Abstract:
:Under the exposome paradigm all nongenetic factors contributing to disease are considered to be 'environmental' including chemicals, drugs, infectious agents, and psychosocial stress. We can consider these collectively as environmental stressors. Exposomics is the comprehensive analysis of exposure to all environmental stressors and should yield a more thorough understanding of chronic disease development. We can operationalize exposomics by studying all the small molecules in the body and their influence on biological pathways that lead to impaired health. Here, we describe methods by which this may be achieved and discuss the application of exposomics to cumulative risk assessment in vulnerable populations. Since the goal of cumulative risk assessment is to analyze, characterize, and quantify the combined risks to health from exposures to multiple agents or stressors, it seems that exposomics is perfectly poised to advance this important area of environmental health science. We should therefore support development of tools for exposomic analysis and begin to engage impacted communities in participatory exposome research. A first step may be to apply exposomics to vulnerable populations already studied by more conventional cumulative risk approaches. We further propose that recent migrants, low socioeconomic groups with high environmental chemical exposures, and pregnant women should be high priority populations for study by exposomics. Moreover, exposomics allows us to study interactions between chronic stress and environmental chemicals that disrupt stress response pathways (i.e., 'stressogens'). Exploring the impact of early life exposures and maternal stress may be an interesting and accessible topic for investigation by exposomics using biobanked samples.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Smith MT,de la Rosa R,Daniels SIdoi
10.1002/em.21985subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-12-01 00:00:00pages
715-23issue
9eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract::National and international regulatory agencies historically have used genotoxicity information as part of a weight-of-evidence approach to evaluate potential human carcinogenicity. Additionally, some agencies consider heritable mutation a regulatory endpoint. Furthermore, genotoxicity has the potential to contribute t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20216
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxicity of streptozotocin (STZ) was investigated in Chinese hamster fibroblast lines (CHO-9 and V79) in comparison to two other alkylating agents, methylnitrosourea (MNU) and ethylnitrosourea (ENU), using cell survival as the endpoint. It was found that V79 cells were far more resistant to methylation induced...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850260111
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to characterize in vivo gene mutations that occur during fetal development, molecular analyses were undertaken of mutant 6-thioguanine resistant T-lymphocytes isolated from placental cord blood samples of 13 normal male newborns. These mutant T-cells were studied to define hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosylt...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140404
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mouse Lymphoma Assay (MLA) Workgroup of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures held a second harmonization meeting just prior to the U.S. Environmental Mutagen Society Meeting in New Orleans, LA, in April 2000. The discussion focused on several important aspects of the MLA, including: 1) cytoto...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10122
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenic is an environmental pollutant capable of causing oxidative stress, disturbance of metabolism, and cancer development. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of exposure to sodium arsenite on the glutathione pool, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, global DNA methylation, and acti...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20328
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molybdenum is an essential element in plants and animals as a cofactor for enzymes. Molybdenum trioxide is used in metallurgical processes, in cosmetics as a pigment, and in contact lens solution, yet limited information is available on molybdenum genotoxicity. In the present study the micronucleus (MN) assay in human...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1998)32:3<251::aid-em8>3.0
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of mutations induced by xenotoxins is a common task in the field of genetic toxicology. Mutations are often detected by clonally expanding potential mutant cells and genotyping each viable clone by Sanger sequencing. Such a "clone-by-clone" approach requires significant time and effort, and sometimes is...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21992
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paraoxon (diethyl-p-nitrophenylphosphate) is the toxic, but non-mutagenic metabolite of the organophosphorus ester (OP) insecticide parathion. Although this agent has been used as a deacetylase inhibitor in many studies, we discovered a mutagenic synergy with paraoxon and plant-activated m-phenylenediamine or with dir...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintenance of the mitochondrial genome is essential for proper cellular function. For this purpose, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) needs to be faithfully replicated, transcribed, translated, and repaired in the face of constant onslaught from endogenous and environmental agents. Although only 13 polypeptides are encoded w...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.22319
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) with superparamagnetic properties hold great promise for use in various biomedical applications; specific examples include use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, in targeted drug delivery, and for induced hyperthermia cancer treatments. Increasing potential applications r...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.21909
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::V(D)J recombinase-mediated recombination between the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma variable (GV) genes at chromosome 7p15 and the TCR beta joining (BJ) genes at 7q35 leads to the formation of a hybrid TCR gene. These TCR gamma/beta interlocus rearrangements occur at classic V(D)J recombination signal sequences (RSS) and...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10099
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-isotopic in situ hybridization using a mouse gamma (major) satellite probe DNA was applied to detect centromeres in micronuclei, which were induced in vitro in mouse liver cells by ionizing radiation and by vinblastine sulfate. In a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay a dose-dependent induction of micronuclei w...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850190102
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atmospheric pollution represents a relevant environmental hazard which has been associated with considerable excess mortality, morbidity, and increased rates of respiratory diseases in humans. To date, more than 3,000 environmental chemical compounds have been identified in the ambient atmosphere, including a variety ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy has been proposed to have implications in the treatment of cancer. By genetically manipulating the hematopoietic stem cell compartment with genes that confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the dose escalation that is necessary to effectively treat the cancers could potentially be achieved. DNA rep...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(2000)35:2<71::aid-em1>3.0.
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vivo Pig-a mutation assay has been adapted for measuring mutation in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. To date, the assay has been used mainly to assess the mutagenicity of chemicals that are known to be powerful point mutagens. The assay has not been used to measure the biological effects associated with ionizi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21724
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classification of micronuclei induced by lomefloxacin, a difluorinated quinolone bactericidal agent, in mouse bone marrow was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using DNA probes for the centromere repeated minor satellite DNA and the telomeric hexamer repeat (5'-TTAGGG-3'). Colchicine and mitomycin C were...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20451
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A transplacental carcinogenicity study was conducted by exposing pregnant Swiss (CD-1) mice to 0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)/kg body weight (BW) daily for the duration of gestation (18-19 days) [National Toxicology Program,2006]. The incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinom...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20420
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate whether blood-based genotoxicity endpoints can provide temporal and dose-response data within the low-dose carcinogenic range that could contribute to carcinogenic mode of action (MoA) assessments, we evaluated the sensitivity of flow cytometry-based micronucleus and Pig-a gene mutation assays at and below...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21846
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline is a specific and potent carcinogen to the rat and mouse liver. Studies are described here in which it was evaluated for its ability to initiate unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the rat liver in vivo. Although some individual animals showed indications of a marginal response the absence of clear group posi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140403
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome aberrations can occur by secondary mechanism(s) associated with cytotoxicity, induced by chemicals that do not attack DNA. Aberrations are formed from DNA double-strand breaks, and DSBs are known to be induced by nonmutagenic (Ames test negative) noncarcinogens at toxic levels [Storer et al. (1996): Mutat R...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of pediatric cancer. Although exposure to environmental agents appears to predispose individuals to this disease, little attention has been paid to the role of genetic susceptibility to environmental exposures in the etiology of childhood ALL. The enzymes GSTM...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Umu test is one of the in vitro genotoxicity test that has been used widely. It was developed as a high-throughput test system using the 96-well microplate. We have previously constructed new umu test strains for the evaluation of genotoxicity of procarcinogenic metabolic products formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzym...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22092
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) are crucial for metabolism and clearance of xenobiotics. This study investigated whether CYP, GST, and NAT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with Lynch syndrome. The intera...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22113
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we compared the ability of extractable organic material from particulate and semivolatile fractions of gasoline emission to induce mutations in bacteria and form adducts with calf thymus (CT) DNA with corresponding data obtained from diesel exhaust. Exhaust particles from gasoline-powered passenger cars ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10172
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accessibility of reactive metabolites to test cells is critical for a genotoxic response. However, sulfo-conjugates formed outside may not readily enter cells, and some metabolites formed by cytochromes P450 (CYPs) may not endure transport. This topic was addressed in the present study, using V79 cells engineered ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22309
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Black cohosh extract (BCE) is a popular botanical dietary supplement marketed to relieve symptoms of various gynecological ailments. Studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) showed that BCE induces micronucleated erythrocytes in female rats and mice. Subsequently, the NTP showed that a variety of BCE...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22334
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison of spontaneous mutation spectra derived from different transgenic constructs can provide valuable insights for interpreting the mechanisms of spontaneous mutation. In this study, spontaneous mutation frequencies and spectra of the lacI transgene are compared in the liver of C57BL/6, B6C3F1, and BC-1 mice an...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.1021
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genotoxic effects of therapeutic ultrasound are poorly documented, when compared with the wide use of this physical agent. The aim of this work was to investigate the clastogenic and aneugenic potential of 1 MHz ultrasound, employing intensities (200 and 300 mW/cm2 ) above the cavitational threshold, but in the range ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22124
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to emissions from laser printers during the printing process is commonplace worldwide, both in the home and workplace environment. In the present study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the emission from five low to medium-throughput laser printers were investigated with respect to the release of ozone (O(3...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20695
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extractable organic material (EOM) from atmospheric total suspended particles (TSP) contains several organic compounds including non-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkyl-PAHs, and nitro-PAHs. These chemicals seem to be among the key drivers of TSP genotoxicity. We have shown previously that t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22377
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00