Abstract:
:A retrospective case-control study was undertaken to determine the best technique to measure neural canal encroachment at each lumbar level following burst fracture and its relationship to the presence of neurologic deficit. Only patients with postinjury CT scans demonstrating a disrupted posterior body with a retropulsed bone fragment were included. Patients were divided into groups based on the level of bony injury (T12-L5) and neurologic status. Neurologic injury was classified as follows: normal (N), root (R), or cauda equina/conus/paraplegic/paraparetic (C/P). The mean transverse spinal area (TSA, cm2), spinal canal percentage patency (PP), and midsagittal diameter (MSD) were determined for each neurologic group and lumbar level. A "calculated" TSA, based on midsagittal and anterior-posterior diameters, was also derived for each patient. The data were compared level by level and correlated with the patient's neurologic status. At L1, the critical TSA was 1.0 cm2. All patients with TSAs less than this were paraplegic. At both T12 and L1, TSAs in the range of 1.0-1.25 cm2 were observed in both normal and neurologically impaired patients. A critically significant TSA was not established for levels T12, L2, L3, L4, or L5; however, the data indicated that a smaller TSA can be tolerated at successively caudal levels without neurologic deficit. No meaningful correlation between root injury and TSA was observed. The data also indicated that measurement of TSA is a more accurate method for evaluating neural canal encroachment than PP or MSD. The "calculated" TSA is a simple, objective method for obtaining this information without the aid of a computer. This study suggests that absolute TSA should be utilized in future studies evaluating decompressive treatment of thoracolumbar pathology.
journal_name
J Neurotraumajournal_title
Journal of neurotraumaauthors
Rasmussen PA,Rabin MH,Mann DC,Perl JR 2nd,Lorenz MA,Vrbos LAdoi
10.1089/neu.1994.11.711subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-12-01 00:00:00pages
711-20issue
6eissn
0897-7151issn
1557-9042journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and neuropsychological assessment were utilized in a longitudinal investigation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. A spectroscopic imaging protocol was implemented, and neurometabolite ratios of NAA/Cre and Cho/Cre were calculated for anterior and posterior hal...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.1427
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is accompanied by the spreading damage of secondary degeneration, resulting in further loss of neurons and function. Partial transection of the optic nerve (ON) has been used as a model of secondary degeneration, in which axons of retinal ganglion cells in the ventr...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1426
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with rehabilitation has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance plasticity and improve recovery in a range of neurological disorders. A recent study highlights the therapeutic promise of VNS in promoting motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). We investigated the safety ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6828
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are promising biomarkers for identifying traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with intracranial trauma on computed tomography (CT). Accuracy in older adults with mild TBI (mTBI), the fastest growing TBI population, is unknown. Our aim was to assess for age-related...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5694
更新日期:2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse axonal injury is recognized as a progressive and long-term consequence of traumatic brain injury. Axonal injury can have sustained negative consequences on neuronal functions such as anterograde and retrograde transport and cellular processes such as autophagy that depend on cytoarchitecture and axon integrity...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4196
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gap junctions are conductive channels formed by membrane proteins termed connexins (Cx), which permit the intercellular exchange of metabolites, ions, and small molecules. Junctional permeability is regulated by pH, membrane potential, and intracellular secondary messengers. The purpose of this study was to elucidate ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1234
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to assess the trajectories of community integration in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) through one, two, and five years post-injury and to examine whether those trajectories could be predicted by demographic and injury characteristics. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3844
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary insults, such as hemorrhagic shock (HS), worsen outcome from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both TBI and HS modulate levels of inflammatory mediators. We evaluated the addition of HS on the inflammatory response to TBI. Adult male C57BL6J mice were randomized into five groups (n=4 [naïve] or 8/group): naïve; ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.2985
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that affects patients on both a personal and societal level. The objective of the study is to improve the prediction of long-term functional outcome following SCI based on the acute clinical findings. A total of 76 patients with acute traumatic SCI were prospectively...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4955
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fluid percussion brain injury is associated with an immediate rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP). However, the cerebral morphologic basis for this response is still not clear. Thirty-four anesthetized rats were injured using a lateral craniotomy preparation. In 19 rats, impact level was set at 1.73 +/- 0.04 atm, and...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1991.8.219
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the shift in demographics of spinal cord injury (SCI) due to an aging population, relatively little has been reported regarding the effect of age on outcomes after SCI. This study examines the potential confounding effect of co-morbidities on the age-related differences in the hospital mortality following acut...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0764
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH) is often the most common injury after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), reported by 47-95% of patients. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) has level A evidence in preventing migraine and tension headaches. However, research on this behavioral therapy for PPTH, let alone sma...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6601
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury can have a range of debilitating effects, permanently impacting a patient's quality of life. Initially thought to be an immune privileged site, the spinal cord is able to mount a timely and well organized inflammatory response to injury. Intricate immune cell interactions are triggered, typically co...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3429
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate new pharmacologic agents with potentially beneficial effects on posttraumatic spinal cord function, we used a modified weight drop (WD) technique to induce spinal cord injuries. These contusive spinal cord injuries in the rat closely mimic the human clinicopathologic situation. Especially for drug screenin...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1996.13.741
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has several different actions in the nervous system. Numerous studies have shown its neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Previously, it has been demonstrated that PACAP reduces brain damage in rat models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. Ba...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.686
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to understand spinal cord injury (SCI) and other complex neurotrauma disorders at the pre-clinical level have shown progress in recent years. However, successful translation of basic research into clinical practice has been slow, partly because of the large, heterogeneous data sets involved. In this sense, tra...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3399
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new experimental model was developed to induce diffuse brain injury (DBI) in rats through pure coronal plane angular acceleration. An impactor was propelled down a guide tube toward the lateral extension of the helmet fixture. Upon impactor-helmet contact, helmet and head were constrained to rotate in the coronal pl...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0268
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of flunarizine and methylprednisolone on the recovery of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) was evaluated in an experimental model of spinal cord impact injury in anesthetized cats. In addition, the effect of flunarizine on posttraumatic spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (using the hydrogen clearance techni...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1993.10.25
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury to the spinal cord not only disrupts the functioning of spinal circuits at the site of the impact, but also limits sensorimotor function caudal to the level of the lesion. Ratings of gross locomotor skill are generally used to quantify locomotor recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this s...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.1632
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain injury after high-level blast has been established both clinically and experimentally. Less is known about the effects on the brain of exposure to low to moderate blast levels, such as those encountered by military personnel during the firing of weapons. This study investigates if exposure to occupational levels...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008-0856
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for the majority of head trauma cases. Despite some lasting cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits, there are frequently no overt morphological defects, suggesting that changes may result from alterations in the physiology of individual neurons. We investigated hippoc...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2192
更新日期:2012-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::The mass media have recently pointed out the likelihood of diagnostic errors in post-coma patients. Late recoveries of consciousness, even after 20 years, might indicate hidden misdiagnoses that are not corrected over a long period of time. The rate of misdiagnoses of patients in a vegetative state is very high when b...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1257
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is impaired by hyperglycemia, hypotension, and glutamate, and improved by insulin. Insulin reduces glutamate concentration, making it uncertain whether its beneficial effect accrues from euglycemia. Glucagon decreases CNS glutamate, lessens neuronal cell injury, and improves neu...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1659
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential pathophysiological role of circulating microparticles (MPs) has been recognized in various conditions, such as cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a complex pathophysiology that involves coagulopathy and inflammation. We investigated endothelial-, platelet-, and leuko...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3168
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A systematic review of the literature was performed to address pertinent clinical questions regarding deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in the setting of acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Deep vein thromboses are a common occurrence following SCI. Administration of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) within 72 h of...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1155-A
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite clinical symptoms, a large majority of people with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) have normal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Therefore, present-day neuroimaging tools are insufficient to diagnose or classify low grades of TBI. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as d...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7151
更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) offers a unique insight into brain cellular metabolism following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the present study was to assess change in neurometabolite markers of brain injury during the recovery period following TBI. We studied 19 TBI patients at 1.5, 3, and...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771500415382
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), and S100B have been shown to be predictive of patients with brain injury. Kinetics of these biomarkers in injured humans have not been extensively examined. This prospective multi-center study included patients with mild-to-mode...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4772
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prognostic models that were developed by the International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury (IMPACT) study group and the Corticosteroid Randomization After Signification Head injury (CRASH) collaborators are the most commonly used prognostic models for outcome after trauma...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4182
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The horizontal ladder task is an established method to assess skilled locomotor recovery after neurological dysfunction. Walking speed is often used as a standardized measure in locomotor assessment of overground walking in human and pre-clinical studies, but the assessment of walking speed is typically ignored during...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6152
更新日期:2019-09-15 00:00:00