Abstract:
:Color-coded liquid plastic was injected intraparenchymally (not into the blood vessels) into more than 300 hearts of homeotherms--including dog, cat, sheep, beef, horse, mammalian dolphins, chickens, turkeys, etc. The organization of the hearts of all these species appears to be similar. After injection of a heart segment such as the right ventricular free wall, corrosion (digestion) of the heart in strong alkali releases the case of only this free wall, and of the lymphatic vessels which drain this segment. None of the injected plastic enters the left ventricular free wall or the septum. Color-coded injections reveal that injections into only the left ventricular free wall, followed by digestion of the heart releases a cast of only the left ventricular free wall. Injection into the septum produces a cast of only the septum. Injection into all three compartments provides a cast of the apex and midpoint of the heart. The colors and injections remain discrete--they never mix. This is evidence that fibrous supercapsules separate these three compartments. The casts prepared by injection into the middle or inferior parts of the ventricular myocardium show large lacunae at the base. Similar injection experiments show that the base of the heart consists of two discrete suborgans: the inflow tract or cushion (tricuspid and mitral rings, and their papillary muscles), and the outflow tract or infundibulum (muscular bundles inferior to the pulmonary and aortic outlets). Further studies showed that the septum consists of discrete right and left hemiseptae. These data support the hypothesis that the heart consists of three suborgans; the cushion, venter (pump), and infundibulum. Each suborgan consists of four compartmetns: its free right wall, free left wall, and right and left hemiseptae. These entirely separate twelve compartments of the ventricular myocardium are held together by strong fibrous connective tissues. Their function is coordinated by the atrioventricular conduction system. The present studies indicate that earlier studies which have indicated that the heart consists of one or two bandage-like, concentric wrappings may be incorrect. The significance of our findings is dicussed.
journal_name
Acta Cardioljournal_title
Acta cardiologicaauthors
Rodbard Ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-01-01 00:00:00pages
27-56issue
1eissn
0001-5385issn
1784-973Xjournal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is dependent on the risk factor load during life and correlates well with the degree of atherosclerosis, also in other vascular beds. METHODS:We reviewed our database of IMT measurements, from January 2002 to February 2007. We compared the mean IMT value...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.63.3.1020306
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present two cases of Ortner's syndrome, a syndrome with hoarseness caused by unilateral left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy as a complication of cardiovascular diseases. In the first case, aneurysmatic dilatation of the aorta and in the second case a dilated pulmonary trunk was thought to be the cause. ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/ac.65.6.2059871
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Left atrial scarring is recognised as a critical component in the maintenance of atrial fibrillation and is associated with the failure of interventional treatment. Diminished bipolar voltage (LV) has been proposed as a useful tool for left atrial scar quantification. We hypothesised that, due to its anatomi...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00015385.2017.1420438
更新日期:2017-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to determine the zinc status and assess relationship between serum zinc and in vivo cell mediated immunity (CMI) in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The study comprised 22 patients with active rheumatic heart disease (ARHD), 15 patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease without ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the case of a 73-year-old man admitted to our hospital for acute hepatic failure. Antemortem diagnosis of systemic AA amyloidosis was made because of typical electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, in the absence of the classic clinical picture of kidney involvement. ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.65.4.2053906
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) appears to be involved in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the utility of serum LOX-1 levels in the diagnosis and assessment of left ventricular systolic HF and LOX-1’s relationship with serum...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.71.2.3141848
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Results of many studies show that apolipoprotein B (apo B) is a better marker of risk of vascular disease than other lipid markers including LDL and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. We investigated the association between two infectious agents: C. pneumoniae and H. pylori, known to have an atherogenic effec...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.60.6.2004930
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Quality indicators (QIs) are used to measure and evaluate quality of care. However, QIs to evaluate care for HF patients in general practice in Belgium are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which QIs, rooted in the electronic health record (EHR), are useful to monitor quality of care for pa...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00015385.2018.1492659
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study sought to compare characteristics and management of myocardial infarction in men and women, and whether a difference in management would translate into a difference in in-hospital mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS:Data were prospectively collected in 2,519 patients (801 women) admitted in all hospita...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2143/AC.56.3.2005637
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors report nine surgical attempts in ventricular septal rupture following myocardial infarction and compare their experience with data from the literature. Two of the three long-term successes have been obtained by the association of infarcectomy and myocardial revascularisation to the repair of the septal rup...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The levels of adiponectin, an anti-atherogenic protein, are decreased in patients with coronary artery disease. Syndrome X is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which is a key feature in the evolution of atherosclerosis. We sought to determine whether serum adiponectin levels are decreased in patients w...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.65.2.2047056
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 57-year-old woman suffering from severe Prinzmetal's angina was treated with a 7-week course of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP). After completing EECP the angina intensity was reduced from CCS class IV to class I, quality of life was increased and medication was significantly reduced. The number of hospita...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.65.2.2047066
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Our study is designed to evaluate the plasma BNP levels in patients with pure MS and its possible correlation with clinical and echocardiographic parameters of the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS:The study included 29 patients (27 women, 2 men, mean age 43.4 +/- 11.8 y) with pure mitral valve stenosis in sinus ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/ac.67.1.2146566
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart muscle disease characterized pathologically by fibrofatty replacement of right ventricular myocardium. It is further characterized by an electrical instability that precipitates ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. The prevalence is estimated at 0.4% de...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.59.4.2005214
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that the circulating white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts are related to left ventricular (LV) indices in patients with the same risk area for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we examined 100 consecutive AMI patients who had the culprit lesion at segment 6 according to the Ame...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.59.5.2005229
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the clinical significance of recovery systolic blood pressure (SBP) ratio, obtained dividing the recovery SBP at 1st (R1/A) or 3rd min (R3/A) by the peak exercise SBP (before stopping), during upright bicycle exercise in 530 subjects (ranging from 17 to 73 years). Our results may be summarized as follo...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic parameters for a two compartment open model were defined for six patients receiving a wide range of Digoxin doses. It was demonstrated that the two compartment model is a valid one to use for Digoxin pharmacokinetics. This model is an useful concept because it can explain the necessity to vary Digo...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to an increased stroke risk. At present, differentiation between patients with paroxysmal AF (pAF) and without is only possible during AF episodes and not during sinus rhythm. If AF could be diagnosed more quickly and reliably, anticoagulation therapy may be administered...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00015385.2018.1493248
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The left ventricular haemodynamic alterations during right atrial pacing were studied in 12 cases. Cardiac index varied little: during maximal rate however, its mean value was slightly lower than the resting one. Stroke index decreased inversely to the heart rate. The course of these indices did not separate the norma...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most accessory pathways in pre-excitation syndrome are capable of antegrade conduction from atrium to ventricle, and identified by characteristic ECG abnormalities such as a delta wave (ventricular pre-excitation) and a shortened PR interval.Therefore, the traditional diagnosis method is to detect the initial changes ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/ac.68.2.2967285
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Coronary stenoses of intermediate severity create difficulties in decision making when revascularization is concerned. Myocardial fractional flow reserve (mFFR), an accurate tool to identify physiological significance of individual coronary stenoses, may help solve this problem. METHODS AND RESULTS:Fifty-eig...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.57.5.2005449
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. We explored the accuracy of resting echocardiographic and tissue Doppler parameters to predict a positive response by low-dose METHODS AND RESULTS:We enrolled 100 consecutive patients with prior myocardial infarction, and a l...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/ac.67.6.2184672
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent evidence suggests that there are ethnic variations in atrial fibrillation (AF) susceptibility and incidence following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of AF in the setting of AMI in Middle Eastern Arab and South Asian pat...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/ac.68.2.2967275
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of an orally administered, long-acting, beta-adrenergic blocking agent, penbutolol, on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PA) and cortisol (PC) levels in hospital patients with essential hypertension validated by a c...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the practice of cardiac bradycardia pacing in an electrophysiology laboratory and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pacemaker implantation by cardiologists in this setting. METHODS AND RESULTS:We evaluated a consecutive series of the first 500 permanent pacemaker...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital left ventricular diverticulum is rare and usually isolated or associated with midline thoracoabdominal defects and other congenital cardiac malformations. We describe a case with a previously undescribed malformation syndrome including bilateral obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction, agenesis of corpus ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2143/AC.58.3.2005280
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 22-year-old male who had Mustard repair for complete transposition presented with progressive exercise intolerance, documented by a gradual decrease in exercise capacity on cycle ergometer. Cardiac catheterization and angiography demonstrated subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. After surgical relief of the obstruction, ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical experience with repeated tilt testing and standing training has shown that this procedure can be used as a new therapy for the restoration of abnormal autonomic orthostatic reflexes. The introduction of tilt training therapy for neurally mediated syncope is a new and effective treatment. This new therapy has ...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2143/AC.61.2.2014332
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a review of the effects of E on the symptoms of CHF which affect patients' (pts) quality of life and the signs associated with pts' prognosis. The review is based on clinical studies which were included in the New Drug Application for Vasotec (enalapril maleate, MSD) in the United States. There were 3 open-lab...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1970 and August 1974, eleven postinfarction patients underwent left ventricular aneurysmectomy for refractory tachyarrhythmias. Ten suffered from ventricular tachycardias and one from supraventricular tachycardia. All had localized aneurysms and normal contractions of the surrounding myocardium on angi...
journal_title:Acta cardiologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00