Abstract:
:The objective of this study was to determine how bilinguals' age at the time of language acquisition influenced the organization of their phonetic system(s). The productions of six English and five Korean vowels by English and Korean monolinguals were compared to the productions of the same vowels by early and late Korean-English bilinguals varying in amount of exposure to their second language. Results indicated that bilinguals' age profoundly influenced both the degree and the direction of the interaction between the phonetic systems of their native (L1) and second (L2) languages. In particular, early bilinguals manifested a bidirectional L1-L2 influence and produced distinct acoustic realizations of L1 and L2 vowels. Late bilinguals, however, showed evidence of a unidirectional influence of the L1 on the L2 and produced L2 vowels that were "colored" by acoustic properties of their L1. The degree and direction of L1-L2 influences in early and late bilinguals appeared to depend on the degree of acoustic similarity between L1 and L2 vowels and the length of their exposure to the L2. Overall, the findings underscored the complex nature of the restructuring of the L1-L2 phonetic system(s) in bilinguals.
journal_name
Lang Speechjournal_title
Language and speechauthors
Baker W,Trofimovich Pdoi
10.1177/00238309050480010101subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-27issue
Pt 1eissn
0023-8309issn
1756-6053journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Voice onset time (VOT) is a temporal acoustic parameter that reflects motor speech coordination skills. This study investigated the patterns of age and sex differences across development of voice onset time in a group of 70 English-speaking children, ranging in age from 4.1 to 18.4 years, and 12 young adults. The effe...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830914522994
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a data set of 291 spontaneous utterances from German 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds and adults, nuclear pitch contours were labeled manually using the GToBI annotation system.Ten different contour types were identified.The fundamental frequency (F0) of these contours was modeled using third-order orthogonal polynomials, ...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830910397495
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abstract::Poor beginning readers often have difficulty comprehending spoken sentences with complex syntactic structures. This study attempts to identify the reasons for this difficulty. Second-grade good and poor readers were tested for comprehension of spoken sentences containing the temporal terms before and after. Processing...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383098903200103
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of orthographic knowledge has been consistently observed in dissimilarity speech recognition and metaphonological tasks. The present study provides data suggesting that such influence also pervades other cognitive domains phonological related to language abilities, such as verbal working memory. Using se...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830910371450
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abstract::Although spontaneous speech occurs more frequently in most listeners' experience than read speech, laboratory studies of human speech recognition typically use carefully controlled materials read from a script. The phonological and prosodic characteristics of spontaneous and read speech differ considerably, however, w...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383098803100203
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of speakers to exaggerate speech sounds ("hyperarticulation") has led to the theory that the targets themselves must be hyperspace hyperarticulated. Johnson, Flemming, and Wright (1993) found that perceptual "best exemplar" choices for vowels were more speech extreme than listeners' own productions. Our fi...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/00238309040470020301
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Today, virtually all speakers of Mapudungun (formerly Araucanian), an endangered language of Chile and Argentina, are bilingual in Spanish. As a result, the firmness of native speaker intuitions-especially regarding perceptually complex issues such as word-stress-has been called into question. Even though native intui...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing numbers of Hispanic immigrants are entering the US and learning American-English (AE) as a second language (L2). Previous studies investigating the relationship between AE and Spanish vowels have revealed an advantage for early L2 learners for their accuracy of L2 vowel perception. Replicating and extending...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830918806933
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many languages exhibit constraints on prosodic words, where lexical items must be composed of at least two moras of structure, or a binary foot. Demuth and Fee (1995) proposed that children demonstrate early sensitivity to word-minimality effects, exhibiting a period of vowel lengthening or vowel epenthesis if coda co...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309060490020201
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated identification of fragmented Mandarin tones by non-native listeners. Monosyllabic Mandarin words were digitally processed to generate intact, silent-center, center-only, and onset-only syllables. The syllables were recorded with two carrier phrases such that the offset of the carrier tone and t...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DragonDictate is currently the only commercially available general-purpose, large-vocabulary speech recognition system. It uses discrete speech and is speaker-dependent, adapting to the speaker's voice and language model with every word. Its acoustic adaptability is based in a three-level phonology and a stochastic mo...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099203500218
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present an artificial lexicon study designed to test the hypothesis that native English speakers experience interference from written input when acquiring surface voicing in German words. Native English speakers were exposed to German-like words (e.g., /ʃtɑit/ and /ʃtɑid/, both pronounced [ʃtɑit]) along with pictur...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type:
doi:10.1177/0023830917710048
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The audiovisual speech signal contains multimodal information to phrase boundaries. In three artificial language learning studies with 12 groups of adult participants we investigated whether English monolinguals and bilingual speakers of English and a language with opposite basic word order (i.e., in which objects pre...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830919842353
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sound patterns in the speech of two Brazilian-Portuguese speaking children are compared with early production patterns in English-learning children as well as English and Brazilian-Portuguese (BP) characteristics. The relationship between production system effects and ambient language influences in the acquisition of ...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309020450020401
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study looks at the syllable onset interval (SOI) patterning in Taiwan Mandarin spontaneous speech and its relationship to discourse and syntactic units. Monologs were elicited by asking readers to tell stories depicted in comic strips and were transcribed and segmented into Discourse Segment Units (Grosz & Sidner...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309040470010301
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four speaker identification tests were conducted using five female speakers known to the listeners. Starting from acoustic recordings of reiterant "ma" syllables, the perceptual importance of the following three factors was investigated: F0 height, F0 contour, and speech rhythm. For speakers with typically low or high...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099003300302
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principal aim of this investigation was to compare coarticulatory effects at different levels of the speech production system, in order to gain insight into the relations between the different levels. To this end, the relative magnitudes of carryover and anticipatory coarticulation with adjacent vowels were measur...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099303600307
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although research examining the use of prosodic information in the processing of spoken words has increased in recent years, results from these studies have been inconclusive. The present series of experiments systematically examines the importance of one prosodic variable (lexical stress) in the recognition of isolat...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099003300104
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study is concerned with lax /u/-fronting in Standard British English and in particular with whether this sound change in progress can be attributed to a waning of the perceptual compensation for the coarticulatory effects of context. Younger and older speakers produced various monosyllables in which /u/ oc...
journal_title:Language and speech
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更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following our work on the relationship between eyebrow movements and the fundamental frequency of the voice, this article presents the results of a study on this phenomenon, and also on the temporal location of rapid eyebrow movements with respect to speaking turns during dialogue. We used an automatic movement-acquis...
journal_title:Language and speech
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abstract::Lexical acquisition relies on many mechanisms, one of which corresponds to segmentation abilities, that is, the ability to extract word forms from fluent speech. This ability is important since words are rarely produced in isolation even when talking to infants. The present study explored whether young French-learning...
journal_title:Language and speech
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journal_title:Language and speech
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abstract::The empirical focus of this paper is a conversational turn-taking phenomenon in which conjunctions produced immediately after a point of possible syntactic and pragmatic completion are treated by co-participants as points of possible completion and transition relevance. The data for this study are audio-video recordin...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::This work investigates how vowel duration and vowel quality affect degrees of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation. The effects of these two factors on vowel-to-vowel coarticulation have previously received little study. Phonological durational differences due to vowel length distinction were examined in Thai. It was hypothe...
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abstract::We examine the use of multiple subphonemic differences distinguishing homophones in production and perception, through a case study focusing on the distinction between two polysemous senses of the English word "sorry" (apology vs. attention-seeking). An analysis of production data from voice actors revealed significan...
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abstract::It is still unclear whether an individual's adoption of on-going sound change starts in production or in perception, and what the time course of the adoption of sound change is in adult speakers. These issues are investigated by means of a large-scale (106 participants) laboratory study of an on-going vowel shift in D...
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abstract::How are violations of phonological constraints processed in word comprehension? The present article reports the results of an event-related potentials (ERP) study on a phonological constraint of German that disallows identical segments within a syllable or word (CC(i)VC(i)). We examined three types of monosyllabic lat...
journal_title:Language and speech
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abstract::Certain consonant/vowel (CV) combinations are more frequent than would be expected from the individual C and V frequencies alone, both in babbling and, to a lesser extent, in adult language, based on dictionary counts: Labial consonants co-occur with central vowels more often than chance would dictate; coronals co-occ...
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