Abstract:
:The data from population-based, randomized trials of the mammographic screening of women aged 40 to 49 years are limited by retrospective subgroup analysis, low statistical power, and the use of older mammographic techniques. Nonetheless, meta-analysis involving the most recently reported data from all similarly designed trials shows a 21% mortality reduction in women who have had mammographic screening compared with those in control groups, a statistically significant difference (upper bound of 95% Cl, 0.98). Evidence from modern mammography demonstration projects (which are limited by a lack of control groups and the unavailability of mortality results) also shows that the tumor size, axillary lymph node status, and stage of screening-detected breast cancers in women aged 40 to 49 years indicate that screening is at least as beneficial for these women as it is for those aged 50 to 64 years, for whom mammographic screening is widely accepted. Overall, the evidence suggests that screening will benefit women aged 40 to 49 years, but some argue that the level of proof provided is not rigorous enough to establish the efficacy of screening. In the United States, more than 10,000 deaths per year occur among women who develop breast cancer between the ages of 40 and 49. Thousands of lives are probably lost each year because women are not being screened. We believe that it is much more prudent to endorse mammographic screening now, risking the unlikely subsequent determination that the effort was ineffective, than to withhold screening until it is determined whether "proof" of efficacy will be obtained, risking the loss of so many lives. We urge primary care practitioners to recommend routine mammography for women aged 40 to 49 years.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Sickles EA,Kopans DBdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-04-01 00:00:00pages
534-8issue
7eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704journal_volume
122pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:SOURCE CITATION:Baldetti L, Melillo F, Moroni F, et al. Meta-analysis comparing P2Y12 inhibitors in acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2020;125;1815-22. 32305225. ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7326/ACPJ202009150-027
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral economics provides insights about the development of effective incentives for physicians to deliver high-value care. It suggests that the structure and delivery of incentives can shape behavior, as can thoughtful design of the decision-making environment. This article discusses several principles of behavio...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M15-1330
更新日期:2016-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The appropriate duration of therapy for catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is controversial. Conventional practice dictates that all patients receive prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics. Some clinicians recommend abbreviated therapeutic courses, but an alternate approach involves p...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00004
更新日期:1999-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Physical activity has been related to enhanced bone mass and improved physical functioning and thus may reduce the risk for osteoporotic fracture. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether higher levels of physical activity are related to lower incidence of hip, wrist, and vertebral fractures. DESIGN:Prospective coho...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00002
更新日期:1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Timely diagnosis of influenza can help clinical management. PURPOSE:To examine the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) in adults and children with influenza-like illness and evaluate factors associated with higher accuracy. DATA SOURCES:PubMed and EMBASE through December 2011; BIOSIS and W...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00403
更新日期:2012-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroblastoma, the second commonest solid tumor in children, is a neoplasm of the peripheral autonomic nervous system that usually occurs before children are 6 years old. Therapy of localized tumor (clinical stage I and II) and of a special form of metastatic tumor (clinical stage IV-S) is usually successful, but trea...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-873
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a statistical association exists between "low-count" bacteriuria (> 10(2) to 10(4) colony-forming units/mL) and acute urinary symptoms in young women. DESIGN:Prospective, case-control study. SETTING:Gynecology clinic at a student health center. PATIENTS:Women with or without urinary or...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00002
更新日期:1993-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Soon, half of all physicians may be married to other physicians (that is, in dual-doctor families). Little is known about how marriage to another physician affects physicians themselves. OBJECTIVE:To learn how physicians in dual-doctor families differ from other physicians in their professional and family l...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-4-199902160-00017
更新日期:1999-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden cardiac death remains a leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than 350,000 deaths each year, and the survival rate of victims remains low. Most survivors face a significant risk for recurrence. The typical substrate is chronic--abnormal myocardium with fibrosis (often from previous my...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-6-499
更新日期:1991-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous adenosine in terminating acute episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. DESIGN:Two prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials to evaluate dose response in patients receiving adenosine and to compare the effects of adenosine wi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-2-104
更新日期:1990-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Subjects (109) with symptomatic Paget's disease of bone were treated with 5, 10, or 20 mg of sodium etidronate (EHDP)/kg body weight - day for 6 to 24 months. Significant decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline were noted after 6 months of therapy; no significant further improvement resulted...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-656
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three patients with advanced Graves' ophthalmopathy were treated with cyclophosphamide. All had proptosis and diplopia. One patient had disabling iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome from steroid treatment of the ophthalmopathy and had undergone bilateral orbital decompression before cyclophosphamide therapy; steroids could ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-6-921
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated 10 patients with hidradenitis suppurative or acne conglobata who developed arthritis. In contrast to patients with acne fulminans and arthritis, all our subjects were adults over 22 years of age; nine were black; and four were women. Nine patients had episodic inflammatory oligoarthritis affecting mainly ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-4-520
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine, through structured methodologic review of published articles, the effectiveness of short-course (< or = 2 weeks) antibiotic therapy for catheter-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. DATA SOURCES:English-language publications on catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia identified using MEDLINE...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00010
更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::We diagnosed Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in a father and three offspring. Clinical and subclinical autoimmune disorders occurred excessively in the family. The HLA haplotype A2, B8, DRw3 was detected in all patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and all but one family member with autoimmune manifestations. ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-93-6-830
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Menopausal hormone therapy to prevent chronic conditions is currently not recommended because of its adverse effects. PURPOSE:To update evidence about the effectiveness of hormone therapy in reducing risk for chronic conditions and adverse effects, and to examine whether outcomes vary among women in differe...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00466
更新日期:2012-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Introduction of a universal varicella vaccine program for U.S. children in 1996 sparked concern that less-frequent exposure to varicella would decrease external boosting of immunity to varicella zoster virus and thereby increase incidence of herpes zoster (HZ). OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the varicella v...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00006
更新日期:2013-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Ensuring patient safety is essential for better health care, but preoccupation with niches of medicine, such as patient safety, can inadvertently compromise outcomes if it distracts from other problems that pose a greater threat to health. The greatest benefit for the population comes from a comprehensive view of popu...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-1-200401060-00009
更新日期:2004-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::In five patients with hypertension and marked impairment of renal function due to renal artery stenosis in a solitary functioning kidney, a nonsurgical technique, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, was used to dilate the stenotic renal artery. Blood pressure improved in all five patients, and renal function improv...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-91-5-684
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The classification of acute leukemia has almost invariably been based on the morphologic diagnosis into two broad categories: acute lymphocytic and acute myeloid leukemia. Despite the wide range of morphologic variation in both groups, strict criteria to define the subgroups have only recently been proposed. The conve...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-740
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computerized axial tomography permits accurate cross-sectional radiographic visualization of visceral organs. Thus, "radiographic area" of an organ slice can be calculated and converted to actual area from a standard grid printed on the roentgenogram. Because the width between slices is known, the volume of an organ s...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-185
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nearly 25% of patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) are readmitted within 30 days. PURPOSE:To assess the efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and harms of transitional care interventions to reduce readmission and mortality rates for adults hospitalized with HF. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE, Cochrane Librar...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.7326/M14-0083
更新日期:2014-06-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indinavir, a protease inhibitor widely used to treat patients with HIV infection, has been associated with nephrolithiasis. Distinctive urinary crystals and a spectrum of urologic disorders were noted in patients receiving indinavir. OBJECTIVE:To determine the composition of urinary crystals and the frequen...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00004
更新日期:1997-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::For over 200 years digitalis compounds have been used to treat atrial fibrillation. The rapid ventricular response to atrial fibrillation is frequently treated with digoxin to produce a controlled heart rate. Digoxin has also been proposed as a treatment for terminating recent-onset atrial fibrillation, for maintainin...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-7-573
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive methods for detecting aortic insufficiency, we compared the accuracy of auscultation, echocardiography, and pulsed Doppler echocardiography in detecting aortic insufficiency in 106 patients in whom the presence or absence of the lesion was shown by s...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-5-599
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To appraise the measurement properties of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification of stable angina pectoris. DATA SOURCES:Relevant articles were identified through a MEDLINE search (1976 to November 1991). Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION:Studies chos...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-8-677
更新日期:1992-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment selection markers, sometimes called predictive markers, are factors that help clinicians select therapies that maximize good outcomes and minimize adverse outcomes for patients. Existing statistical methods for evaluating a treatment selection marker include assessing its prognostic value, evaluating treatme...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-00006
更新日期:2011-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Our review focuses on low density lipoprotein (LD lipoprotein) and very low density lipoprotein (VLD lipoprotein) in their roles as transporters of cholesterol and triglyceride and as factors contributing to premature arteriovascular disease. We describe the clinical manifestations of the common, primary hyperlipoprot...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-497
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four hemodialysis patients receiving deferoxamine for metal overload had fatal rhinocerebral rhizopus infections. Serious fungal infections are not commonly seen in patients on dialysis, and none of these patients had the usual risk factors for rhizopus infection. Deferoxamine is being used with increased frequency in...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-678
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the sensitivity of herpes simplex virus isolates to acyclovir and the importance of resistant isolates in hospitalized patients. DESIGN:Retrospective incidence cohort study. SETTING:All herpes simplex virus isolates cultured over 1 year from patients followed at a tertiary care center. P...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-112-6-416
更新日期:1990-03-15 00:00:00