Abstract:
:Patients with head injury must overcome central as well as peripheral metabolic insults. In addition to specific tissue damage to the brain, a cellular biochemical cascade occurs that can negatively affect organ function, cause a systemic response to injury, and may cause secondary tissue injury. The metabolites involved in this cascade are numerous and complex. Cytokines are important cell-to-cell communication mediators during injury. It is speculated that cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin 8 (IL-8), which are found in elevated amounts in both human and basic trials after head injury, play a role in the cellular cascade of injury. Some of the metabolic events produced by small doses of cytokine infusion in animals, as well as humans, include fever, neutrophilia, muscle breakdown, altered amino acid metabolism, depression of serum zinc levels, production of hepatic acute phase reactants, increased endothelial permeability, and expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. These are all known sequelae of severe head injury. Cytokines have also been implicated in organ failure. Infusion of cytokines in basic science trials revealed that organ functions of the gut, liver, and lung are negatively altered by high-dose cytokine infusion. Infusion of certain cytokines has been shown to cause death of brain cells, increase blood-brain barrier permeability, and cause cerebral edema. This suggests that cytokines may also play a role in the sequelae of organ demise. These effects of cytokines have been attenuated in basic trials by blocking the initial signaling system of cytokines or by decreasing serum cytokine activity. We hypothesize that cytokines that are elevated after head injury play a role in the pathology of injury, including altered metabolism and organ demise.
journal_name
J Neurotraumajournal_title
Journal of neurotraumaauthors
Ott L,McClain CJ,Gillespie M,Young Bdoi
10.1089/neu.1994.11.447subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-01 00:00:00pages
447-72issue
5eissn
0897-7151issn
1557-9042journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The present study evaluated the survival and integration of human postmitotic neurons (hNT) following transplantation into the traumatically injured rodent brain. Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 47) were subjected to lateral fluid percussion brain injury of moderate severity (2.4-2.6 atm). Sham animals (n =...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1999.16.403
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological characteristics of spinal cord responses recorded from the spinal epidural space of the cat to transcranial brain stimulation were studied, in comparison with the spinal cord responses to direct stimulation of the motor cortex or cerebellum. The conduction velocity of the initial wave of the response...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1990.7.247
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a critical public health issue with its pathogenesis remaining largely elusive. Finite element (FE) head models are promising tools to bridge the gap between mechanical insult, localized brain response, and resultant injury. In particular, the FE-derived deformation along the direction...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7412
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::We present data correlating the time courses of hydroxyl radical (.OH) production, lipid peroxidation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage following unilateral head injury in the rat. Using a controlled cortical impact device to inflict head injury, we have directly measured brain .OH levels via the salicylate trappi...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1994.11.393
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the prevalence rate of chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTHA) after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) reaches up to 95%, its mechanism is unknown, and little is known about the characteristics of the pain system in this condition. Our aim was to investigate the capabilities of two pain modulatory systems amo...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3359
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential pathophysiological role of circulating microparticles (MPs) has been recognized in various conditions, such as cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a complex pathophysiology that involves coagulopathy and inflammation. We investigated endothelial-, platelet-, and leuko...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3168
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to assess the effect of spinal cord injury on neurobehavioral, electrophysiological, structural, and biochemical changes in normal and diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley male rats (weighing 250-280 g) with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.). Eight weeks after the tre...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.239
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Because of a lack of a standardized and accessible animal model for cardiovascular disease after SCI, few laboratories have conducted pre-clinical trials aimed at reinstating descending cardiovascular control. Here, we ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4518
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is typically followed by various postconcussive symptoms (PCS), including headache, depression, and cognitive deficits. In 15-25% of cases, PCS persists beyond the usual 3-month recovery period, interfering with activities of daily living and responding poorly to pharmacotherapy. We ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3449
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Death of Central Nervous System (CNS) neurons following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex process arising from a combination of factors, many of which are still unknown. It has been found that inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels constitutes an effective strategy for preventing death of CN...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2575
更新日期:2012-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability and impairs health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Psychiatric disorders have been recognized as major components of TBI morbidity, yet few studies have addressed the relationship between these outcomes. Sample size, selection bias, and retrospecti...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2089
更新日期:2012-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is one of the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies with penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI), a PTBI rat model revealed widespread perilesional neurodegeneration, similar to that seen in humans following gunshot wound to the head, which is ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4602
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury can have a range of debilitating effects, permanently impacting a patient's quality of life. Initially thought to be an immune privileged site, the spinal cord is able to mount a timely and well organized inflammatory response to injury. Intricate immune cell interactions are triggered, typically co...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3429
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests that the extent of brain injury and the clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are modulated, to some degree, by genetic variants. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in controlling the water content of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3347
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes neurodegeneration, impairs locomotor function, and impacts the quality of life particularly in those individuals in whom neuropathic pain develops. Whether the time course of neurodegeneration, locomotor impairment, or neuropathic pain varies with sex, however, remains understudied. The...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6931
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::End-to-side neurorrhaphy is widely used in the peripheral nervous system for nerve repair; however, the application of this technique has been limited to somatic nerves. The feasibility of nerve regeneration through end-to-side neurorrhaphy between autonomic and somatic nerves with different characteristics in the per...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2255
更新日期:2012-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Prior studies have shown that neurons within the spinal cord are sensitive to response-outcome relations, a form of instrumental learning. Spinally transected rats that receive shock to one hind leg learn to maintain the leg in a flexed position that minimizes net shock exposure (controllable shock). Prior exposure to...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1795
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a controlled, severe contusion lesion to the lower thoracic spinal cord in adult rats, we found that apoptosis occurred in cells located in both gray and white matter. This suggested that both nonneuronal cells, including astrocytes, oligodendroglia and microglia, as well as neurons, might participate in pro...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.459
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine dysfunction is common after accidental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prevalence of endocrine dysfunction after inflicted traumatic brain injury (iTBI) is not known. The aim of this study was to examine endocrinopathy in children after moderate-to-severe iTBI. Children with previous iTBI (n=14) were evaluated...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.2916
更新日期:2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is an acute characteristic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the duration of PTA is commonly used to estimate the severity of brain injury. In the context of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), PTA is an essential part of the routine clinical assessment. Macroscopic lesions in temporal l...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.2978
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that early treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is neuroprotective in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock (HS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it remains unknown whether this strategy would be beneficial in a more clinical polytrauma model. Yorkshire swine (42-50 kg) were instrum...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3535
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The EPO-TBI multi-national randomized controlled trial found that erythropoietin (EPO), when compared to placebo, did not affect 6-month neurological outcome, but reduced illness severity-adjusted mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), making the cost-effectiveness of EPO in TBI uncertain. The curren...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6229
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of ethanol intoxication on brain injury and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were investigated in a porcine fluid-percussion model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Immature swine, under halothane anesthesia (1%), had a TBI delivered with a fluid-percussion device. The experimental group (n = 10) received ethanol ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1993.10.275
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To compare the effect of levodopa-carbidopa on the visual outcome of patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON), this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 32 patients with ITON within 6 days after trauma. Patients underwent a complete ocular examination, pattern visual evok...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1362
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers studying the impact of treatments designed to facilitate recovery after neural injury face competing demands. On the one hand, because treatment effects often emerge slowly over days, and because researchers seek evidence of stable long-term effects, it is common practice to observe experimental subjects f...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771504772695995
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing clinical and experimental evidence suggests that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with progressive histopathological damage. The aim of the current study was to characterize the time course of motor function, memory performance, and depression-like behavior up to 1 year after experimental TBI, and...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6510
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have shown reduced life expectancy following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with death from unintentional poisoning (UP) being 11 times higher following TBI than in the general population. The characteristics of those who die of unintentional poisoning are compared with the characteristics of tho...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7038
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause physical disability and psychological distress; however, whether SCI is a risk factor for dementia is unclear. This study evaluated the incidence of dementia in patients with SCI. Study participants were recruited from a nationwide cohort during 2004-2007 and categorized into SCI (pa...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4525
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which mechanical impact to brain tissue is transduced to neuronal impairment remains poorly understood. Using an in vitro model of neuronal stretch, we found that mechanical stretch of neurons resulted in a transient plasma membrane permeability increase. Primary cortical neurons, seeded on silicone s...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771503770195885
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) typically experience body weight loss, motor function deficits, and a general decline of physical fitness. Animal models with these characteristics can serve to study the detailed adaptive changes following SCI. In the present study, we report the use of an adult paraplegic mouse...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/0897715041651060
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00