Abstract:
:To protect human and ecosystem health, it is necessary to develop sensitive assays and to identify responsive cells and species (and their life stages). In this study, the relative genotoxicity of two inorganic arsenicals: trivalent sodium arsenite (As(3+)) and pentavalent sodium arsenate (As(5+)), was evaluated in two cell lines of phylogenetically different origin, using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (i.e., the Comet assay) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay. The cell lines were the rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2) and Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) lines. Following optimization and validation of both assays using reference chemicals (i.e., 1-100 microM hydrogen peroxide for the Comet assay and 1-10 mM ethylmethane sulfonate for the MN assay), cells were exposed to 1-10 microM of both arsenicals to determine the relative extent of genetic damage. The unexposed controls showed similar (background) levels of damage in both cell lines and for both assays. Treatment with the arsenicals induced concentration-dependent increases in genetic damage in the two cell lines. Arsenite was more potent than arsenate in inducing DNA strand breaks in the Comet assay; at the highest concentration (10 microM) arsenite produced similar levels of DNA damage in CHO-K1 and RTG-2 cells, while 10 microM arsenate was significantly more genotoxic in RTG-2 cells. MN induction was consistently higher in RTG-2 cells than in CHO-K1 cells, with 10 microM arsenite inducing an approximate 10-fold increase in both cell lines. MN induction also was positively correlated with DNA strand breaks for both arsenicals. Overall, the study demonstrated that the fish cells are more sensitive than the mammalian cells at environmentally realistic concentrations of both arsenicals, with arsenite being more toxic.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Raisuddin S,Jha ANdoi
10.1002/em.20027subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
83-9issue
1eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Risk estimates for radiation-induced cancer in humans are based on epidemiological data largely drawn from the Japanese atomic bomb survivor studies, which received an acute high dose rate (HDR) ionising radiation. Limited knowledge exists about the effects of chronic low dose rate (LDR) exposure, particularly with re...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22121
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aldehydes are widespread environmental and industrial compounds, able to stimulate a range of adverse health effects (e.g., general toxicity, allergenic reactions, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity). We have previously presented quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the genotoxicity of simple and a...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20158
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl radical scavengers thiourea, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide significantly reduced the killing of Escherichia coli elicited by low concentrations of H2O2 (resulting in mode 1 killing) when treatments with the oxidant and the scavengers were performed in a complete growth medium (K medium) but not in M9 sa...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850180105
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is scientific and regulatory interest in using mutation assays in transgenic mice in safety assessments for new chemicals and drugs. Currently these assays are in the process of being validated, and protocols for routine testing are being defined. Some of the issues and results to date with regard to assay valid...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850250309
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unpublished results from our laboratory showed that colchicine increased the incidence of hyperploid mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes when injected at the same time as human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the time of administering colchicine influenced the in...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850100208
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotoxic responses of mixtures of four chlorohydroxyfuranones (CHFs), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MCA), 3-chloro- 4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (CMCF) and 3-chloro-4-methyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MCF), were compared with the geno...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20017
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micronuclei were assessed among the bone marrow PCEs of mice 28 hr after exposures to 1 to 8 Gy of X-rays and at 6-hr intervals from 12-60 hr after exposures to 2 or 6 Gy. At 28 hr, the frequency of micronuclei declined as the exposure level increased from 1 to 8 Gy. The peak proportion of micronucleated PCEs appeared...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850230209
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction and nature of mutations in the lacI transgene were evaluated in multiple tissues after exposure of adult male B6C3F1 lacI transgenic mice to cyclophosphamide (CP). Mice were given a single i.p. injection of 25 mg CP/kg, 100 mg CP/kg, or vehicle (PBS) and then necropsied 6 weeks after treatment to allow D...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome aberrations can occur by secondary mechanism(s) associated with cytotoxicity, induced by chemicals that do not attack DNA. Aberrations are formed from DNA double-strand breaks, and DSBs are known to be induced by nonmutagenic (Ames test negative) noncarcinogens at toxic levels [Storer et al. (1996): Mutat R...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under the exposome paradigm all nongenetic factors contributing to disease are considered to be 'environmental' including chemicals, drugs, infectious agents, and psychosocial stress. We can consider these collectively as environmental stressors. Exposomics is the comprehensive analysis of exposure to all environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21985
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on human trisomic conceptuses suggest that the extra chromosome commonly has a maternal origin, and the amount and position of crossing-over on nondisjoined chromosomes is commonly altered. These observations may provide important clues to the etiology of human germ cell aneuploidy, especially in regard to evalua...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:3<192::AID-EM5>3.0
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the mutation process and how it impacts target populations has deepened steadily during the hundred years since 1919. Recent advances in engineering genetically determined social traits points towards the logical culmination of this knowledge. ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850230605
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term "the DNA damage response" (DDR) encompasses a sophisticated array of cellular initiatives set in motion as cells are exposed to DNA-damaging events. It has been known for over half a century that all organisms have the ability to restore genomic integrity through DNA repair. More recent discoveries of signal ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20597
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major airborne pollutant of urban areas. It contains various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrated PAHs. In this study, gpt delta mice were treated with inhalation of 1 or 3 mg m(-3) DE, or a single intratracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or DEP extract. In t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20335
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of indoor air pollution. Extractable-respirable particulate (ERP) from the ETS-contaminated indoor air (ERP-ETS) was collected from six passenger train cars and one control room. The mutagenicity of ERP-ETS was tested in the Ames/Salmonella test in the presence of ma...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1999)33:3<185::aid-em2>3.0
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomes of all living organisms are constantly threatened by endogenous and exogenous agents that challenge the chemical integrity of DNA. Most bacteria have evolved a coordinated response to DNA damage. In Escherichia coli, this inducible system is termed the SOS response. The SOS global regulatory network consists o...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.22267
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenoxyherbicide and peroxisome proliferator 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) was tested for its ability to induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in chick embryos. Erbitox E30 (a commercial formulation containing 28% MCPA sodium potassium salt as active ingredient) was injected into the air chamber in ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850190411
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aristolochic acid (AA) is a potent human nephrotoxin and carcinogen. We previously reported that AA treatment resulted in DNA damage and mutation in the kidney and liver of rats. In this study, we have determined the DNA adducts and mutations induced by AA in rat spleen. Big Blue® transgenic rats were gavaged with 0, ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21696
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced in a completely defined system containing glutathione (GSH), purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and EDTA- and ADP-chelated ferric iron was enhanced by catalytic amounts of cupric ions and by ceruloplasmin (CP). The enhancement depended on GSH concentration,...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)29:1<73::aid-em10>3.0
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational exposure to pesticides in tobacco fields causes genetic damage in farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze tobacco farmers chronically exposed to low doses of pesticides and nicotine (present in the tobacco leaves) in relation to absolute telomere length (aTL), and explore the influence of lifestyle ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21984
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two phenotypic classes of selectable tk-/- mutants have been isolated from the TK6 human lymphoblast cell line; one has a normal growth rate (tkn) relative to the parental cell line; the other has a slow growth rate (tks). Complete karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes were prepared and analyzed from 16 tks mutants (eig...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140304
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate whether blood-based genotoxicity endpoints can provide temporal and dose-response data within the low-dose carcinogenic range that could contribute to carcinogenic mode of action (MoA) assessments, we evaluated the sensitivity of flow cytometry-based micronucleus and Pig-a gene mutation assays at and below...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21846
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene is an important industrial chemical and widespread environmental pollutant known to induce leukemia and other blood disorders. To be carcinogenic, benzene must be metabolized to produce toxic metabolites. To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the metabolic enzyme genes are associated...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21786
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Halogenated acetonitriles (HANs) are known to be water disinfectant by-products. Their mutagenicity and carcinogenicity have been shown in different test systems in vivo and in vitro. They also have clastogenic properties. In this study, the ability of HAN to induce single-strand breaks on the DNA of HeLa S3 cells was...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-2280(2000)36:1<52::aid-em8>3.0.co;2-9
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA mutations play a crucial role in the origins of cancer, and the clonal expansion of mutant cells is one of the fundamental steps in multistage carcinogenesis. In this study, we correlated tumor incidence in B6C3F1 mice during the period after exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) with the persistence of ENU-indu...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22132
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the assumption that compounds having similar toxic modes of action induce specific gene expression changes, the toxicity of unknown compounds can be predicted after comparison of their molecular fingerprints with those obtained with compounds of known toxicity. These predictive models will therefore rely on t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20304
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::311 chemicals were tested under code, for mutagenicity, in Salmonella typhimurium; 35 of the chemicals were tested more than once in the same or different laboratories. The tests were conducted using a preincubation protocol in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation, and in the presence of liver S-9 from Aroclo...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850190603
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrous acid (NA) is often presumed to cause base substitutions in organisms with double-stranded DNA as a direct consequence of oxidative deamination of adenine and of cytosine residues. Here we summarize evidence indicating that other mechanisms are involved in the case of NA-induced G/C-->A/T transition mutations. ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850240305
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respirable crystalline silica has been classified as a human lung carcinogen. Ultrafine (diameter < 100 nm) silica particles may be important in carcinogenesis, although the mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, WIL2-NS cells were incubated for 6, 24, and 48 hr with 0, 30, 60, and 120 microg/ml ultrafine cr...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20287
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that is used for reducing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus I. Combinations of AZT and 3'-thiacytidine (3TC) are even more effective than AZT alone. AZT, however, is a mutagen and carcinogen in rodent models and 3TC ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20280
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00