Abstract:
:The ability to identify specific strains within a given species of pathogen is an important aid in the rational development of effective measures to prevent and control nosocomial infections. The efforts of both microbiologist and hospital epidemiologic are facilitated greatly by the availability of the newer molecular epidemiologic typing techniques. Although these methods clearly have limitations, they generally are a significant improvement over the more conventional typing methods, many of which are too cumbersome, insensitive, and time-consuming to be of practical value for epidemiologic evaluations. Based on current experience, the molecular typing methods that appear to be the most practical and useful for both large and small scale epidemiologic studies are the DNA-based methods of REAP and PFGE. Many questions remain concerning the appropriate role of molecular typing methods in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Often, molecular typing may be performed more efficiently in a reference laboratory. In contrast, selected methods such as plasmid analysis are well within the scope of clinical microbiology laboratories and may be an important adjunct to the hospital infection control effort. Given the limitations of the available methods and the complex nature of patients at risk for nosocomial infections, it is imperative that these methods be employed with clear epidemiologic objectives in mind. Typing should always include unrelated as well as epidemiologically related isolates and, whenever possible, all organisms should be typed under identical conditions, preferably within the same test run. In addition, results are most effectively used to supplement rather than to replace hypotheses and questions thoughtfully developed by the clinician or epidemiologist. Ideally, typing is performed independently by the laboratory to avoid bias, but the results are applied collaboratively to ensure that both the potential insights and the unavoidable ambiguities presented by the results are clearly appreciated. Additional studies based upon sound epidemiologic principles will help clarify the role of the various molecular typing methods as epidemiologic markers and advance our understanding of the epidemiology of nosocomial infections.
journal_name
Clin Lab Medjournal_title
Clinics in laboratory medicineauthors
Sader HS,Hollis RJ,Pfaller MAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-06-01 00:00:00pages
407-31issue
2eissn
0272-2712issn
1557-9832journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Mechanisms of immunologic injury causing glomerulonephritis are based on immune complex or autoantibody deposition with activation of complement. Circulating immune complex disease can be diagnosed and monitored with improved assays for immune complexes, DNA antibodies, complement levels, and complement activation pro...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The era of prenatal screening for serious birth defects began in the 1970s with the discovery that amniotic fluid and maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were increased in pregnancies affected by fetal open neural tube defects. Since then, prenatal screening has become a part of routine obstetric care. In...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-2712(03)00032-5
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2009.07.007
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.010
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.05.002
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2009.02.001
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia cause a well-characterized spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to hemorrhagic colitis and fatal typhoidal fever. These pathogens are responsible for millions of cases of food-borne illness in the United States each year, with substantial costs measured i...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.002
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2007.05.013
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2017.05.009
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2017.10.013
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.05.012
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2018.10.002
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study uses three unique data sets to show the state of the art of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analyzers in a range of settings and compares their performance against the international guidance set by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine task force for HbA1c standardization. The da...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2016.09.006
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formal medical and public health microbiology (MPHM) fellowship programs play a key role in preparing future clinical microbiology laboratory directors for their leadership and management responsibilities. Given the continually evolving MPHM field, fellowships must remain adaptable to changes in the field, providing t...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.08.009
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principles, technique of measurement, and clinical significance of free drugs are reviewed. Albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and lipoprotein are the main drug-binding proteins in blood. Variations of the concentrations of these proteins owing to disease would result in changes in the free drug levels. These lev...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in cellular therapies for pediatric patients have created many opportunities for improved survival with reduced morbidity. This article reviews current cellular therapies in pediatric hematological malignancy, including the most updated practices in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and the use of chimeric a...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.10.008
更新日期:2021-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::"Bath salts" has attracted young adults primarily due to its stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects akin to amphetamines and cocaine. Although other designer amines have been incorporated to newer generation "bath salts", synthetic cathinones remain to be their major component. This article discusses our current under...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2012.07.010
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2014.06.011
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal thermogenesis requires a complex interaction between systems that generate and dissipate heat. Serving as director of thermogenesis, the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system along with the thyroid and adrenal glands to respond to changes in body temperature. Working in concert, these systems re...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2006.01.007
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important enteric pathogens worldwide, causing diarrhea with or without blood visibly present and hemolytic uremic syndrome. STEC are unique among diarrheogenic E coli in producing Shiga toxin type 1 and type 2, the virulence factors responsible for bloody diarrhea and...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2009.11.001
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-2712(02)00067-7
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00