOF. Using high-purity Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to selectively stimulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), we demonstrate augmented interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 production by 1 day but particularly, at 7 days after injury. The in vivo significance of enhanced TLR4 responsiveness was explored by challenging sham or burn mice with LPS at 1 or 7 days after injury and determining mortality along with in vivo cytokine and chemokine levels. Mortality was high (75%) in LPS-challenged burn but not sham mice at 7 days, although not at 1 day, after injury. Death was associated with leukocyte sequestration in the lungs and livers along with increased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in these organs. Blocking TNF-alpha activity prevented this mortality, suggesting that excessive TNF-alpha production contributes to this lethal response. These findings demonstrate the potential lethality of excessive TLR4 reactivity after injury and provide an explanation for the exaggerated inflammatory response to a second hit, which can occur following severe injury.

journal_name

J Leukoc Biol

authors

Murphy TJ,Paterson HM,Kriynovich S,Zang Y,Kurt-Jones EA,Mannick JA,Lederer JA

doi

10.1189/jlb.0704382

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2005-01-01 00:00:00

pages

16-23

issue

1

eissn

0741-5400

issn

1938-3673

pii

jlb.0704382

journal_volume

77

pub_type

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