Abstract:
:The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in C. elegans and in plants has revolutionized current approaches to biology and medicine. RNAi silences genes in a sequence-specific manner through the actions of small pieces of double-stranded RNAs (siRNAs and miRNAs). RNAi has been found as a widespread natural phenomenon in eukaryotic cells and is also being used as a powerful experimental tool to explore gene function. Most importantly, it has many potential therapeutic applications. Viral gene-specific siRNAs are theoretically very promising antiviral inhibitors and have been examined in a broad range of medically important viruses. However, many RNA viruses escape RNAi-mediated suppression by counteracting the RNAi machinery through mutation of the targeted region, by encoding viral suppressors, or both. DNA viruses also counteract the RNAi machinery, preferentially using viral suppressors. Cellular factors may also contribute to RNAi resistance; ADAR1 was the first cellular factor found to be responsible for editing-mediated RNAi resistance. Because siRNAs can be used as potent small-molecule inhibitors of any cellular gene, the best way for a cell to maintain expression of essential genes for its long-term survival is to develop a program to resist the detrimental effects of RNAi.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Zheng ZM,Tang S,Tao Mdoi
10.1196/annals.1359.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
105-18eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632pii
1058/1/105journal_volume
1058pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We compare diverging evolution of a two-component (gas+stars) galactic disk embedded in a "live" halo with that of an identical pure stellar disk. Our modeling supports the conjecture that the growth of central concentration in galaxies dissolves the main family of regular orbits in the stellar bar and assists in the ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11258.x
更新日期:1998-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Ovarian failure is heterogeneous, both in cause and in phenotype. Women whose menses cease prior to age 40 years and have menopausal FSH levels are traditionally considered by clinicians to have the diagnosis of "premature ovarian failure" (POF). In fact, however, the ovarian function in this disorder is in reality a ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1429.019
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the molecular mechanism of endometrial differentiation we have initiated an analysis of the uteroglobin promoter. Uteroglobin is normally expressed in endometrial tissues under the control of ovarian hormones. In gene transfer experiments with the Ishikawa cell line, derived from a human endometrial aden...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37851.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article draws on ideas published in my "Intimations of Immortality" essay in Science (Vol. 288, No. 5463, p. 59, April 7, 2000) and my "Intimations of Immortality-The Ethics and Justice of Life Extending Therapies" in editor Michael Freeman's Current Legal Problems (Oxford University Press 2002: 65-97). This arti...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1297.098
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is a main actor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), interacting with other molecules in complex mechanisms. The neuroendocrine system is known to be involved and Chromogranin A (CHGA) serum levels are elevated in patients with RA. We evaluated the effect of the sele...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1351.041
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monoaminergic and cholinergic systems are implicated in different forms of behavioral arousal that can be dissected in terms of their forebrain targets and the nature of the behavioral processes they modulate in distinct regions. Thus, evidence in rats with selective neurochemical manipulations tested behaviorally...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Beta-amyloid (Abeta) is a main component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that induces neuronal cell death. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in Abeta-induced neurotoxicity, considerable attention has recently been focused on identifying naturally occurring antioxidative phenolic ph...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1397.051
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Altered calcium homeostasis may play a key role in the pathophysiology of human heart failure. Levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins and sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger were analyzed by Western blot in failing and nonfailing human myocardium and related to myocardial function. Levels of the SR calcium releas...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08270.x
更新日期:1998-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::The Buddhist view of the origin of the universe is discussed. One of the basic tenets of Buddhism is the concept of interdependence which says that all things exist only in relationship to others, and that nothing can have an independent and autonomous existence. The world is a vast flow of events that are linked toge...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02139.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The osteoclast (OCL) is derived from the cells in monocyte-macrophage lineage. The earliest identifiable OCL precursor is the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM), which gives rise to granulocytes, monocytes, and OCL. CFU-GM-derived cells then differentiate to committed OCL precursors, which are post-mi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1346.013
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starling's law and the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) reflect the effect of sarcomere length (SL) on the development of stress (sigma) and shortening by myocytes in the uniform ventricle. We show here that tetanic contractions of rat cardiac trabeculae exhibit a sigma-SL relationship at saturating [...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1420.010
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locomotion control uses proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular signals. Previously, we analyzed the visual contribution with visual motion stimulation in roll while participants kept their heads in a normal upright orientation. In this study we applied the same visual disturbance in a head-upright and a nose-down cond...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03846.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have demonstrated a far more widespread and selective ischemic cell damage than previously thought. In area CA3, a distinct subpopulation of interneurons, characterized by their spiny dendrites and their calretinin content, was selectively vulnerable in the absence of any other CA3 involvement. In the dentate hilus...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb55790.x
更新日期:1994-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Regional climate modeling bridges the gap between the coarse resolution of current global climate models and the regional-to-local scales, where the impacts of climate change are of primary interest. Here, we present a review of the added value of the regional climate modeling approach within the scope of paleoclimate...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13865
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis plays a critical role in acetaminophen (AAP)-induced hepatic injury, since inhibiting apoptosis also prevents the development of acute liver failure. In this study, the mechanism of apoptosis induction by AAP was investigated in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HuH7. AAP caused marked cytotoxicity in HuH7 ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1299.103
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief overview is presented of recently developed and currently emerging statistical and computational techniques that have been proved to be highly helpful in handling the avalanche of the new type of data generated by modern high-throughput technologies in experimental biology. The review, in no way comprehensive,...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1310.004
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, to identify any useful biomarkers is still a need. We performed "cancer immunomics" to identify autoantibody signatures produced in response to the presence of either breast or colorectal cancer. SERological proteome analysis (SERPA) was performed by t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1381.024
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial dysfunction, due to either environmental or genetic factors, can result in excessive production of reactive oxygen species, triggering the apoptotic death of dopaminergic cells in Parkinson's disease. Mitochondrial free radical production is promoted by the inhibition of electron transport at any point d...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07469.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prodigiosin (PG) is an active component of bacterial origin, with reported apoptotic effects. We examined the activation of caspases-9, -8, and -3 in PG-treated Jurkat cells in a dose-response study. These caspases were activated in apoptotic cells, as judged by the appearance of cleavage products from procaspases, an...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04642.x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Time-resolved confocal microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy imaging were applied to monitor the cellular uptake of fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides (ONs) delivered by a porphyrin molecule. The fate of porphyrin-ON complexes inside living cells has also been monitored. Due to intrinsic fluorescence o...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1430.007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alteration of oligosaccharide structures through genetic manipulation of glycosyltransferase activities is now a reality. It is apparent that this technique has greater consequences on oligosaccharide structure when an exogenous enzyme is introduced into cells, and in particular when this enzyme is responsible for...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44386.x
更新日期:1994-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Over seventy percent of unexpected infant deaths are registered as SIDS. Over 85,000 infants have been screened at birth and one month of age for risk of unexpected death using the Sheffield Score system. Scores range from below 400 to over 800 points. Infants with scores over 800 are at more than 16 times greater ris...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb37237.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukocyte trafficking from the blood stream to tissues is essential for continuous surveillance of foreign antigens. This dynamic process, designated as the leukocyte adhesion cascade, involves distinct steps. In leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) I the firm adhesion of leukocyte to the endothelium is defective, due ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06389.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate and breast cancer are hormone-dependent malignancies of the aging male and female and require the local production of androgens and estrogens to stimulate cell proliferation. Aldo-keto reductases (AKR) play key roles in this process. In the prostate, AKR1C3 (type 5 17beta-HSD) reduces Delta(4)-androstene-3,17...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03700.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopaminergic signaling in the brain is primarily modulated by dopamine transporters (DATs), which actively translocate extraneuronal dopamine back into dopaminergic neurons. Transporter proteins are highly dynamic, continuously trafficking between plasmalemmal and endosomal membranes. Changes in DAT membrane trafficki...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05148.x
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin therapy is often necessary for glycemic control, and its effect on plasma lipids is an important issue with respect to arteriosclerosis. Previous reports suggested that increased cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) appeared in diabetic patients with hyperinsulinemia or given a lot of insulin is atherogen...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03962.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major active ingredient of marijuana, can suppress reproductive function. Also, we reported previously that the endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), inhibited gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH) release from medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of male rats incubate...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1366.008
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), despite their well-known roles in cell survival and proliferation, can also weakly enhance apoptosis. To study the relationships between the IGF-IR and Bax as well as Bak, 144 cases of colorectal cancer were examined by immunohistochemistry, using the a...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1329.047
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) has been implicated in the growth of endometrial cancer. In the present study, immunostaining of EGF-R was investigated in different endometrial cancer histotypes. For this purpose 34 surgical samples of primary endometrial carcinoma were studied using monoclonal anti-EGF-R ant...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21759.x
更新日期:1994-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium channels from rat and rabbit skeletal muscle have been isolated, characterized, and functionally reconstituted. These channel proteins closely resemble those purified from the eel electroplax and from rat brain. Work now in progress on the determination of the primary sequence of the 260 kDa subunit through the...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb15569.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00