Abstract:
:Strain 1470 is the standard typing strain for serogroup F of Clostridium difficile containing both toxin genes, toxA-1470 and toxB-1470. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approach to the sequencing of the total toxB-1470 gene identified an open reading frame (ORF) of 7104 nucleotides. In comparison with the previously sequenced toxB of C. difficile VP10463, the toxB-1470 gene has 16 additional nucleotides, 13 within the 5'-untranslated region and three within the coding region. The M(r) of ToxB-1470 is 269,262, with an isoelectric point (IP) of 4.16. The equivalent values for ToxB are M(r) 269,709 and IP 4.13. In comparison with ToxB, ToxB-1470 differs primarily in the N-terminal region between positions 1 and 868 where 148 amino acids residues are changed. The C-terminal region between residues 869-2367 is highly conserved with only six amino acid alterations. Dot matrix comparison of ToxB-1470 with ToxA and ToxB reveals the highest homology between ToxB-1470 and ToxB. Thus ToxB-1470 did not originate from recombination between ToxA and ToxB. On cultured endothelial cells, from porcine pulmonary artery, purified ToxB-1470 is less potent than ToxB. The cytopathic effects of ToxB-1470 are indistinguishable from those caused by the lethal toxin (LT) of Clostridium sordellii, but are clearly different from the patterns observed after exposure of endothelial cells to ToxA and ToxB of C. difficile (VPI10463) or alpha-toxin (Tcn alpha) of Clostridium novyi. The LT-like action of ToxB-1470 was not due to altered internalization processes, as microinjection and addition to the medium induced identical effects on the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
von Eichel-Streiber C,Meyer zu Heringdorf D,Habermann E,Sartingen Sdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17020313.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-07-01 00:00:00pages
313-21issue
2eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Crystallographic structure refinement at very high resolutions of a dozen periplasmic receptors has revealed that, though they have different sizes (26 to 60 kDa) and little sequence homology, they have high tertiary structure similarity. They consist of two distinct globular domains bisected by a cleft or groove wher...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02484.x
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription of the ansB gene, encoding L-asparaginase II, is positively regulated by cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and by the product of the fnr gene, the FNR protein. These global regulatory proteins mediate the expression of ansB in Escherichia coli in response to carbon source and to anaerobiosis, respectively, and...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01677.x
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exosporium is the outermost layer of the Bacillus anthracis spore. The predominant protein on the exosporium surface is BclA, a collagen-like glycoprotein. BclA is incorporated on the spore surface late in the B. anthracis sporulation pathway. A second collagen-like protein, BclB, has been shown to be surface-expo...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06420.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::srfA is a locus required for the production of the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin. This locus is also necessary for efficient sporulation and competence development. Mutations in the 5' portion of the srfA operon affect all three of these processes, whereas mutations in the 3' portion of srfA only affect sporulation...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01630.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dominant, polA1-independent replicon of pGSH500, rep beta (1.8 kb), consists of a cis-acting oriV region of 245 bp; a repB gene that is essential for autonomous replication and 18, 30 to 36 bp iterons which constitute the inc/cop region. The molecular organization of rep beta resembles that of mini-pCU1 (IncN). Fu...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01171.x
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogen Vibrio cholerae modulates the expression of many genes in order to transition from its environmental reservoir to its niche in the human host. Among these are genes encoding two related Type IV pili, the mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin (MSHA) pilus, which aids V. cholerae persistence in aquatic environme...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06091.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression in the Leishmania is controlled post-transcriptionally, and is likely to be impacted by both 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). We have investigated the effects of trinucleotides in the AUG-proximal region (APR) (i.e. positions -3 to -1 upstream of an AUG) on two reporter genes in the context of an...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05228.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Entry of Listeria monocytogenes into cultured epithelial cells requires production of internalin, a protein with features characteristic of some Gram-positive bacterial surface proteins, in particular an LPXTG motif preceding a hydrophobic sequence and a few basic residues at its C-terminal end. By immunofluorescence ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02566.x
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a normal cell cycle, chromosomes are exposed to many biochemical reactions that require specific types of DNA movement. Separation forces move replicated chromosomes into separate sister cell compartments during cell division, and the contemporaneous acts of DNA replication, RNA transcription and cotranscriptio...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04796.x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 34 kb fragment of the Nocardia lactamdurans DNA carrying the cluster of early cephamycin biosynthetic genes was cloned in lambda EMBL3 by hybridization with probes internal to the pcbAB and pcbC genes of Penicillium chrysogenum and Streptomyces griseus. The pcbAB and pcbC genes were found to be closely linked togeth...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01885.x
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that invades the root nodules it induces on Medicago sativa, whereupon it undergoes an alteration of its cell cycle and differentiates into nitrogen-fixing, elongated and polyploid bacteroid with higher membrane permeability. In Caulobacter crescentus, a related alphaproteoba...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12347
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here the construction and analysis of insertional mutations in each of the three genes of the gltBDF operon and the nucleotide sequence of the region downstream from gltD. Two open reading frames were identified, the first of which corresponds to gltF. The gltB and gltD genes code for the large and small sub...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01450.x
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequence of the proximal half of the rfb region of Shigella flexneri has been determined, and the genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-rhamnose have been identified. These genes show strong homology to the rfb genes encoding dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis in Salmonella enterica serova...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00308.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The analysis of the not well understood composition of the stalk, a key ribosomal structure, in eukaryotes having multiple 12 kDa P1/P2 acidic protein components has been approached using these proteins tagged with a histidine tail at the C-terminus. Tagged Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes, which contain two P1 prot...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03733.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various physiological stimuli trigger the conversion of noninfective Leishmania donovani promastigotes to the infective form. Here, we present the first evidence of the effect of glucose starvation, on virulence and survival of these parasites. Glucose starvation resulted in a decrease in metabolically active parasite...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13534
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phospholipid homeostasis of the bacterial membrane is maintained by biochemical regulation of the synthesis enzymes depending on the environment. However, genes encoding phospholipid synthesis enzymes might also be regulated during stress responses, in order for the bacteria to adapt their growth to changing environme...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07641.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::NsrR is a nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive transcription repressor that controls NO metabolism in a wide range of bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, NsrR represses transcription of the nitrite reductase (nasDEF) genes that are under positive control of the ResD-ResE two-component signal transduction system. Derepression is ac...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07407.x
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The haemolytic activity of Serratia marcescens is determined by two proteins, ShlA and ShlB. ShlA integrates into the erythrocyte membrane and causes osmotic lysis through channel formation. The conformation of ShlA and its interaction with erythrocyte membranes were studied by determining the cleavage of ShlA by adde...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00190.x
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histidine kinases function as dimers. The kinase domain of the osmosensing histidine kinase EnvZ of Escherichia coli consists of two domains: domain A (67 residues) responsible for histidine phosphotransfer and dimerization, and domain B (161 residues) responsible for the catalytic and ATP-binding function. The indivi...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01837.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work demonstrated that selection for Escherichia coli mutants with low antibiotic resistance frequently resulted in co-selection of lon mutations and that lon(-) mutants evolved higher-level resistance faster than a lon(+) strain. Here we show that lon mutation causes a very low multidrug resistance by induci...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12429
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome b558 in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacillus subtilis constitutes the anchor and electron acceptor to the flavoprotein (Fp) and iron-sulphur protein (Ip) in succinate:quinone oxidoreductase, and seemingly contains two haem groups. EPR and MCD spectroscopic data indicate bis-imidazole ligation of the haem. A...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00677.x
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The collective function of secreted pathogen effector molecules is to enhance the virulence and avirulence activity of the pathogen during the infection of its host. While the activity of a majority of pathogen effectors is unknown, several classes of effector molecules have been well characterized. Among these includ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05308.x
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydiae are bacterial parasites that carry out a distinct developmental cycle within host cells; however, the mechanisms by which these organisms regulate stage-specific gene expression are not known. We identified a DNA element located between nucleotide (nt) -135 and -90 upstream from the transcription start poin...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02531.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cpmk2, encoding a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase from the ascomycete Claviceps purpurea, is an orthologue of SLT2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first isolated from a biotrophic, non-appressorium-forming pathogen. Deletion mutants obtained by a gene replacement approach show impaired vegetative properties ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03133.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori persists deep in the human gastric mucus layer in a harsh, nutrient-poor environment. Survival under these conditions depends on the ability of this human pathogen to invoke starvation/stress responses when needed. Unlike many bacteria, H. pylori lacks starvation/stress-responding alternative sigma...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07233.x
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-component regulatory proteins function in bacteria as sensory and adaptive factors in response to a wide range of environmental stimuli. Some two-component systems, such as PhoP/PhoQ, control transcription of key virulence genes essential for survival in host cells in diverse intracellular bacterial pathogens, inc...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02500.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An internal segment of the (p)ppGpp synthetase gene, relA, of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was amplified from genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction and used as a hybridization probe to isolate the complete gene from a cosmid library. relA lies downstream of a gene (apt) that apparently encodes adenine phosp...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.390919.x
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crown gall tumorigenesis by Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires the co-ordinate transcriptional induction of a set of pathogenesis genes. At least three classes of environmental stimuli act synergistically to induce these genes: (i) monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as acetosyringone, coniferyl alcohol, and vanilli...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02080.x
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative enterobacterium that has historically been, and currently remains, a significant cause of human disease. It is a frequent cause of urinary tract infections and pneumonia, and subsequent systemic infections can have mortality rates as high as 60%. Despite its clinical significan...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04918.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-cell and cell-surface adherence represents initial steps in forming multicellular aggregates or in establishing cell-surface interactions. The commonly used Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strain S288c carries a flo8 mutation, and is only able to express the flocculin-encoding genes FLO1 and FLO11, when FLO8 ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06014.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00