Abstract:
:Patients receiving opioids report feeling sleepy, but opioids actually inhibit the rapid eye movement phase of sleep (REM). Inhibition of REM sleep is followed by a rebound increase in REM sleep associated with cardiopulmonary complications. The medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) is a brain region from which morphine can inhibit REM sleep. The present study tested the hypothesis that specific subtypes of opioid receptors within the mPRF mediate inhibition of REM sleep. Synthetic opioid agonists selective for mu, delta and kappa subtypes were microinjected into the mPRF of four awake cats and polygraphic recordings of sleep and breathing were obtained. An enkephalinase inhibitor was microinjected into the mPRF to assess the contribution of endogenous opioids to the control of sleep and breathing. Only the mu agonist significantly inhibited REM sleep, and no opioid depressed breathing. These results demonstrate that opioid-induced REM sleep inhibition is mediated by mu receptor subtypes in the mPRF.
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Cronin A,Keifer JC,Baghdoyan HA,Lydic Rdoi
10.1093/bja/74.2.188subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-02-01 00:00:00pages
188-92issue
2eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)40755-0journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:This study compared the efficacy of topical anaesthesia with levobupivacaine 0.75% vs lidocaine 2% during cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. METHODS:A prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing two agents for topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery. Two hundred and forty-six consecutive pat...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aen369
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, bispectral index (BIS) and the EEG bispectrum in children appears to be age dependent. The aim of this study was to quantify the BIS values at 1 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) for desflurane and halothane, and explore the relationship with a...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/ael034
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Gapmeter Lab Kit series of flowmeters has been calibrated using air. Two of the flowmeters were also calibrated using argon and oxygen as the priming gases. Linear calibration graphs have been obtained for all the Gapmeters. The two low flow Gapmeters are extremely susceptible to back-pressure. ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/49.3.277
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problems of selection of tracheal tubes, and the need for a rationale, are outlined. Tracheal tubes of 7.5 mm and 8.5 mm i.d. are recommended for female and male patients, respectively. Tracheal size was determined using high pressure-low volume cuffs as measuring devices. The average diameter of the cuff at seal ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/58.1.111
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simple methods are described for computing the variables derived from the Siggaard-Andersen nomogram, where the in vitro buffer line is either established by direct measurement or calculated from measurements of pH, Pco2 and haemoglobin. Calculations are performed using the equation of the pH-log Pco2 buffer line, the...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/47.4.500
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The respiratory effects of a new strong analgesic, meptazinol, were compared with a placebo and with equianalgesic doses of morphine and pentazocine in a double-blind crossover trial in seven healthy volunteers. No significant change in the ventilatory response to rebreathing carbon dioxide was observed after meptazin...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/51.6.497
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the sequential response of the autonomic nervous system to pregnancy, we studied heart rate variability in 23 first trimester, 23 second trimester and 21 third trimester pregnant women. Twenty non-pregnant women were recruited as controls. Time and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability in t...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013433
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early postoperative negative behaviour in preschool children after general anaesthesia is a common problem. The distinction between emergence delirium (ED) and pain is difficult, but management differs between the two. The aim of the current analysis was to identify individual observational variables that ca...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aev552
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have compared the efficacy of patient-controlled interscalene analgesia (PCIA) using ropivacaine with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using nicomorphine in 60 patients (n = 30 in each group), in a prospective, randomized study. In both groups, all patients received interscalene block with 0.75% ropivacaine befor...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/81.4.603
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have evaluated the effect of delivering nitric oxide using a continuous flow system (CFS) or two commercially available proportional gas injection systems (PGIS), Nodomo (Dräger, Lübeck, Germany) and Pulmonox-Mini (Messer Griesheim Austria, Gumpoldskirchen, Austria) on measured and simulated concentrations of nitri...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/81.4.544
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accuracy of five new oxygen and nitrous oxide flowmeter units was investigated using the bubble meter method. The results were compared with those previously found in flowmeters withdrawn from clinical use. New oxygen flowmeters demonstrated less inaccuracies than old flowmeters. No differences were found between ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/52.1.97
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothermia during prolonged surgery may be prevented by active and passive warming methods. We have compared randomly two types of occlusive body wraps in groups of 20 patients. One wrap had additional reflective properties which, by reducing radiative in addition to convective and evaporative heat loss, was expected...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/79.6.766
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although rare, spinal haematoma and abscess after central neuraxial blocks may cause severe permanent neurological injury. Optimal treatment and outcome remain unclear. In order to identify possible predisposing patient characteristics and describe the ensuing clinical course, we searched Medline, Embase, and the Coch...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.105
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anaesthetist's work, aimed at giving safe anaesthesia to patients, can do both harm and good to the anaesthetist. Research on stress in anaesthesia has traditionally focused on how the negative effects of stress can be avoided and much effort has been put into improving anaesthetists' work environment to reduce th...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/bja/aeq125
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Arterial cannulation is a common anaesthetic procedure that can be challenging and time-consuming in small children. By visualizing the position of the radial artery, near-infrared vascular imaging systems (NIRVISs) might be of assistance in arterial cannulation. The present study evaluates the effectiveness...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aes193
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Current guidelines suggest a fasting time of 2 h for clear fluids, which is often exceeded in clinical practice, leading to discomfort, dehydration and stressful anaesthesia induction to patients, especially in the paediatric population. Shorter fluid fasting might be a strategy to improve patient comfort ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aeu399
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a random, double-blind crossover trial using an ischaemic limb pain model we have assessed the speed of onset of analgesia after an i.v. bolus of equipotent doses of diamorphine and morphine in 12 healthy male volunteers. Pain and its subsequent relief were assessed by means of a visual analogue scale. Two of the s...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/66.6.656
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case report outlines the clinical process whereby a patient with severe traumatic brain injury became a non-heartbeating organ donor after a withdrawal-of-care decision. This process raises a series of ethical questions regarding decision-making on grounds of futility, the role of the next of kin, informed consen...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aei048
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Propofol and sevoflurane are suitable agents for maintenance of anaesthesia during neurosurgical procedures. We have prospectively compared these agents in combination with the short-acting opioid, remifentanil. METHODS:Fifty unpremedicated patients undergoing elective craniotomy received remifentanil 1 mic...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aei141
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background.:Compromised tissue oxygenation is one of the root causes of dysfunction of various organs and postoperative complications. Oxygenation of different tissue beds may follow different patterns of change during physiological derangement. Methods.:Patients undergoing elective major posterior spine surgery parti...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aex008
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report two patients who developed skin necrosis following an intramuscular injection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug into the anteriolateral area of their thigh. Both patients required further multiple operations and one developed life threatening septicaemia. They were left with disfiguring scars. Skin nec...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/88.1.139
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arterial blood and expired gas samples were taken from 20 patients before operation and on the first day after upper abdominal surgery. After operation the patients were studied breathing air and also breathing 35% oxygen from a venturi-type mask. Preoperative Pao2 with age was exaggerated by operation. Pao2 after ope...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/47.4.491
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extradural catheter was inserted at the third lumbar interspace for relief of pain during labour in a 21-year-old gravid patient. Attempts to withdraw the catheter met with resistance and produced severe pain in the distribution of the second left lumbar nerve. Radiography revealed an acutely angled loop of the cat...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/55.5.473
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early tracheostomy may decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation, sedation exposure, and intensive care stay, possibly resulting in improved clinical outcomes, but the evidence is conflicting. METHODS:Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials in patients allocated to tracheostomy within...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/bja/aeu440
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurological deterioration from intraspinal haematoma following insertion of a spinal needle is extremely rare. We present the case of a 28-yr-old female, who presented with complete paraplegia following attempted spinal anaesthesia for delivery of her third child. Space-occupying iatrogenic spinal haemorrhage from a ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/88.3.438
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fresh gas flow rate necessary to prevent rebreathing in T-piece anaesthesia is well established at twice total ventilation. The minimum reservoir volume to avoid air dilution of anaesthetic gases in the alveolus at this flow rate is, however, undecided. A lung model was constructed to represent spontaneous respira...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/57.8.803
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmaceutical formulation of Althesin was shown to have a weak allergenic potential in the guinea pig maximization test. Alphadolone and alphaxalone acetate were found to be devoid of such potential, while the status of Cremophor EL remained equivocal. ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/55.8.715
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methodology for assessment of depth of anaesthesia based on analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) is controversial. Techniques range from display of single measures, for example median value of the frequency spectrum, to dedicated pattern recognition systems based on measures of several EEG features. We have comp...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/77.2.172
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle fasciculations and pain following the administration of suxamethonium were assessed in a group of patients who performed a series of stretch exercises approximately 1 h before operation. Comparison was made with a group who received suxamethonium but no pretreatment. Fasciculations were significantly reduced in...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/59.5.596
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of pain on injection of propofol remains unacceptably high in children, despite various strategies to reduce it. A new drug formulation of propofol has, in adult studies, been reported to cause less injection pain compared with other propofol solutions. The aim of the present prospective random...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aei156
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00