Abstract：
:To understand the cellular and molecular basis of the anaesthetic state, it is important to remember that, in the intact CNS, synapses operate within elaborate nerve networks. From the data presented above, it is evident that block of impulse conduction in presynaptic fibres does not explain the effects of most anesthetics on synaptic activity. This is not surprising since some anaesthetics, the barbiturates in particular, may both depress excitation and enhance inhibition. General anaesthetics modulate the activity of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels and this appears to be sufficient to account for the reduction in transmitter secretion they produce. Transmitter operated ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane are modulated by smaller concentrations of anaesthetics than are required to modulate the presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels. For this reason, transmitter operated channels appear to represent a major target site for anaesthetics. Finally, there are subtle effects of anaesthetics on the patterns of impulse propagation in nerve axons and on action potential generation in the cell body which result from modulation of membrane excitability. The overall effect of an anaesthetic agent depends on summation of events occurring at the many individual synapses and neurones that make up the network. The effects of anaesthetics on different neuronal pathways may therefore depend on the nature of the receptors and ion channels of the cells that comprise the network. The anaesthetic state may be the result of all these actions, but the characteristics of the state may differ somewhat from agent to agent.
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Pocock G,Richards CDdoi
10.1093/bja/71.1.134subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-07-01 00:00:00pages
134-47issue
1eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)45771-0journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:The cuff pressures may be different in oesophageal and tracheal intubations. We conducted a study to evaluate if cuff pressures of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) could provide information to distinguish tracheal or oesophageal intubations in a pig trachea-oesophagus model. METHODS:In each preparation of pig trac...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aem244
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some anaesthetic agents exhibit an age-dependent analgesic effect, for example nitrous oxide, which is ineffective in newborn rats. We investigated whether a similar time dependency existed for the responses to the volatile anaesthetic isoflurane. METHODS:The analgesic and hypnotic properties of isoflurane ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aei182
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcuronium 0.16 mg kg-1 was used to provide neuromuscular blockade in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal transplantation. Relaxation was found to be adequate for intubation and surgery. There were minimal alterations to cardiovascular variables. The dose required was small, and complete reversal occu...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/56.11.1229
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lower thoracic epidural anaesthesia and analgesia (EDA) has gained increasing importance in perioperative pain therapy. The loss-of-resistance technique used to identify the epidural space is thought to rely on the penetration of the ligamentum flavum. Investigations at the cervical and lumbar regions have d...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aei133
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physical and pharmacological properties of the structural isomers isoflurane and enflurane differ from each other and from those of other potent inhaled anaesthetics. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane (1.15%) is one-and-one-half times that for halothane (0.75%) and two-thirds that for enflura...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuromuscular blocking effects of equipotent doses of the three putative metabolites of vecuronium (3-hydroxy vecuronium, 17-hydroxy vecuronium and 3,17-dihydroxy vecuronium) were compared with those of an equipotent dose of vecuronium. Results obtained with the liver excluded from the circulation and after intrap...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/57.8.789
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) is gaining popularity as a less traumatic and minimally invasive alternative to open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and grade of venous gas embolism (VGE) during RALRP compared with those ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aeq247
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The processed electroencephalogram (pEEG) was monitored in eight patients undergoing gynaecological laparotomy under combined extradural and nitrous oxide-isoflurane anaesthesia. Pre-incisional mean spectral edge frequency 95 percentile (SEF95) and median frequency (MF) were 11.67 (SD 1.63) Hz and 3.74 (0.24) Hz, resp...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/78.6.751
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients are at risk for several types of lung injury in the perioperative period including atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anaesthetic management can cause, exacerbate, or ameliorate these injuries. This review examines the effects of perioperative mec...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aeq299
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High-frequency oscillation (HFO) is a widely used lung-protective ventilatory strategy in paediatric and neonatal acute lung injury. Its safe and effective use has been hindered by inadequate recruitment of the lung during oscillation and, until recently, the lack of an adequately powered oscillator for use ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/88.5.708
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Priming during anaesthesia has been hard to replicate and the conditions under which it occurs remain poorly understood. We replicated and extended a recent study to determine whether intraoperative priming during propofol and nitrous oxide anaesthesia is a reliable phenomenon, whether it occurs due to aware...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aeh289
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block is a popular regional anaesthetic technique for children undergoing inguinal surgery. The success rate is only 70-80% and complications may occur. A prospective randomized double-blinded study was designed to compare the use of ultrasonography with the conventiona...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aei157
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The diagnosis of abdominal compartment syndrome depends upon the demonstration of an elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Direct measures of IAP are impractical in the critical care unit; intravesical pressure (IVP) and intragastric pressure (IGP) should represent acceptable surrogate measures. IVP is th...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aem060
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some recipients of isolated, orthotopic lung transplants have now survived to leave hospital with greatly improved quality of life. Inevitably, the successful demonstration of the feasibility of these operations means that transplant centres throughout the world may wish to participate in a lung transplant programme. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/61.4.468
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Desflurane at more than 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) has been shown to prolong the QT interval, but it is unclear whether this is the case at lower concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine whether desflurane concentrations of <1 MAC affect tracheal intubation-induced prolongation of t...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aep355
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the influence of electrical stimulation on caffeine-induced tension generation during contracture testing used to diagnose malignant hyperthermia. The cumulative contracture response to caffeine was compared in pairs of morphologically comparable muscle bundles obtained from the same patient. Only one...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/69.1.87
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardioventilatory coupling (CVC) is the temporal coherence of respiratory and cardiac rhythms. We have suggested that this coherence is the result of triggering of inspiratory onset by a preceding cardiovascular afferent. One implication of this triggering hypothesis is that coupling should only exist under conditions...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/82.4.546
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction of three new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents--atracurium, vecuronium and Duador--on human red cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; EC 3.1.1.8) was investigated. The binding of these neuromuscular blockers to human plasma proteins (pr...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clonidine is a useful analgesic-sedative agent; however, few data exist regarding its use in infants after congenital heart disease surgery. We thus aimed to assess the absorption and safety of enterally administered clonidine in this setting. METHODS:Sixteen infants (median age 6.7 months) received a singl...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aeu258
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new design of tracheal tube cuff was compared with two types of high-volume, low-pressure (HVLP) cuffed tracheal tube for leakage of fluid from the subglottic space into the trachea. Spontaneous and positive-pressure ventilation were simulated using a mechanical lung, an intubated model trachea and a ventilator. Exc...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/80.6.796
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to explore difficulties at work from anaesthetists' own perspective and to examine how anaesthetists handle and cope with situations that are perceived as difficult and potentially stressful. METHODS:Two sets of interviews were conducted with 19 specialist anaesthetists in Sweden. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/bja/aem233
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Anterograde, but not retrograde, amnesia has been demonstrated following midazolam administration. However, there have been no studies investigating whether or not immediate retrograde amnesia can be produced with midazolam. METHODS:After ethics committee approval and consent, 40 adult patients undergoing s...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aei040
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a random, double-blind crossover trial using an ischaemic limb pain model we have assessed the speed of onset of analgesia after an i.v. bolus of equipotent doses of diamorphine and morphine in 12 healthy male volunteers. Pain and its subsequent relief were assessed by means of a visual analogue scale. Two of the s...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/66.6.656
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cryoprecipitate, originally developed as a therapy for patients with antihaemophilic factor deficiency, or haemophilia A, has been in use for almost 50 yr. However, cryoprecipitate is no longer administered according to its original purpose, and is now most commonly used to replenish fibrinogen levels in patients with...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aeu158
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fate of gallamine triethiodide has been investigated in patients undergoing cholecystectomy with choledochostomy (group I), pelvic operations (group II) and orthopaedic operations (group III). Following a single i.v. injection of gallamine 2.5 mg kg(-1) the disappearance of the drug from the serum occurred in thre...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/50.4.345
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased BMI may increase the body's capacity to store potent inhaled anaesthetics, more so with more soluble agents. Accordingly, we asked whether increased BMI and longer anaesthesia prolonged airway reflex recovery. METHODS:We measured time from anaesthetic discontinuation until first response to comman...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aep374
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Intraperitoneal insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) may promote collapse of dependent lung regions. The present study was undertaken to study the effects of CO2-pneumoperitoneum (CO2-PP) on atelectasis formation, arterial oxygenation, and arterial to end-tidal PCO2-gradient (Pa-E'(CO2)). METHODS:Fifteen an...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aep102
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a double-blind, placebo-controlled three-way cross over study, the efficacy of Ro 15-1788 200 mg, a new benzodiazepine antagonist, in blocking the amnesic, cognitive, psychomotor and subjective effects of diazepam 20 mg, was investigated in a group of six healthy male volunteers. The amnesic effects of diazepam wer...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/55.4.349
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was undertaken to compare the effects of general anaesthesia (GA) and spinal anaesthesia (SA) on the need for postoperative hospitalization and early postoperative comfort in patients undergoing fast-track total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS:One hundred and twenty subjects were randomly alloca...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aet104
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the effects of propofol on beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate, arterial pressure (continuous arterial tonometry) and infrared finger plethysmography in 10 healthy male patients undergoing elective surgery. Administration of Diprivan (propofol 10 mg ml-1) 0.2 ml kg-1, followed by an infusion o...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/73.2.167
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
