Abstract:
:Treatment selection markers, sometimes called predictive markers, are factors that help clinicians select therapies that maximize good outcomes and minimize adverse outcomes for patients. Existing statistical methods for evaluating a treatment selection marker include assessing its prognostic value, evaluating treatment effects in patients with a restricted range of marker values, and testing for a statistical interaction between marker value and treatment. These methods are inadequate, because they give misleading measures of performance that do not answer key clinical questions about how the marker might help patients choose treatment, how treatment decisions should be made on the basis of a continuous marker measurement, what effect using the marker to select treatment would have on the population, or what proportion of patients would have treatment changes on the basis of marker measurement. Marker-by-treatment predictiveness curves are proposed as a more useful aid to answering these clinically relevant questions, because they illustrate treatment effects as a function of marker value, outcomes when using or not using the marker to select treatment, and the proportion of patients for whom treatment recommendations change after marker measurement. Randomized therapeutic clinical trials, in which entry criteria and treatment regimens are not restricted by the marker, are also proposed as the basis for constructing the curves and evaluating and comparing markers.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Janes H,Pepe MS,Bossuyt PM,Barlow WEdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-00006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-15 00:00:00pages
253-9issue
4eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704pii
154/4/253journal_volume
154pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Approximately 3000 people in Bennington, Vermont, 19% of the population, had a diarrheal illness during the first and second weeks of June 1978. Persons affected reported abdominal cramps (86%), diarrhea (82%), malaise (73%), and headache (47%). The mean duration of illness was 4.6 days. The illness was associated wit...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-96-3-292
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::For years patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis have been placed in two categories of isolation--enteric precautions and blood precautions. This strategy was based on the inability to differentiate between hepatitis A and B and on the assumption that feces and blood from patients with either type might be infecti...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-91-6-872
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sleep-related accidents often involve healthy young persons who are driving at night. Coffee and napping restore alertness, but no study has compared their effects on real nighttime driving performances. OBJECTIVE:To test the effects of 125 mL of coffee (half a cup) containing 200 mg of caffeine, placebo (d...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-11-200606060-00004
更新日期:2006-06-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is present in arteries in giant cell arteritis. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agent, in giant cell arteritis. DESIGN:Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING:22 sites in the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy, ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00004
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Care of persons with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the United Kingdom resembles that in the United States. However, health care practice in Europe is being influenced by the Saint Vincent Declaration, the joint European World Health Organization-International Diabetes Federation initiative, which ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_part_2-199601011-00015
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little evidence exists to support the theory that small-bore nasogastric tubes prevent gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients can be reduced by the use of a small-bore nasogastric tub...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00007
更新日期:1999-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To define the clinical and hematologic effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on patients with chronic severe neutropenia. DESIGN:Open-label, phase II study of rhGM-CSF. SETTING:Inpatient hematology and surgery clinic at a university medical center. P...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-111-11-887
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extended-duration low-molecular-weight heparin has been shown to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-risk surgical patients. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended-duration enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients. DESIGN:Randomized, parallel, placebo-contro...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-1-201007060-00004
更新日期:2010-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether low bone density and other risk factors for osteoporosis are associated with stress fractures in athletes. DESIGN:Case-control study. SETTING:Institutional sports injury clinic with primary and secondary care. PARTICIPANTS:Twenty-five athletes (nineteen women) with scintigraphically co...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-754
更新日期:1990-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine studies of normal colon and colorectal cancer for evidence that the location of the primary tumor proximal or distal to the splenic flexure of the colon may determine distinct genetic categories of this disease. DATA IDENTIFICATION:Studies were identified through a manual search of journals, through...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-779
更新日期:1990-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause viral antigenemia, detected primarily as p24 viral core protein. Among 16 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex studied serially, 12 had or developed antigenemia ranging from 16 to 3006 pg/mL in plasma. The level ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-175
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Delirium is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with worse outcomes. Antipsychotics are commonly used; however, the associated benefits and harms are unclear. Purpose:To conduct a systematic review evaluating the benefits and harms of antipsychotics to treat delirium in adults. Data Sources:P...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/M19-1860
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporin A in patients with severe, treatment-refractory rheumatoid arthritis. DESIGN:Prospective randomized, double-blind 6-month trial. PATIENTS:Thirty-one patients who had classic seropositive rheumatoid arthritis with active synovitis unresponsive to conve...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-11-863
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in blood levels of thyroid hormones have been reported when patients taking synthetic L-thyroxine were shifted from one manufactured form of the hormone to another. Because recent formulation changes have rendered these earlier data obsolete, we did a crossover study to determine differences in bioavailabi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-770
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid growth in the use and complexity of Holter monitoring technologies has resulted in the diverse recorders and analysis devices that are compared in this review. Holter recording modes include continuous recording, which makes all electrocardiographic (ECG) data available for analysis; patient-activated recording,...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-73
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A discrete evoking factor or presumed pathophysiologic mechanism is not recognized in the majority of patients with chronic urticaria or angioedema. Two cases are reported in which chronic urticaria was the main manifestation of an immune cutaneous vasculitis associated with hypocomplementemia attributable to classic ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-534
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population screening for hemochromatosis done by using the transferrin saturation test has been advocated by experts to permit the initiation of therapeutic phlebotomy before the onset of clinical disease. The discovery of a gene associated with hemochromatosis has made DNA testing another option for screening and dia...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-11_part_2-199812011-00008
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A controlled clinical trial compared three-drug and four-drug combination chemotherapy in 109 patients with advanced small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The combination of vincristine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was significantly superior to the com...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-89-2-177
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indinavir, a protease inhibitor widely used to treat patients with HIV infection, has been associated with nephrolithiasis. Distinctive urinary crystals and a spectrum of urologic disorders were noted in patients receiving indinavir. OBJECTIVE:To determine the composition of urinary crystals and the frequen...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00004
更新日期:1997-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We studied D-penicillamine toxicity in 259 patients with systemic sclerosis treated since 1972. The average daily dose of 635 mg was given for a mean of 1.8 years. Of patients with systemic sclerosis, 47% has side effects from D-penicillamine treatment, similar to the 56% of 807 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in s...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-5-699
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is avoided in most patients with implanted cardiac devices because of safety concerns. OBJECTIVE:To define the safety of a protocol for MRI at the commonly used magnetic strength of 1.5 T in patients with implanted cardiac devices. DESIGN:Prospective nonrandomized trial. (C...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-7-201110040-00004
更新日期:2011-10-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. PURPOSE:To update a systematic review about the benefits of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 40 years or older and to evaluate effect modification in subpopulations. DATA SOURCES:MEDLI...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/M15-2113
更新日期:2016-06-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many constituents of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for coronary heart disease, but data on the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk for coronary heart disease are sparse. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with risk for coronary hear...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00010
更新日期:2001-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::A severe shortage of organs greatly limits the ability to deliver the miracle of transplantation to people suffering from end-stage organ disease. Contributing to this shortage is a high rate of refusal among families who are asked for permission to remove organs from a recently deceased relative. Mandated choice offe...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00010
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Persons with abdominal aortic aneurysm are more likely to have a higher prevalence of risk factors for and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease. It is unknown whether these factors explain the high mortality rate associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. OBJECTIVE:To describe the risk for mort...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-3-200102060-00008
更新日期:2001-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperamylasemia, which has been reported in patients with the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia, generally has been thought to result from pancreatitis. To evaluate the mechanisms of hyperamylasemia, we measured amylase, lipase, and isoamylase activity in 17 consecutive patients admitted to the eating diso...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-1-50
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We isolated a high molecular weight antigen of the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium by column chromatography. The antigen was composed of 35% carbohydrate, 2.6% protein, 1.8% phospholipid, and 1% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and was important in the host's antibody response because it inhibited the indirect immunofluore...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-638
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Advice and exercise are widely recommended for subacute low back pain, but the effectiveness of these interventions is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapist-prescribed exercise, advice, or both for subacute low back pain. DESIGN:Factorial randomized, placebo-controlled tria...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00007
更新日期:2007-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::The earthquake that struck Haiti in January 2010 caused an estimated 230,000 deaths and injured approximately 250,000 people. The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps Field Hospital was fully operational on site only 89 hours after the earthquake struck and was capable of providing sophisticated medical care. During th...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-1-201007060-00253
更新日期:2010-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data indicate that the lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) is morphologically similar to animal lentiviruses, such as equine infectious anemia and visna viruses. This finding, together with the cross-reactivity of the core proteins of LAV with those of the equine infectious anemia virus and a similarity in g...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-689
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00