Abstract:
:Early results from two transgenic mouse mutation assays, Big Blue [Kohler SW et al. (1991): Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:7958-7962] and Muta Mouse [Myhr BC (1991): Environ Mol Mutagen 18:308-315], raised questions about appropriate study design and methods for statistical analysis. First, there were a number of potential sources of variability in the technical aspects of the assay. These are "how we do it in our laboratory" differences, which, if not controlled, ultimately make inter-laboratory comparison of data difficult. Second, separate from the technical sources of variability were a number of study design issues, e.g., how many animals are needed in each treatment group, how many times should the animal be dosed, what is the appropriate expression period for a particular tissue, how many plaques need to be collected from each animal, and so on. To address these questions and to identify and understand the sources of variability in mutation data from these systems, a workshop was held in June, 1992 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. A core group of biologists and statisticians discussed possible sources of bias (tissue sampling, phage recovery and transgene recovery), possible sources of variability in mutant frequency (between animals, protocol-based sources, and design-based sources) and assay sensitivity. Following two days of discussion on protocol design and assay procedures, three action steps were recommended: (1) compile a data base of existing mutation data in transgenic mice to study its statistical features, (2) develop standard protocols for the mutation assays; and (3) use the standard protocol to generate a large data base of mutant frequencies in liver DNA from untreated mice for statistical study and analysis. This report summarizes the proceedings and recommendations of the workshop. The progress made toward these recommendations was reviewed in a second workshop, held in April, 1993, in Norfolk, Virginia, part of which is the subject of the accompanying paper by Piegorsch et al. To date, a standard protocol has been developed for the Big Blue mutagenesis assay and a data base of over 90 million plaques from seven labs using either the Big Blue or Muta Mouse system has been assembled, including a large data set of spontaneous liver mutant frequencies in the Big Blue system.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Gorelick NJ,Thompson EDdoi
10.1002/em.2850230104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
12-6issue
1eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280journal_volume
23pub_type
abstract::A multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed to detect aneuploidy and diploidy in epididymal sperm of rats using DNA probes specific for chromosomes 4 and Y. Fourteen healthy young-adult rats from three strains were evaluated: inbred Fisher 344/N/ehs, outbred Sprague-Dawley, and outbred ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DAS (diallyl sulfide), DADS (diallyl disulfide), and DATS (diallyl trisulfide) are major oil-soluble allyl sulfides (OAS) that represent major garlic constituents. The anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effects of these substances have been extensively studied during the last decades. Previous reports suggest that ind...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20467
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we compared the ability of extractable organic material from particulate and semivolatile fractions of gasoline emission to induce mutations in bacteria and form adducts with calf thymus (CT) DNA with corresponding data obtained from diesel exhaust. Exhaust particles from gasoline-powered passenger cars ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10172
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under the exposome paradigm all nongenetic factors contributing to disease are considered to be 'environmental' including chemicals, drugs, infectious agents, and psychosocial stress. We can consider these collectively as environmental stressors. Exposomics is the comprehensive analysis of exposure to all environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21985
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vivo Pig-a mutation assay has been adapted for measuring mutation in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. To date, the assay has been used mainly to assess the mutagenicity of chemicals that are known to be powerful point mutagens. The assay has not been used to measure the biological effects associated with ionizi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21724
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mentha piperita or peppermint is currently used for alleviating nausea, flatulence, and vomiting. In the present investigation, we evaluated the chemopreventive, antigenotoxic, and antioxidative effects of an aqueous extract of Mentha piperita leaves. One-day-old Swiss albino mice were treated with a single subcutaneo...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1002/em.20185
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome aberrations can occur by secondary mechanism(s) associated with cytotoxicity, induced by chemicals that do not attack DNA. Aberrations are formed from DNA double-strand breaks, and DSBs are known to be induced by nonmutagenic (Ames test negative) noncarcinogens at toxic levels [Storer et al. (1996): Mutat R...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), a carcinogen in rodents, is metabolically activated by microsomal cytochrome P450 to form an alpha-hydroxylated derivative, which induces mutations. The mutations have been demonstrated by use of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. We discovered directly acting mu...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) with superparamagnetic properties hold great promise for use in various biomedical applications; specific examples include use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, in targeted drug delivery, and for induced hyperthermia cancer treatments. Increasing potential applications r...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.21909
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of long-term smoking on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in hair follicles were investigated in subjects with different antioxidant capacity. Twenty-two male smokers with a smoking index of greater than 5 pack-years and without any known systemic diseases were recruited for this study. Forty healthy non...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10105
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA damage induced by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in the induction of skin cancer. Although UVA constitutes the majority of solar UV radiation, it is less damaging to DNA than UVB. The DNA damage produced by UVA radiation, however, can be augmented in the presence of a photosensitizer. We ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20166
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutagenicity is an important toxicological endpoint that requires thorough evaluation during the industrial chemical registration process. Regulatory requirements for mutagenicity assessment in registration of industrial chemicals vary in geographic regions (and in some cases by intended application). Here we compile ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.22096
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay was employed to test the mutagenicity of some benzamines (aniline, and o- and p-phenylenediamine) and their nitro-derivatives (p-nitroaniline, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 3- and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine), using strains TA98 and TA100 and their nitroreductase-deficient mutants, TA...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:1<67::AID-EM9>3.0.
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gravid Swiss Webster dams were injected via tail vein with a single (1.1, 2.2, or 3.3 mmol/kg) dose of ethyl carbamate (urethane) on days 13-17 of pregnancy. Relative sister chromatid exchange (SCE) responses in maternal bone marrow vs. individual fetal liver cells were assessed. In addition, in order to evaluate the ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140204
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aristolochic acid (AA) is a potent human nephrotoxin and carcinogen. We previously reported that AA treatment resulted in DNA damage and mutation in the kidney and liver of rats. In this study, we have determined the DNA adducts and mutations induced by AA in rat spleen. Big Blue® transgenic rats were gavaged with 0, ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21696
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the influence of DNA repair by Ogt alkyltransferase on the distribution of alkylnitrosourea-induced mutations, we have analysed in Ogt-proficient and Ogt-deficient bacterial strains the DNA sequence changes of a total of 357 independent mutations occurring within the initial part of the lacl gene of Esche...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)29:2<180::aid-em9>3.0
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::F- is not mutagenic in standard bacterial systems, but produces chromosome aberrations and gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells. Although there is disagreement in the literature concerning the ability of F- to induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human and rodent cells, the weight of the evidence leads to t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850210402
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term "the DNA damage response" (DDR) encompasses a sophisticated array of cellular initiatives set in motion as cells are exposed to DNA-damaging events. It has been known for over half a century that all organisms have the ability to restore genomic integrity through DNA repair. More recent discoveries of signal ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20597
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paraoxon (diethyl-p-nitrophenylphosphate) is the toxic, but non-mutagenic metabolite of the organophosphorus ester (OP) insecticide parathion. Although this agent has been used as a deacetylase inhibitor in many studies, we discovered a mutagenic synergy with paraoxon and plant-activated m-phenylenediamine or with dir...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the mutagens in fumes produced by heating three different cooking oils used in Taiwan to temperatures of 100 degrees C, 200 degrees C, and 300 degrees C, and constructed models to study the efficacy of fume extractors used commonly by Taiwanese women. Particulates of volatile emissions from lard (at 200 d...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced in a completely defined system containing glutathione (GSH), purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and EDTA- and ADP-chelated ferric iron was enhanced by catalytic amounts of cupric ions and by ceruloplasmin (CP). The enhancement depended on GSH concentration,...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)29:1<73::aid-em10>3.0
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster was used here to determine the detrimental effects induced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposure. The main aim was to explore its interaction with the intestinal barrier and the genotoxic effects induced in hemocytes. The observed effects were compared with those obtained b...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22262
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tryptophan is metabolized through serotonin, indole, and kynurenine (KN) pathways. Uptake of an excess amount of tryptophan accompanied with vitamin B6 deficiency may result in the accumulation of higher concentrations of metabolites mainly from the KN pathways in the bladder. These metabolites could interact with nit...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20588
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Taiwanese women. Cigarette smoking cannot explain the high lung cancer mortality in this population because less than 10% of women in Taiwan are smokers. Therefore, environmental factors other than smoking may play an important role in lung cancer development in ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.1037
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous population-based studies have identified subject characteristics that, when combined, can account for approximately 20% of the observed interindividual variation in baseline SCE rates. In the present investigation, a classic twin study design was used to address the issue of the relevance of genetic factors t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850200103
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic dyes are released in wastewater from textile manufacturing plants, and many of these dyes are genotoxic. In the present study, the mutagenicity of azo, anthraquinone, and triphenyl methane dyes was investigated before and after successive biodegradation with activated sludge and the ligninolytic fungus, Irpe...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20224
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium/copper chlorophyllin (CHL) is a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll that exhibits antimutagenic activity in several short-term genotoxicity assays and inhibits carcinogen-DNA binding in vivo. The effect of CHL pretreatment on the excretion of mutagens in the urine and feces of male Sprague-Dawley rats has b...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850200308
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is scientific and regulatory interest in using mutation assays in transgenic mice in safety assessments for new chemicals and drugs. Currently these assays are in the process of being validated, and protocols for routine testing are being defined. Some of the issues and results to date with regard to assay valid...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850250309
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To protect human and ecosystem health, it is necessary to develop sensitive assays and to identify responsive cells and species (and their life stages). In this study, the relative genotoxicity of two inorganic arsenicals: trivalent sodium arsenite (As(3+)) and pentavalent sodium arsenate (As(5+)), was evaluated in tw...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20027
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that is used for reducing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus I. Combinations of AZT and 3'-thiacytidine (3TC) are even more effective than AZT alone. AZT, however, is a mutagen and carcinogen in rodent models and 3TC ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20280
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00