Abstract：
:Formal medical and public health microbiology (MPHM) fellowship programs play a key role in preparing future clinical microbiology laboratory directors for their leadership and management responsibilities. Given the continually evolving MPHM field, fellowships must remain adaptable to changes in the field, providing trainees with the opportunity to engage with newly emerging diagnostic modalities, while continuing to emphasize the "bread and butter" techniques of clinical microbiology. This article discusses the key components of a fellowship program and provides recommendations for incorporating educational best practices.
journal_name
Clin Lab Medjournal_title
Clinics in laboratory medicineauthors
Pritt BS,Bowler CA,Theel ESdoi
10.1016/j.cll.2020.08.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
521-533issue
4eissn
0272-2712issn
1557-9832pii
S0272-2712(20)30063-9journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The principles, technique of measurement, and clinical significance of free drugs are reviewed. Albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and lipoprotein are the main drug-binding proteins in blood. Variations of the concentrations of these proteins owing to disease would result in changes in the free drug levels. These lev...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis (low bone mass) depends on the peak bone mass attained and bone loss after the peak. Sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) have an impact on both processes. In this article the roles and mechanisms of estrogens and androgens are discussed in relation to clinical osteoporosis. Other hormones and hormone-l...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:India is a global leader in diabetes, currently with second largest pool of diabetes in the world. Asian Indian phenotype is uniquely predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes because of strong familial aggregation as well lifestyle factors of imprudent diet and sedentary physical habit. The typical Asian Indian phenotyp...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2012.04.012
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With emerging antimicrobial resistance, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is needed to provide early definitive therapeutic guidance to optimize patient outcome. Genotypic methods are fast, but can identify only a subset of known resistance elements. Phenotypic methods determine clinically predictive mi...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2019.04.001
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA testing has revolutionized the forensic sciences. Forensic testing has continued to evolve, and now several methods are in use. The predominant methods of forensic DNA analysis are described, and their application in casework is summarized. The legal acceptance of this testing also is discussed. ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia cause a well-characterized spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to hemorrhagic colitis and fatal typhoidal fever. These pathogens are responsible for millions of cases of food-borne illness in the United States each year, with substantial costs measured i...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.002
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale clinical databases provide a detailed perspective on patient phenotype in disease and the characteristics of health care processes. Important information is often contained in the relationships between the values and timestamps of sequences of clinical data. The analysis of clinical time sequence data acro...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2007.10.005
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in computing speed and power have made a pure digital work flow for pathology. New technologies such as whole slide imaging (WSI), multispectral image analysis, and algorithmic image searching seem poised to fundamentally change the way in which pathology is practiced. This article provides the practicing pat...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2012.07.006
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacologic field that studies antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) has had a major impact on the choice and dosing regimens used for many antibiotics especially those used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. PK/PD parameters are particularly important in light of increasing ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2004.03.009
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory information systems (LISs) supply mission-critical capabilities for the vast array of information-processing needs of modern laboratories. LIS architectures include mainframe, client-server, and thin client configurations. The LIS database software manages a laboratory's data. LIS dictionaries are database ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2015.09.002
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphoma in dogs is a heterogeneous cancer with highly variable prognosis. Many types of canine lymphoma have similar counterparts in the World Health Organization classification of human lymphoid tumors. The most common variant of canine lymphoma is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which, if treated with multiagent che...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2010.10.001
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As aerobic creatures, normal living requires that not only are human beings exposed to oxygen but are dependent on oxygen. Humans have evolved mechanisms to cope with living in an aerobic environment; however, modern humans may be more exposed to oxidant stresses. Much indirect evidence implicates reactive oxygen spec...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Technical aspects of rare-event detection are discussed in this article in a practical context, with two real-life examples. A growing number of flow cytometry-based assays depend on rare-event detection for basic science and clinical applications. ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2007.05.013
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lyme disease in North America is caused by infection with the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus ticks. These ticks also have the potential to transmit a rapidly expanding list of other pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites, including Anaplasma ph...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2015.07.006
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is growing evidence supporting the genetic variability outside of HLA system that is contributing to the variation in transplant outcomes. Determining novel predictors could help to identify patients at risk and tailor their immunosuppressive regimens. This article discusses the various single nucleotide polymor...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2018.10.002
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical prenatal screening was initiated with the use of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein to screen for open neural tube defects. Screening now includes multiple marker and sequential screening protocols involving serum and ultrasound markers to screen for aneuploidy. Recently cell-free DNA screening for aneuploid...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2016.01.004
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The improvement of quality in clinical care can greatly benefit form continuous benchmarking with information based on laboratory data. To be most effective, the information is best provided in the form of real-time disease management decision support. Such an approach requires advances in the implementation of hospit...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromosome analysis is the genetic technique useful in evaluating endocrine disease. Indications for cytogenetic studies include suspected sex chromosomal aneuploidies as well as repeated fetal wastage. In patients with ambiguous genitalia, cytogenetic studies are mandatory, not only to provide information for assigni...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the concept of dysplasia and the distinguishing features of dysplastic nevi, including their premalignant potential, their biologic markers of tumor progression, and their reproducibly recognizable clinical and histologic characteristics. An additional emphasis is placed on describing gray zone m...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ALP is a profoundly ubiquitous enzyme that originates in many, if not all, mammalian tissues. The development of a simple ISEF technique has allowed reflection of at least 12 cellular components. Improvements in technique may add further zones of information. The aura of darkness surrounding ALP is being slowly dissip...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytomorphological examination of aspirate smears remains the basic method to diagnose hematologic disorders and to evaluate treatment-related changes. Last-generation hematological analyzers can count, besides cells normally circulating in peripheral blood, some types of immature and abnormal cells, such as erythrobla...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.001
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important enteric pathogens worldwide, causing diarrhea with or without blood visibly present and hemolytic uremic syndrome. STEC are unique among diarrheogenic E coli in producing Shiga toxin type 1 and type 2, the virulence factors responsible for bloody diarrhea and...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2009.11.001
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An ideal immunohistochemical screening panel would be one in which each antibody is 100% sensitive and specific for the target cell type (e.g., markers for epithelial neoplasms, lymphomas, sarcomas, etc.). Anyone who has practiced immunochemistry is well aware that this situation does not exist. High sensitivity is hi...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bioregulators are naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate a multitude of biologic processes. Under natural circumstances, bioregulators are synthesized in minute quantities in a variety of living organisms and are essential for physiologic homeostasis. In the wrong hands, these compounds have the capabilit...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2006.03.007
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The myelodysplastic syndromes are bone marrow stem cell disorders that result in disorderly and ineffective hematopoiesis. They are prognostically heterogenous. Approximately one third of cases evolve to acute myeloid leukemia. Many additional cases terminate in severe bone marrow failure. The French-American-British ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiretroviral drugs against HIV infection have been developed that inhibit various stages of the HIV replication cycle. Agents other than reverse transcriptase inhibitors are reviewed with particular attention to those under study in clinical trials, including inhibitors of the virus-encoded protease enzyme. In addit...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of assay techniques for the analysis of tumor markers in tissue extracts and in the peripheral circulation has had a major impact on the diagnosis and management of patients with endocrine neoplasms. In addition to eutopic and ectopic hormones, a variety of other tumor-derived products, including endoc...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Technical advances in laboratory testing such as sensitive chemical tests and standardized commercial slides have significantly altered our entire approach to urinalysis. In addition, the recognition of the association of microhematuria with urologic neoplasms and the morphologically altered red blood cells with renal...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the laboratory methodologies used to evaluate acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and their role in establishing a diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. These methodologies are: morphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics. Additionally, immunophenotypic classi...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The classic workup of a patient for possible PA is revisited in light of the vanishing Schilling test. The vagaries of testing for B12 and blocking antibodies are reexamined. The advantages and disadvantages of newer tests such as MMA and serum gastrin levels are catalogued. At this juncture in the evolution of new te...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-2712(01)00003-8
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
