Abstract：
:Changes in the activity and amount of the neurotransmitter synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were measured in dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the A10-mesolimbic system of the rat following electrolytic lesions of their axons. Unilateral hypothalamic lesions in close proximity to the cell bodies resulted, within 24--48 h, in a permanent anterograde reduction of TH to 10--20% of control in the ipsilateral olfactory tubercle and nucleus accumbens. The retrograde reaction in the A10-DA nerve cell bodies was characterized by an initial increase in TH activity to 133% by 24--48 h followed by a gradual and permanent fall to 50% of control by day 14 due to retrograde cell death of DA neurons. In contrast, lesions of DA axon terminals in the olfactory tubercle resulted in a reversible retrograde reduction of TH activity of the A10. The enzyme activity declined during the first 7 days to 70% of control and then gradually recovered, reaching control levels by 28 days after the operation. The reduction in TH activity in the A10 was demonstrated by immunochemical titration with a specific antibody to TH to be entirely due to reduced amounts of enzyme protein. We conclude that in mesolimbic DA neurons; (a) the anterograde reaction is characterized by a rapid and permanent decline of TH in degenerating terminals; (b) the retrograde reaction is dependent upon the proximity of the lesion to the nerve cell body, and (c) a reversible reduced accumulation of TH characterizes the retrograde reaction in response to lesions of distal axons. The reaction of DA neurons of the mesolimbic system to axonal injury is comparable to that of the nigrostriatal system.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Gilad G,Reis DJdoi
10.1016/0006-8993(78)90594-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-06-23 00:00:00pages
141-53issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
0006-8993(78)90594-2journal_volume
149pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:Myelin, the lipid-rich sheath that insulates axons to facilitate rapid conduction of action potentials, is an evolutionary innovation of the jawed-vertebrate lineage. Research efforts aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms governing myelination have primarily focused on rodent models; however, with the advent...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.011
更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:alpha-Tocopherol (alpha-TC) is considered an important endogenous brain antioxidant. The utility of brain alpha-TC levels as an index of in vivo lipid peroxidation has recently been suggested. Therefore, we explored the significance of alpha-TC levels in brains to ischemic insults associated with global or focal cereb...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)91215-e
更新日期：1993-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we compared cardiovascular responses to ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium or vasopressin antagonism with dPVAVP in sham-operated or PVN lesioned SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(91)90040-3
更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An increasing number of studies suggest that learning to read changes the way the brain processes spoken language. Yet, there is still a hot debate about the locus of these literacy effects. While most psycholinguists would argue that these effects are late and postlexical, interactive theories of word recognition sug...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.084
更新日期：2008-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:7-Chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl KYNA) has been reported to attenuate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor functioning by a potent and selective inhibitory action mediated at the strychnine-insensitive glycine recognition site of the NMDA complex. Here we report that 7-Cl KYNA dose-dependently inhibits [3H]MK-801 binding ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)91378-4
更新日期：1989-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there are indications of growth in the size and myelination of the rat corpus callosum during adulthood, it is not known how long this growth continues. In addition, the potential for age-related changes in these measures to affect the sex differences seen in adulthood has not been examined. Here the size of ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.043
更新日期：2007-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Horizontal eye movements, elicited by sinusoidal rotation in darkness, were recorded with a magnetic search coil technique in pigmented rats, hemilabyrinthectomised 8-12 weeks before the investigation. Separate gains during rotation towards the lesioned side (LS) and the intact side (IS) were calculated by a computer ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00329-1
更新日期：1998-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Abdominal musculature participates in generating a large number of behaviors and protective reflexes, although each abdominal muscle is frequently activated differentially during particular motor responses. For example, rectus abdominis has been reported to play less of a role in respiration than other abdominal muscl...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02597-5
更新日期：2001-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated a higher mean peak frequency of the hippocampal (HPC) theta rhythm during REM sleep in alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats when compared with alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Burst firing neurons of the medial septal area (MS/VDB) are thought to pace the HPC theta rhythm during REM sleep and...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)01520-5
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent pharmacological and morphological studies have raised the likelihood of a regulatory link between the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and beta-endorphin (beta-END) networks in the hypothalamus. To evaluate this link we have examined the effects of NPY administration on the in vivo release of beta-END by push-pull perfusio...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)01284-2
更新日期：1995-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:This study focuses on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the cerebellar cortex and changes within this system after mechanically induced cerebellar injury. Using radioactive and non-radioactive in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry angiotensinogen mRNA, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II and, for the first tim...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(94)90520-7
更新日期：1994-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was employed to localize brainstem neuronal populations functionally related to the expiration reflex (ER). Twelve spontaneously breathing, non-decerebrate, pentobarbital anesthetized cats were used. The level of Fos-like immunoreactivity (...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.064
更新日期：2007-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Noradrenergic and dopaminergic regulation of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. TSH secretion displayed a circadian variation with peak serum TSH levels at 10.00 h. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine (250 micrograms/kg, i.p.), was found to cause an enhancement of serum TSH...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(87)91378-3
更新日期：1987-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been hypothesized on the basis of animal models of epilepsy that abnormal neural activity in epilepsy may be related to reorganized neural circuits that facilitate epileptogenesis. Little evidence of this was available for human epilepsy. This paper provides the first evidence of such reorganization of a hippoc...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)90234-5
更新日期：1989-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of midazolam, one of the most popular benzodiazepines, on synaptic transmissions were compared with intracellular recordings between CA1 pyramidal cells (CA1-PCs) and dentate gyrus granule cells (DG-GCs) in rat hippocampal slices. First, we studied the effects of midazolam on orthodromically evoked spikes,...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00920-7
更新日期：1997-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglial cyclo-oxygenase (COX) expression is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, therefore, constitutes a key target for therapeutic intervention. We investigated the influence of AD plaque associated factors on COX-1 and COX-2 expression and activity in adult human microg...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03164-5
更新日期：2002-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activities are adaptable to changes of peripheral blood glucose level in vivo. GSK-3 phosphorylates microtube-associated protein tau at multiple sites, which can be antagonized by protein phosphatase-2A (PP-2A). The imbalance among these enzymes might...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.084
更新日期：2011-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Proliferative response of astrocytes to unilateral injury of the cerebral hemisphere was investigated in 30-day-old rats using a combination of [3H]thymidine autoradiography and immunocytochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein. At different intervals following injury the animals were injected with [3H]t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)90566-0
更新日期：1989-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal care is crucial for offspring development and licking/grooming patterns can be induced by sensorial, neuroendocrine, and metabolic variations in the CNS. Important brain functions, such as learning and memory, can be influenced by oxidative stress, which can also modulate pathophysiological processes (e.g., d...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.010
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of membrane-associated peptidases from the brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats to metabolize iodinated angiotensin (125I-Ang II) and 125I-Ang III was compared. 125I-Ang II was metabolized to 125I-Ang III and other fragments exclusively by membrane-assoc...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(90)90844-2
更新日期：1990-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Manipulations of either discrete emotions (e.g. happiness) or affective dimensions (e.g. positivity) have a long tradition in emotion research, but interactive effects have never been studied, based on the assumption that the two underlying theories are incompatible. Recent theorizing suggests, however, that the human...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.045
更新日期：2014-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Apart from the essential role of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, this compound and its analogs are involved in regulating the functions of the central nervous and immune systems. Active forms of vitamin D3 have been reported to stimulate neurotrophin gene expression and to prevent n...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.034
更新日期：2005-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of the inhibitory transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on depolarizations elicited by the excitatory amino acid N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) was tested in neurons of organotypic neocortical tissue cultures (newborn rat) and in CA3 neurons of the hippocampal slice (guinea pig). Drugs were applied thr...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(90)90737-v
更新日期：1990-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of substrate availability in the regulation of the release and synthesis of serotonin by brain slices. Electrical field depolarization of the brain slices stimulated the synthesis and release of serotonin in the absence of changes in intracellular tryptophan con...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(79)90580-8
更新日期：1979-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:A large body of evidence shows that methamphetamine (METH) causes sustained damage to the brain in animal models and human METH users. In chronic users there are indications of cognitive and motor deficits. Striatal neuropeptides are in a position to modulate the neurochemical effects of METH and consequently striatal...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.010
更新日期：2013-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The control of hypoglossal motoneurons during sleep is important from a basic science perspective as well as to understand the bases for pharyngeal occlusion which results in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In the present work, we used intracellular recording techniques to determine changes in membrane propertie...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02955-3
更新日期：2000-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinally-projecting A5 neurons were studied with anatomical and electrophysiological techniques in the rat. A detailed study of the number and distribution of spinally-projecting catecholaminergic (CA) and non-catecholaminergic neurons present in a defined area of ventrolateral pontine reticular formation was performe...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(84)90206-3
更新日期：1984-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:To elucidate the anatomical distribution of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system, we identified serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in the hippocampus of rats and monkeys by immunohistochemistry. A widespread and heterogeneous distribution of 5-HTT-immunoreactive fine fibers was noted in the rat brain. However, in monke...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.013
更新日期：2004-06-04 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro quantitative autoradiography of high-affinity [3H]desmethylimipramine (DMI) binding sites was performed on 24 human brains postmortem. Highest densities of binding sites were found in portions of the amygdala, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, the pyramidal layer of CA4. Next, in descending order were ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(88)90353-8
更新日期：1988-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine headache is proposed to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Suitable mechanisms for eliciting increases in brain NO concentration in migraineurs have not yet been identified, although, animal models highlight cortical spreading depression (CSD) as a potential candidate. These studies have focused on CSD-associa...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03191-7
更新日期：2001-02-09 00:00:00
