Effects of reinforcement magnitude on interval and ratio schedules.

abstract：:Two experiments investigated the effect of observing responses that enabled college students to emit more efficient distributions of reinforced responses. In Experiment 1, the gains of response efficiency enabled by observing were minimized through use of identical low-effort response requirements in two alternating v...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Case DA,Fantino E,Wixted J

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We identify naming as the basic unit of verbal behavior, describe the conditions under which it is learned, and outline its crucial role in the development of stimulus classes and, hence, of symbolic behavior. Drawing upon B. F. Skinner's functional analysis and the theoretical work of G. H. Mead and L. S. Vygotsky, w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Horne PJ,Lowe CF

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subjects pressed a telegraph key to illuminate a meter dial on which pointer deflections appeared at fixed intervals. Upon detecting a deflection they were required to press another key to reset the pointer to zero. This detecting and resetting operation reinforced the behavior of pressing the light-flashing key (i.e....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Laties VG,Weiss B

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ecological approach to perception, as developed by James Gibson, is described and applied to how one knows, by means of the haptic perceptual system, various properties of hand-held objects. Four sets of experiments are reviewed in which subjects reported on the extent, orientation, shape, and fractional component...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Turvey MT,Solomon HY,Burton G

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to a concurrent-chains schedule in which a single variable-interval 30-s schedule was used in the initial links and fixed-time schedules were used in the terminal links. Three types of keylight conditions were used in the terminal links. In the first condition, different delays were associated wit...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Omino T

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preening in four pigeons was observed and recorded during operant level determinations, continuous and variable interval reinforcement, and extinction. The rate at which preening responses occur seems to be controlled by reinforcement in the same way as other operant behavior. Preening during VI reinforcement and exti...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： HOGAN JA

更新日期：1964-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study obtained quantitative data on the bodily orientations of rhesus monkeys in a delayed-response task and determined whether such orientations mediate the correct response in a choice trial. The basic task was a two-key chain schedule with the key leading to food signaled in the initial component. During the s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kojima S

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding of three pigeons was maintained under conjunctive fixed-ratio, fixed-interval schedules where a key peck produced food after both schedule requirements were completed. The individual schedule requirements were then successively removed and reinstated with responding maintained under the following conditions...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Barrett JE

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The occurrence of extinction bursts-transient increases in response rate in excess of those observed in baseline during the period immediately following discontinuation of reinforcement of a response-was examined. In Experiment 1, key pecking of pigeons was reinforced according to a multiple schedule in which a variab...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lattal KA,Kuroda T,Cook JE

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytic methods of signal detection theory were employed to assess the utility of reinforcers. Four pigeons were trained to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus by pecking one of two side keys in a trial-by-trial choice paradigm. The relative rate of positive reinforcement for correct choices was varied to of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Nevin JA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous research has shown that Lewis rats make more impulsive choices than Fischer 344 rats. Such strain-related differences in choice are important as they may provide an avenue for exploring genetic and neurochemical contributions to impulsive choice. The present systematic replication was designed to determine if...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Madden GJ,Smith NG,Brewer AT,Pinkston JW,Johnson PS

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiment I investigated the effects of reinforcer magnitude on differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule performance in three phases. In Phase 1, two groups of rats (n = 6 and 5) responded under a DRI. 72-s schedule with reinforcer magnitudes of either 30 or 300 microl of water. After acquisition, the wa...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Doughty AH,Richards JB

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grain was briefly presented to food-deprived pigeons intermittently and response-independently except during signaled timeouts. During Experiment 1, key pecks postponed the next timeout for a specified interval. Rates of pecking during time in were inversely related to the length of time pecking postponed the next tim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Galbicka G,Branch MN

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five rats responded under concurrent fixed-interval variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement. Fixed-interval values ranged from 50-seconds to 300-seconds and variable-ratio values ranged from 30 to 360; a five-second changeover delay was in effect throughout the experiment. The relations between reinforcement ra...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rider DP

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on a non-spatial delayed alternation task in which the color not pecked on the previous trial was correct. When varying delays were interposed between trials, alternation accuracy decreased as a function of delay, but remained greater than chance with a 45-sec delay. Successful alternation on the ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Williams BA

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cooperative responses of pairs of human subjects were reinforced under several stimulus conditions in two settings designed to require a "social" response, i.e., where at least one of the two persons is responding to the behavior of the other. The first task, designed by Lindsley and Cohen, required individual res...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schmitt DR,Marwell G

更新日期：1968-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were trained to peck a key under a free-operant avoidance schedule. Then, changes in key color signalled the beginning (safe period) and the end (warning period) of the response-shock interval, with a response required to change the key color. Finally, a change in key color signalled the warning period and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Moraes AB,Todorov JC

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons worked on concurrent variable-interval, variable-interval schedules with the alternatives signaled by slides either containing trees or not. The schedules were designed to hold both overall and relative rates of reinforcement within narrowly constrained limits, and slides were quasi-randomly ordered each day. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Vaughan W,Herrnstein RJ

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons pecked at letters of the alphabet and at the symbol "?" displayed on a computer-driven cathode ray screen. A 4 by 4 matrix of infrared emitting and detecting diodes and associated circuitry identified the location of a pigeon's responses to the screen. Responses at the target letter T were probabilistica...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Clauson HD,Izatt EJ,Shimp CP

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study compared relapse after responding was eliminated by extinction or omission training in rats. In Experiment 1, lever pressing was reinforced with food pellets in Context A and then eliminated with either extinction or omission training in Context B. The response was then tested in Contexts A and B in ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rey CN,Thrailkill EA,Goldberg KL,Bouton ME

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatments based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, such as functional communication training, are widely used. Research regarding the maintenance of related treatment effects is limited. Nevin and Wacker (2013) provided a conceptual framework, rooted in behavioral momentum theory, for the study of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ringdahl JE,Berg WK,Wacker DP,Crook K,Molony MA,Vargo KK,Neurnberger JE,Zabala K,Taylor CJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Roger T. Kelleher, rightly known as one of the foremost contributors to behavioral pharmacology, also made many important contributions to the experimental analysis of behavior. He participated significantly in the development of the discipline, through both his research and his editorial contributions to thisjournal....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Branch MN

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male and female college students answered standard questions about the women's liberation movement on three occasions. A set of target words was embedded in the questions, with one set used in Sessions 1 and 3, and a synonymous, but different set used in Session 2. The relative frequencies of usage of a given target w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Boe R,Winokur S

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments investigated conditions affecting the choice to cooperate or compete. Experiment I compared the effects first of an individual activity, then of a competitive task as an alternative to cooperation. For both comparisons, subjects could earn more by cooperating. Choice of competition, but not individua...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schmitt DR

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were trained in an analogue foraging procedure in which, by completing a travel requirement, they entered a "patch" in which a reinforcer might be available after an unpredictable time. They also had the opportunity, by emitting a defined response, to exit the patch and travel to another patch. Prey avail...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McCarthy D,Voss P,Davison M

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were allowed to forage in a simulated natural environment made up of eight food sources (patches) each containing a fixed number of pellets. Two of the eight contained an extra supply of peanuts. The peanut patches were signaled by an olfactory/visual cue located at the bottom of the ladder leading to the patch. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mellgren RL,Brown SW

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An omission procedure was employed to study elicited pecking in the first component of a two-component chain schedule. Both components were fixed-interval schedules correlated with colored keylights. The first response following the initial-link schedule produced a second fixed-interval schedule. We studied several fi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dougherty DM,Lewis P

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four pigeons were trained to respond on one of two keys in the presence of one color-form display, and on the other key when a second color-form display was present. Both responses were maintained on a 2-min variable-internal schedule of reinforcement. Subsequently, stimulus control acquired by components of the compo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Born DG,Peterson JL

更新日期：1969-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons with extensive training pecking a key illuminated by a white line then had brief training with the key illuminated by 555 nanometers. This was immediately followed by a wavelength generalization test in extinction. Dimensional stimulus control about the training wavelength increased with the duration and numbe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weisman RG,Thio H

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three rats were exposed to a multiple schedule in which separate presentations of light and tone alternated with periods during which light and tone were absent. In Phase 1, light and tone each signalled identical variable-interval schedules of food delivery. In Phase 2, light and tone signalled separate but concurren...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wiltz RA

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00